Students In Ibadan Research Articles

Knowledge and attitudes towards Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias among Nigerian medical and nursing students: a comparative study

IntroductionDementia is a growing public health challenge globally, with low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, disproportionately affected. Healthcare professionals play a critical role in dementia care. This study compared the knowledge and attitudes of medical and nursing students at a Nigerian university toward Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 143 penultimate and final-year medical and nursing students were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare mean scores between these students. Multivariate regression models were developed to identify factors significantly associated with ADKS and DCAS scores. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed p-value of < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 22.61 years (SD ± 2.56). Medical students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores (19.82, SD ± 3.17) compared to nursing students (17.39, SD ± 2.65; p < 0.001) on a scale of 0 to 30. Attitudes measured using the Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS) showed no significant difference between groups, with medical students scoring slightly higher. Multiple regression analysis identified department as a significant predictor of knowledge (p < 0.001) and attitudes (p = 0.010).ConclusionThe study highlights gaps in dementia education among medical and nursing students in Ibadan. Targeted educational interventions, including enhanced curriculum content and experiential learning opportunities, are urgently needed to improve dementia care preparedness in the healthcare workforce.

Influence of School-climate on Science Students’ Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the Influence of School-climate on Science Students’ Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study with a focus on Senior Secondary School II Science Students, which necessitated the use of questionnaires for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha statistic with 0.82 reliability value. Result formats were also used for collecting the average scores of 250 participating science students in science subjects (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Further Mathematics) from the school authorities concerned. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts, Mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings from the study showed that, school-climate influences the academic performance of science students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria leading to the need to enhance proper constructs for better performance in science subjects. The study concluded that conducive school-climates play significant roles in the performance of science students, which invariably implies that improved students’ performance can be achieved when school authorities pay deliberate attention to improving school-climate conditions. It was recommended among others that, schools should endeavor to create conducive environment such as provision of basic facilities, clear and effective communication channels and a cordial teacher-students relationship to facilitate learning and to improve students’ academic performance in science subjects.

Use of Social Media Platforms for Citizen Journalism on Security Challenges in Nigeria among The Polytechnic Ibadan Students

The immediacy of social media gives citizens the ability to monitor real-world events and security issues and get immediate feedback that can help shape their responses and priorities, which can also be valuable in promoting security in general. Through its constant use, social media has played a significant role in fostering both positive and negative facets of insecurity. Therefore, this study investigated use of social media platforms and engagement in citizens’ journalism regarding security challenges in Nigeria among The Polytechnic Ibadan Students. The study adopted descriptive survey research design; multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in the sample selection of 403 respondents. A validated instrument named; Citizen Journalism Social Media Questionnaire(r=0.874) was used for data collection; data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that students of The Polytechnic Ibadan made use of popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp (weighted x̄ 1.40) respectively and engaged in online discussion of security challenges to a large extent using Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, and others (weighted x̄ 2.11). Also, there was no significant difference (r = 0.053, p&lt;0.05) in level of engagement in online discussion on security challenges in Nigeria. Thus, the study concluded that The Polytechnic Ibadan students’ social media use does not have any influence on security challenges in Nigeria. The study recommended that security information should be promptly disseminated virtually by security operatives to avoid spreading of fake security news through social media platforms.

Game of Hope: The Culture of Betting among Undergraduate Students in Ibadan

Game of Hope: The Culture of Betting among Undergraduate Students in Ibadan

Critique of Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Mathematics as a daily cultural activity of human in space and time; concretized into symbols to be computed using mental computer or activities, is a subject that puts people not only the learners into a feeling of phobia/ anxiety whenever the name is mentioned. This article from psychological perspective posits that, the masses general adoption of mathematics as a difficult and fearful subject is a cause from environmental factors. This is because prior scientific approach to mathematics, human beings have been solving daily issues, removing, adding, dividing and multiplying using available counters like fingers, toes, sticks, stones, grains, charcoal, seeds even human beings, animals, plants, buildings, cars and others. Today, teaching and learning of mathematics is affected. Majority of the mathematics teachers teach mathematics in abstract; learners learn in abstract coupled with some psychological issues that may be opposing the mental ability as at the time of learning which also goes on to affect the retention, remembering and transferring. This article critiqued Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted opinion research design. The population of the study comprised all aspect of humans that are educable or can learn, but 42 respondents (20 male and 22 female which comprised 8 teachers, 6 non-educators, 24 junior and senior students and 4 postgraduate students) was sampled. The instruments for data collection were interview and focus group. Two research questions guided the study. The main purpose of the critiquing is to counter the masses’ negative notion and the claim about math by this paper; to inculcate into the masses especially the younger learners /scholars that math is like every other subject; that mathematics anxiety is as a result of mathematics nature misconception and the negative verbalization influence from the teachers, parents and the society that, “math is difficult”; to expose the lapses in parents and teachers inadequacies in instilling mathematics self-efficacy into the learners and thereby encourage learners to learn with confidence built on constancy for “constant practice makes for perfection. From the findings, it was discovered that the onset of mathematics anxiety centered around the teachers’ demonstrating incompetence, giving rigid approaches and personalities and employment of untrained math teachers in teaching mathematics. The study on mathematics anxiety was critiqued and recommendations made that would help educational development and management.

Knowledge and Availability of School Health Services Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study investigates the knowledge and availability of school health services among secondary school students in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, the study sampled 300 students from both private and public secondary schools, aged between 10-19 years. The objectives included assessing students' knowledge of school health services, evaluating the available services, and exploring the association between school types and the understanding and availability of health services. The research reveals that the majority of participants, particularly in private schools, exhibit a higher level of awareness and utilisation of school health services compared to their public school counterparts. However, it highlights deficiencies in human and material resources necessary for the implementation of a comprehensive school health program in secondary schools within the Ibadan North-West Local Government Area. The study recommends that school management in the area should prioritize periodic health education to enhance students' health knowledge and promote healthy behaviors. Additionally, it calls on the national government to invest not only in increasing the number of school health service professionals but also in providing adequate training to address the specific needs of secondary school students, particularly during their adolescent years.

Commonly used diagnostic label, classes, domain, and formulation among nursing students in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria.

In order to select nursing actions that will produce the desired results, a nursing diagnosis is crucial. Despite this, it can be challenging for nursing students to recognize and create precise nursing diagnostic labels that are particular to a patient's situation. The study's objectives are to identify the diagnostic labels, classes, and domains that are frequently formulated by nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional methodology and a self-developed questionnaire were utilized to gather information from 120 nursing students who were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square) statistics were used to analyze the data. The 0.05 P- value was chosen. The respondent's average age is 23 ± 21.4 years. The majority of respondents (94.2%) concurred that greater exposure to clinical settings, case discussion methods (92.5%), as well as group case studies (90.8%) strategy, can all improve the creation of precise diagnostic labels. Additionally, the deficient fluid volume diagnostic label is the one that is most usually utilized (78.3%). Overall results show that the diagnostic labels that are used the most frequently are those for domains 4 (Activity/Rest) and 11 (Safety/Protection). There was no relationship (P = 0.061) between the commonly used diagnostic label and the chosen schools. The study offered empirical data on the most used diagnostic labels and domains. Therefore, it will be important that nursing students involve critical reasoning skills as well as familiarize themselves with other significant domains and classes that are useful in the patient's care.

School Health Services Utilisation Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study assesses the utilisation of school health services in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria, with implications for primary healthcare among school children and the prevention of early-life preventable diseases. The research objectives include determining the level of school health service utilisation among secondary students in public and private schools, investigating barriers affecting utilisation, and examining the association between school type and service utilisation. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, sampling 300 students aged 10-19 from a population of 37,396 in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area. The study utilized a multi-stage sampling procedure and a self-structured questionnaire with sections on socio-demographic characteristics, utilisation assessment, and barriers. The instrument's validity was established through content and face validity procedures. Results indicate a higher utilisation of school health services in private schools compared to public schools, highlighting a deficit in human and material resources for qualitative school health programs. Weak collaboration between the health and education sectors was detected, contributing to suboptimal standards and dissatisfaction among beneficiaries. Factors such as logistical challenges and changing living areas were identified as potential contributors to poor health program implementation. Recommendations include intensified efforts by school management boards to ensure service utilisation, the creation and maintenance of healthy school environments, and increased family involvement in school health service policies.

Antecedent Factors Relating to Malaria Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Nigeria is a malaria-endemic country, and the disease is responsible for a high-rate of morbidity and mortality among various segments of the population. The aim of this study was to assess the living situation, knowledge, and perception relating to malaria among secondary school students. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to recruit 430 students from private and public secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that included questions on socio-demographic characteristics; respondents’ living conditions; a 66-point scale on knowledge of causes, transmission route, symptoms, prevention, and consequences of malaria; and a 22-point scale on perceptions of malaria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA at a confidence level of 95%. Respondents’ mean knowledge score was 27.0±7.9, with a majority (76.1%) having poor knowledge. The type of school attended influenced respondents’ knowledge. The mean perception score was 12.3±4.2 with 61.0% of the respondents having favourable perceptions. Students in private schools had a lower knowledge of malaria as compared to those in public schools (p&lt;0.05). Age was significantly associated with perception as younger students had a better perception towards malaria compared to students in older age groups. Respondents had inadequate knowledge relating to malaria and several of them had perceptions that can put them at risk of the disease. Appropriate school-based health promotion strategies such as peer education, and training are needed to address the identified gaps in knowledge, and perceptions not in line with the biomedical worldview.

Prevalence and Predictors of Tobacco Use Among Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Most tobacco use begins in adolescence, causing dependence and prolonged use, and accounts for more than 8 million deaths worldwide annually. Monitoring adolescent tobacco use is critical to controlling it. Our study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents in Nigeria. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among adolescent students in Ibadan, Nigeria, aged 11 to 18 years, from March through June 2021. We used a 2-stage cluster design to select 3,199 students from 23 schools. We adapted the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Core Questionnaire, version 1.2, for data collection and used logistic regression to assess factors associated with current tobacco use. We weighted all analyses for complex survey design and differential nonresponse at school, class, and student levels. Prevalence of current use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or any tobacco were 1.4%, 1.1%, and 2.0%, respectively. Predictors of current tobacco use were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.53-6.42); close friends as smokers (aOR = 3.10; 95% CI, 1.77-5.41); classmates as smokers (aOR = 3.12; 95% CI, 1.15-8.49); access to cigarette (aOR = 6.65; 95% CI, 2.55-17.33); perception that smoking is attractive (aOR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.17-8.44); exposure to secondhand smoke (aOR = 2.93; 95% CI, 1.07-8.03); and internet awareness of tobacco use (aOR = 3.22; 95% CI, 1.48-7.04). Prevalence of adolescent tobacco use was low in Ibadan. Predictors were peer influence, access to cigarettes, misperceptions about tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and tobacco advertising. We recommend an antitobacco campaign that uses a peer education strategy, a comprehensive enforcement of tobacco advertising, and a ban on public smoking.

Do Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria Skip Breakfast?

Do Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria Skip Breakfast?

Influence of Textual Schema on Secondary School Students’ Organisational and Mechanical Accuracy Skills in Continuous Writing

Previous studies have indicated that textual and content schemata influence literacy skills. This study was designed to investigate the influence of textual schema on students’ organisational and mechanical accuracy skills in writing. The population of participants included all the Senior Secondary School II students in Ibadan. A total number of one hundred and fifty (150) students, selected through a random sampling technique, took part in the study. The descriptive design of the ex post facto type was adopted in the study. A self-structured questionnaire on textual schema and an essay test within the readability level of candidates formed the instruments for data collection. Students’ essays were scored based on content, organisation, expression and mechanical accuracy: each aspect was scored based on 100%. Three hypotheses were raised and tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. It was discovered that students who had high levels of textual schema reflected adequate organisational and mechanical skills in their essay writing. Based on these findings, it was recommended that students should be exposed to a constant reading of books, ebooks, novels, newspapers, magazines and essays to enhance their textual schema for effective writing.

Predictors of Shisha Use among Medical and Dental Students in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Shisha is a form of smoked tobacco product. Medical trainees are potential stakeholders in providing accurate information about shisha and discouraging its use. However, few studies have targeted medical trainees to provide much-needed information for policymaking and planning of programs. To determine the prevalence and predictors of shisha use among medical and dental students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and dental students (n = 252) of the University of Ibadan, selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The Global Health Profession Students Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire was used to obtain information about socio-demographics, shisha and other tobacco use, and knowledge and attitude towards shisha use. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Continuous data were presented using mean and standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were reported as proportions. The association between the outcome variable (shisha use) and independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, having friends who use shisha) was measured using Pearson's Chi-square test, and factors significant (P < 0.05) were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. The mean age (± SD) was 21.7 (± 3.1) years. Over half [136 (54%)] were males, and most [199 (79%)] were medical students. About 28 (11%) were not aware of shisha, whereas 22 (8.7%) reported they had ever used shisha. The mean knowledge score was 5.6 ± 4.7, and 76 (33.9%) supported shisha use. Positive predictors of shisha use included the male gender [OR: 6.4 (95% CI: 1.76-23.10)] and having a friend who uses shisha [OR: 28.2 (95% CI: 5.49-144.23)]. The prevalence of shisha use among medical and dental students in Ibadan is unacceptably high, although low compared to other countries in similar resource settings. Surprisingly, the students had poor knowledge about shisha, and over a third supported its use, especially males who were more prone to use it. There is a need to design targeted health promotion and education for the students, especially males.

Estimation of design load and distribution pattern for wooden classroom chairs in use at secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The absence of an established design load constitutes a challenge to the engineering design of classroom furniture. This study developed a methodology for estimating design loads for single user (SU) and multiple user (MU) wooden classroom chair and desk combinations offered to secondary school students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Service load distribution patterns for the chair and desk members in normal, backward and front-reclining sitting postures were determined for 15 girls and 15 boys using bathroom scales. A T-test was used to compare the significance of the means of the proportions of users’ weights transferred to the chair and the floor. Design loads were 1 kN (SU) and 2.7 kN (MU) for chair and desk configurations, respectively. Each SU and MU leg should be designed to support 35% and 40% of the service loads, respectively. Gender, sitting postures, and chair and desk designs influenced load distribution patterns significantly.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Depression Severity and the Use of Drugs Among University of Ibadan Students

Background: Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, measures such as nationwide lockdowns have been implemented. The sudden disruption of activities coupled with fear could trigger or aggravate mental illnesses and consequently, increase substance use as a coping mechanism. This study then sought to assess the impact of the lockdown on depression and substance use amongst students in a tertiary institution in Ibadan city, Nigeria. Methods: A self-administered 26 questions online questionnaire was employed for data collection of socio-demographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression, and a section on the use of psychoactive drugs during lockdown. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM's SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: We gathered 102 responses, 54.9% were males. Most of the respondents had mild depression (41.2%), followed by 36.3% that reported not having an episode of depression, 15.7% moderate, 4.9% moderately severe, and 2% severe depression. Female had more depressive episodes than males (p=0.185). Only 4% reported substance use since the pandemic, all were male. At a 95% confidence interval, there was no significant association between the level of depression and any socio-demographic characteristics of students and between the level of depression and drug use. Conclusions: According to this study, lockdown and other mitigation strategies implemented during the pandemic were not found to be associated with drug use. A limitation of this study is the cross-sectional design, as a result, a larger multicenter study is needed to ascertain the possible association between lockdown, depressive symptoms, and drug use among students.

Flatfoot and balance performance among junior secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Adequate body balance is important in preventing falls and injuries in children during physically active play and sports at school. Thestructure of the foot is essential to the ability to balance, but findings from studies comparing balance of children with and without flatfoot have been equivocal. We investigated the prevalence of flatfoot among school children in Ibadan, Nigeria, and compared selected balance indices in participants with and without flatfoot. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 300 junior secondary school students (aged 10–14 years). The navicular drop test, single limb stance test and tandem walk test were used to assess the presence of flatfoot, and static balance and dynamic balance, respectively. Data were summarised using percentages, mean and SD and, analysed with independent t-tests and chi-squared tests. The prevalence of flatfoot was 39.7%, and while higher in boys (44.7%) than girls (34.9%), this was not significantly different. Participants with flatfoot had significantly poorer mean static balance measures than those who did not (right: 25.70 [SD 6.55] vs 27.89 [SD 4.92]; left: 26.21 [SD 6.01] vs 28.52 [SD 4.27]), but there was no significant difference in dynamic balance between the groups. When treating children with flatfoot, physiotherapists may consider measuring static balance and, where appropriate, incorporate balance activities as part of the overall management plan.

Effect of Scratch Programming Language (SPL) on Achievement in Geometry among Senior Secondary Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

The knowledge of Mathematics is germane to the scientific and technological development of nations all over the world. In addition to this, the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) cum advances in pedagogy have made educators all over the world adopt innovative approaches that are ICT-inclined to enhance students’ acquisition of mathematical skills and also to enhance their academic achievement. In view of this, this study determined the effect of scratch programming language (SPL) on achievement in Geometry among senior secondary one (SS 1) students in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental research design. The participants were 116 (75 males and 41 females) Senior Secondary School students in two intact classes from two public schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area. The instruments used for data collection were the Students Achievement Test in Geometry (SATG) (with a reliability coefficient of 0.75) and the Instructional Guide or Manual for the use of Scratch Programming Language (TGUSPL). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results revealed that there was a significant main effect of treatment on students’ achievement in Geometry (F(1, 111) = 124.80; p&lt;0.05, partial η2 = 0.53). Gender also had a significant main effect on students’ achievement in Geometry (F(1, 111) = 20.25; p&lt;0.05, partial η2 = 0.15). It is, therefore, recommended that teachers and curriculum developers should adopt the use of Scratch programming language (SPL) for teaching Geometry for improved achievement in this aspect of Mathematics.

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) Among Adolescents during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study of High School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Problematic internet use (PIU) has generally been strongly associated with depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially among adolescents, with resulting consequences for their health. This study explores the pattern of internet use, and the prevalence of PIU before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, as well as the causes, effects, and potential mitigation measures in respect of PIU during the lockdown, among high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire, including a 20-question internet addiction test (IAT), was administered during the COVID-19 lockdown to 440 adolescents enrolled in high schools. Of these adolescents, 7.7% appeared from their responses to have had PIU before the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, 64.3% of respondents appeared from their responses to have had PIU during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The main reasons for the increased PIU were boredom, loneliness, idleness, pleasure gained from internet use, physical isolation, and the need for information and communication. The effects of PIU reported among the adolescents included reduced family intimacy, poor academic performance, loss of concentration, as well as internet abuse and risky sexual behaviour. To mitigate PIU among high school students, parental monitoring of adolescents, and their internet access and use, should be promoted. In addition, programmes should be organised by the media and academic institutions to keep adolescents engaged in productive tasks.

Effect of Egg Consumption on Serum Protein Levels of Some Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Effect of Egg Consumption on Serum Protein Levels of Some Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Al-Ghuluwu fi al-amsal al-arabiy

Abstract Al-Ghuluwu fi al-amsal al-arabiy (Postproverbial) is a new trend in modern Arabic studies. It is a way to gain the perceptions of learners of the language into Afro-Arabic and Yoruba cultures in contemporary times. Through the learning of the subject matter, University of Ibadan students of Arabic Language and Literature explore how much common philosophy is shared between postproverbial expressions in Arabic and Yoruba languages. Afro-Arabic postproverbial demonstrates the trends of modernity within the culture. It absorbs and transforms wisdom accumulated over the few years with the experience of students in their various localities. This paper investigates the exposure to postproverbiality in Arabic among the students of Arabic language and literature who are predominantly Yoruba in the University of Ibadan and how the practice of postproverbials transforms their perceptions and values of Yoruba and Afro-Arab cultural concepts. Thus, two questions are raised: to what extent does the use of postproverbials in the Arabic literature course in the University of Ibadan shed light on Yoruba cultural aspects not regularly covered in Arabic Proverbs? How does the use of postproverbials in the Arabic literature course promote a new understanding among the students and make them discover and reassess their values and preferences in the modern time? The theoretical framework of the paper is adopted from A. Raji-Oyelade’s “Postproverbials in Yoruba Culture: A Playful Blasphemy”. The result of this study indicates that students employed their basic knowledge of Arabic language, coupled with their Yoruba cultural background, to re-create a number of postproverbial texts within the context of Arabic culture. It also exhibits their level of consciousness in the modern times.