Students In Lahore Research Articles

Prevalence of stress and its effects on the physical and dental health of medical, dental, and engineering students in Lahore, Pakistan”

Stress can contribute to or influence the development of psychological disorders like depression and anxiety, as well as physiological issues like high blood pressure and slow wound healing. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of stress and its oral and physical manifestations in medical, dental, and engineering students of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in Rashid Latif Medical Complex and Clapp trust Lahore, Pakistan. The study included 326 male and female students from medical, dentistry, and engineering universities. Results: The majority of them were females 68.7% as compared to males 31.3%. The mean age of the students was 21.9±4.17 years. The persistent headache had the highest frequency among physical problems due to stress with 84.5% of the participants responding. In a comparative analysis, the t-test showed gender to be significant for disturbed sleep, difficulty breathing persistent headaches, and muscular pains while the ANOVA test showed a significant association of age with weight gain, pain in TMJ, and ulcers in the oral cavity. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between weight gain and age. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the stress of studying is making students more susceptible to problems with their physical and oral health, which is lowering their quality of life.

Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Physically Disable Students of Primary School in Lahore

Objective: This study aimed to report the incidence of dental caries among deaf students of primary school in Lahore Method: This descriptive crossectional study was conducted at 2 private primary schools for deaf students in Lahore. Sample of the study was 150 students who were completely deaf. Data was collected by screening of oral health maintenance of students by two dentists. Chi Square test was used to explore the age wise difference in occurrence of dental caries among deaf students of primary school in Lahore Results: Overall incidence of dental caries is quite high among deaf students of primary school in Lahore (112(74.67%). Results of chi square test revealed no significant difference of incidence of dental caries in terms of age (X2=4.597, P=.204). Conclusion: In Lahore, incidence of dental caries among primary school deaf students is quite high which need to be address. Moreover, age has no significant effect on the incidence of dental caries among primary school deaf students. Keywords: Dental caries, Deaf students, Primary school, Oral health maintenance

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Medical Education among Students of Lahore, Pakistan: Medical Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Response Regarding Online Learning

Background: COVID-19 was announced as a pandemic issue globally on 11th March, 2020. In response to this situation, all educational activities including medical and clinical education in various colleges across the country were suspended on the 15th of March. So, online education emerged as an alternative method of teaching & learning to maintain continuity of education Aim: To evaluate the use of online learning modalities and to find their feasibility and usability in medical education. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed across the government and private medical colleges of Lahore. Eligible participants were undergraduate medical students from 10 medical colleges of Lahore. A questionnaire linked to a Google form was distributed to the medical students across 10 government and private medical colleges through different social platforms. Results: A total of 439 valid questionnaires were collected. 31.7% of students disagreed that interaction between students and teachers was possible through online teaching. Only 7.7% of students agreed that online learning can be used for clinical teaching of medical sciences, as compared to 35.8% who disagreed with this answer and 12.8% who were neutral. 23% of the students agreed that online learning was more convenient and flexible than traditional learning, while 24% disagreed and 21.4% were neutral in this regard. Only 19.8% of students had problems with poor internet services. Conclusion: As Pakistan has faced four waves of the COVID-19 which is not over yet due to the emergence of new strains. Due to vaccination of medical students medical education is back to conventional physical learning but online learning has gained importance as an effective alternate to continue learning processes in exceptional situations like COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, online education

A Comparative Study of The L2 Motivational Self System of Secondary Students in Public and Private Schools of Lahore

In the modern world, learning English is seen as a very important part of education. Many countries have added English to their school curriculum. This particular study is designed the investigation whether is there any relationship between the motivational self-system in L2 and language learning achievements. Three public and three private sector schools in Lahore were selected for the sample. This study was administered with the aid of close-ended questionnaires of secondary school students in Lahore. Results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between public and private schools on the basis of gender. Cooperation between teachers and students' effective motivational strategies can easily be adapted for L2 learners, as previous studies also show that building learners' confidence and establishing positive relationships are the most important motivational strategies in the L2 learning classroom.

Perception Of Medical Practitioners Regarding Patient Referral to Physiotherapy

The purpose of this study is to give us an insight into the current perceptions held by other professionals who are currently practicing medicine regarding patient referral to physiotherapy. Methods: A self-designed Questionnaire was distributed among the medical practitioners that were currently working various hospitals and clinics which were currently operational and were located in various regions of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The required questionnaires were filled within a period of 3 months. Results: Out of Total 225, 57% were males and 43% were females. Participants on the base of their specialties were 55% from general practice, 45% from medical specialties. The referral rate among the participants showed that 14% participants did not refer any patients at all, 22% Rarely referred patients, 49% referred patients sometimes and 15% participants referred on a regular basis.30% respondents referred patients with a prescription and 70% referred patients with a prescription did not believe that a physiotherapist cannot devise an action plan without proper instruction. While 53% medical doctors included a specified medical diagnosis in their and 47% that include a medical diagnosis said that this was not the cause of including it in referrals.Conclusion: It was concluded that, participants were found to have well response about the patient referral to physiotherapy, the likelihood of referral is good and majority of participants admit physiotherapy as autonomous profession and have opinion that physiotherapist are trained enough to determine the right treatment for their patients. Methods: This is an observational study; cross sectional survey with 306 estimated sample size 288 participants were respondents but remaining 18 were non respondents and data is collected from students of sports sciences department in mentioned universities using Kujala Scoring questionnaire. Data is entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results shows that age of participants were between 19 to 25 years. Number of male (62.15%) participants were more than female (37.85%) participants. prevalence of PFP among sports sciences students is 63.54%( N=183) with mild or no symptoms of anterior knee pain, 26.74%(N=77) with moderate symptoms and 9.72% (N=28) with severe symptoms of Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Conclusion: According to the results we concluded that there is mild or no symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in 63.54 % Sports Sciences Students in Lahore,26.74 % Sport Sciences Students have moderate symptoms of Anterior Knee joint Pain and 9.72% Sports Sciences Students have severe Symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Motives As Predictors Of Facebook Usage Mediated By Gender: Cases Study Of University Students In Lahore

Facebook (FB) is taking a lot of time of university students by compromising on educational motives. It is aimed to analyze the effects of motives on Facebook users to find the best predictors mediated by gender.University students from Pakistan constitute the population. The students are selected (n = 397) from universities in Lahore for the purpose. The offline cross-sectional survey is used for the collection of data. The study finds that social interaction, spy motives, educational motives and political motives are significant predictors of Facebook usage among university students in Lahore. It is found that ‘male’ students, in comparison to ‘female’, are using Facebook more for self-presentation and companionship motives in particular

A Study of the Challenges in Teaching English as a Foreign Language to the Students with Visual Impairment

The aim of the present study was to investigate the challenges that English as a foreign language teachers face in teaching the English language to students with visual impairment. The data was collected through questionnaires from English language special education teachers who were teaching English at the secondary level. The research took place in Lahore, Pakistan, in special education classrooms. The target population of the study is English language teachers who are teaching visually impaired students in Lahore, Punjab. While the sample of the study was comprised of secondary level teachers of visually impaired students in Lahore. The findings of the study revealed that teachers were facing a number of problems in teaching visually impaired students, such as behavioral issues, less attention span, lack of motivation, lack of teaching materials, less family-supportive environment to do homework tasks etc.

Learning goes Digital: Impact of WhatsApp Discussion Groups on Academic Performance of University Students in Lahore

The use of mobile phones, in this era of technology, is considered to be an innovative (Quick learning resource) learning method in the field of education. The way technological advancement is playing its role to boost up the effectiveness of different education-based activities around the globe is also worth considering. This study, therefore, aims to explore the impact of different Discussion Groups over academic performance of the students. The fundamental objectives of the study are to examine the trends of using WhatsApp discussion groups among students, and to analyze the impact of its usage on their academic performance. Population of the study is comprised of the students enrolled in different universities of Lahore. These universities are further divided into two strata i.e. Private-sector universities and Public-sector universities (1-public and 1-private). Students from these universities are then selected using convenience sampling on second level. Similarly, survey method has been used to collect the data from sample of 200 students i.e. 100students from each university both male and female i.e. 50/50 male and female from each university.

Virtual Disparities and Educational Divide as Determinants of Online Health Literacy: A Cross-sectional Study of University Students in Lahore

The study assumes that students belonging to diverse educational levels were dissimilar in the level of practicing and competence in online health literacy. The survey method used a questionnaire to measure the responses of students of 16 universities in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 1512 students was selected by using a 4-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn test, and Mann-Whitney Utest (non-parametric). The findings show that educational level does have a significant association with practicing level in online health literacy (P.Value.0041). Moreover, education level also has a significant association with competence level in online health literacy (P. Value.045). The study recommends that online health literacy should be encouraged among the students, and the universities should be well-equipped with adequate hardware and human resources to facilitate the students.

Association between osteoporosis Knowledge and Food Habits in Female University Students of Lahore

Background: Osteoporosis is a general metabolic disorder which causes many musculoskeletal issues and reduces the quality of life in the elderly population which usually progresses at the age between 30 to 40 years in both males and females. Recent studies suggested some of the associated factors like age, low bone mineral density, sex family history of fracture, less dietary intake of vitamin D, and abnormal thyroid function, these factors are the leading cause of osteoporosis especially in females. It is also indicated that along with other associated factors poor living style, malnutrition and the bad food habits leads to form osteoporosis which contributes in the loss of bone mass in post-menopausal stage of women Objective: To determine the association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore. Methodology: After the approval from the research committee of University an analytical cross sectional study was conducted using the Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) &Adolescent food habits checklist tool (AFHC) to collect data from 138 students. The collection of data was carried by online Google forms because the university was closed due to the pandemic situation. Results: Mean knowledge score was found 9.9 with SD 4.8. Majority of the participants were found having average Knowledge good Knowledge (33.3% and 32.6%). Mean AFHC score was found 12.1 with SD±4.5. Increasing score indicates higher good food habits’ value and r value indicates that there is association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits.

Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Among Sports Sciences Students In Lahore

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is characterized by severe pain around the knee cap during physical activities. Many researches have been done to describe the causes of PFP and it is found that it is multifactorial in nature. It is suggested that Patellofemoral pain can persist for many years and can cause decline in sports participation. Muscular imbalance and over activity are major causes of knee pain in Sports related PFP .Multiple management strategies are used in the intervention protocol of PFP however, more research is required to find potential causes of knee pain and its management in sport sciences. Objective: The aim of this study is to find out prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Sports Sciences students in Lahore. Methods: This is an observational study; cross sectional survey with 306 estimated sample size 288 participants were respondents but remaining 18 were non respondents and data is collected from students of sports sciences department in mentioned universities using Kujala Scoring questionnaire. Data is entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results shows that age of participants were between 19 to 25 years. Number of male(62.15%) participants were more than female(37.85%) participants .prevalence of PFP among sports sciences students is 63.54%( N=183) with mild or no symptoms of anterior knee pain, 26.74%(N=77) with moderate symptoms and 9.72% (N=28) with severe symptoms of Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Conclusion: According to the results we concluded that there are mild or no symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in 63.54 % Sports Sciences Students in Lahore,26.74 % Sport Sciences Students have moderate symptoms of Anterior Knee joint Pain and 9.72% Sports Sciences Students have severe Symptoms Of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Awareness and Perception of Nicotine Pouches and E-Cigarettes among Dental Students in Lahore

Objective: The purpose of this study was therefore, to assess the awareness and perception of dental students regarding these products, which are rapidly being marketed in Pakistan. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, close-ended questionnaire based and helped the investigators to compare the awareness and perception of dental students regarding nicotine pouches and e-cigarettes. Students in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and final year of nine dental colleges in Lahore city were targeted to fill the questionnaire via convenience sampling and Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the results obtained. Results: More than 70% of the participants were aware of nicotine pouches and e-cigarettes. However, very few participants had ever used them. Almost 1/3rd of the participants believed that both nicotine pouches and e-cigarettes are less harmful and less addictive than regular cigarettes and can help quit smoking. Conclusion: Generally, people were better aware of e-cigarettes and considered them less harmful and less addictive compared to NPs while NPs were considered as a better alternative to help quit smoking. Keywords: Nicotine pouches, E-cigarettes, new nicotine products, awareness, perception

INFLUENCE OF SMARTPHONE USAGE ON HEALTH CAUSING INSOMNIA AND BINGE EATING

Background: Smart phone is an electrical device and its use is increasing day by day even in the growing countries like Pakistan. Difficulty in sleeping and disturbed sleep quality is termed as insomnia and binge eating is a psychological disorder characterized by overeating. Objective: To access the influence of excessive use of smart phone on health causing insomnia and binge eating. Method: A Cross Sectional Study design was done on 100 university students in Lahore to elucidate the influence of smart phone usage on health causing binge eating and insomnia. A self-formulated questionnaire was used including questions like (age, sex, weight, height, snacking while using smart phone and sleep quality). Purposive Sampling technique was used to collect data. Adolescent’s aging 20-25 years of age were participants of the study. Data was analyzed through latest version of SPSS. Result: According to the findings of study, out of total 100 participants 69 were females and 31 were males. Majority 61% of the participants were having disturbed sleep quality due to smart phone usage and 64% were binging while on their smart phones using social media. Conclusion: It is concluded from study that percentage of smart phone usage is contributing to sleep disturbances and high calorie intake in university students.The results suggest that students who were addicted to smartphones were having sleep disturbances and were also binging. In addition, it was also Affecting their weight as their BMI were increased.

Correlation of internet addiction with academic performance and general health in undergraduate physiotherapy students

There are billions of internet users now a days and this number is keep on increasing due to global digitalization. Mostly students are using internet for their study purpose but they are getting addicted to over use of internet other than study purpose. In long term this affects their academic performance as well as their health.Objective: To determine the correlation of internet addiction with academic performance and general health in undergraduate physical therapy students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 345 physical therapy students of Lahore (Pakistan), who were selected via non- probability convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using Young's internet addiction and general health questionnaire and CGPA for academic performance. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21. Results: Correlation of internet addiction with general health and academic performance showed a significant association between internet addiction and general health. The p value was less than 0.05 which showed correlation between internet addiction and academic performance Conclusions: There seen a positive Correlation of internet addiction with academic performance and general health in undergraduate physical therapy students

CORRELATION OF BODY MEASUREMENTS AND EXERCISE WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN LAHORE

Objective: To find out correlation of body measurements and exercise with blood pressure among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan.
 Study Design: Correlational study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from May to Jul 2018.
 Methodology: A sample of 332 students was recruited through simple random sampling technique. Resting blood pressure in sitting position along with body mass index of respondents were taken after informed consent.
 Results: Mean age of respondents was 21.06 ± 1.53 years. Mean sitting systolic blood pressure was 117.5 ± 8.24mm Hg, Mean sitting diastolic blood pressure was 77.9 ± 7.05mm Hg. Significant association was found between weight and both Systolic (r=1, p≤0.00) and Diastolic (r=0.01, p=0.05) blood pressure. Height was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.07). Body mass index was also significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (r=1, p≤0.00) and diastolic blood pressures (r=0.14, p=0.00). Significant association is found between systolic blood pressure and exercise with number of days (r=-0.15, p=0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.11, p=0.00) and duration of exercise with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.13, p=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.16, p=0.04).
 Conclusion: Weight and Body mass index are positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: , , , .

Spirituality among Doctor of Physical Therapy Students in Lahore, Pakistan

Aim: To determine Doctor of Physical Therapy student attitudes towards spirituality. Methods: This Observational Study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2018 after ethical approval. Total of 1003 participants were recruited through purposive non-probability sampling technique. DPT students from public/ private Universities were included in the study and Graduated Physical Therapist and Postgraduate Physical Therapy Students were excluded. 16-item Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) was used to record response. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.90 ± 6.8 years ranging from 18 years to 23 years. Out of 1003 195(19.4%) were males and 808(80.6%) were females, 312(31.1%) having no clinical attachment and 691(68.9%) having clinical attachment. 4949(49.3%) were in Riphah international university, 68(6.8%) were in SAHS children hospital, 122(12.2%) were in SPT, Mayo Hospital, 319(31.8%) were in Rashid Lateef Medical College. The result shows that there is no significant difference in spirituality score among DPT students of different institutes according to age, gender, year of study and clinical attachment. Conclusion: This study concluded that entry-level DPT students had positive attitude towards spirituality. Keywords: Spirituality, DPT Students, Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale.

Dental Anxiety among Students of Lahore, Pakistan

Objective: Current study aimed to explore the dental anxiety level among students in schools existing in Lahore. Method: This study was descriptive cross-sectional in nature. Data of 300 students was collected from three schools. Students with age of 13years or above were included in study. MDAS was used to collect data with a section of demographics. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Mean MDAS score of the sample was 14.11±4.330. The frequency of mild anxiety (MDAS <11) was 21.3%, moderate to severe anxiety (MDAS 11 to 18) was 62.7%, and dental phobia (MDAS 19 to 25) was 16.0%. Conclusion: Dental anxiousness was found in more than half of the students. Keywords: Dental anxiety, Students, Dental phobia, Extraction

Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Determinants of Pain Intensity Among University-Age Women.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhic pain among university students in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted across various public and private sector universities in Lahore. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 randomly selected female university students. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 91.5%. Age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-3.50) was the only significant factor associated with dysmenorrhea. The mean pain severity score among dysmenorrhic students was 5.62 ± 2.28. Most of the participants (65.8%) were experiencing moderate/severe pain. Univariate analysis showed that irregular cycle (OR [95% CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.33]), age at menarche of ≤14 years (OR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.05-2.04]), duration of menses of more than 5 days (OR [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.02-1.99]), stress (OR [95% CI] = 2.16 [1.54-3.03]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.08-2.21]), and medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.72 [1.17-2.52]) were significantly associated with pain severity among dysmenorrhic female students. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.83 [1.22-2.73]), age at menarche (OR [95% CI] = 0.603 [0.42-0.86]), regularity of menses (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.04-2.22]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.69 [1.16-2.45]), and stress (OR [95% CI] = 1.87 [1.32-2.66]) were independent predictors of moderate/severe dysmenorrhic pain. The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students. High levels of stress and early menarche were the potent determinants of moderate/severe dysmenorrhea that disturbs quality of life.

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on mental health of medical students in Lahore, Pakistan

Objective: The objective isto assess the effects of lockdown on mental health of medical students of a Private medical college in Lahore. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted to assess the mental health status of medical students during lockdown using the designed scale DASS 21. The reliability of scale was tested using Cronbach alpha. The scale is based on 3 sub-scales used to measure depression, anxiety and stress. A sample of size 230 students from different years of MBBS is used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 Results & Discussion:The proportion of females participated in study was comparatively higher. The females were observed as more depressive. As observed 62.6% of medical students suffered from mild to very severe depression during the lockdown period.Anxiety was observed among 52% of the students. More than half dealt with various levels of anxiety and faced stress. Conclusion: COVID-19 has caused extensive distress in the lives and mental health of millions of medical students. The findings of this study indicate that depression, anxiety and stress are common morbidities amongst medical students, particularly those in their clinical training years. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.125-130

Comparative Effects of Suture and Non-Suture Surgical Techniques on Platysma after Thyroid SurgeryFast Food Intake Affecting Physical and Mental Well-Being of Medical Students in Lahore

Background: Fast food consumption is being significantly affecting physical and mental health of children and adolescent. Unhealthy diet is designated as the major cause of various medical illness. Among these most common is obesity. This also leads to anxiety, sleep disorder, verbal abuse and hence responsible for mental issues as well. Aim: To observe factors affected by fast food consumption among youngsters. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct a study for factor analysis of physical and mental health issues related to fast food consumption at a private medical college in Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected using self-designed questionnaire to collect information about the physical health, mental health, routine exercise, workout and fast -food consumption attitude. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to access the total explained variation through varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett test of sphericity was seen to have a p-value 0.000 which is significant. Significant results of KMO and Bartlett test allows for EFA. It has been seen that thirteen factors contributed to explain more than 70% of the variation Conclusion: Most commonly affected factors were physical and mental well-being that explained maximum variation. These factors comprised minor mental issues like emotional health, anger, mood swings and anxiety and physical health such as worse effect on health, less physical activity/ inactivity and irregular exercise. Major Keywords: Fast food, Mental Health, Obesity, Physical Health, Risk.