Students In Delhi Research Articles

Prevalence and pattern of sport injuries among college students in Delhi, India

Background: While the benefits of sport such as gain of fitness, reducing risk of diseases, or recreation are well-known among policy makers, relatively very little attention is paid to its unwanted side-effect, the injuries. Sports injuries are a burden to both individuals and the society. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of sport injuries among college students in Delhi, India. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used. The study was primarily directed towards the members of sports teams (both intra- and intercollege teams) and athletes in selected college in Delhi and complete enumeration of the study subjects was performed. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The prevalence of sport injury was 73.4%. Males suffered more injuries than females. There was a significant statistical difference with age (P = 0.008), students of 20 years and above suffering more injuries than their younger participants. The prevalence of sport injuries was more among those who do not have coaches (P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 3.49) and also those who did not receive any formal training (P = 0.000, OR 2.26). Only 68.8% took some form of treatment and very few (26.1%) practiced injury preventive measures. Conclusion: A diligent search for factors contributing to sports injuries is essential for injury management. Attention to preventive measures and appropriate supervision will allow youngsters to continue to enjoy sports in a safer way.

Psychosocial Determinants of Tobacco Use among School Going Adolescents in Delhi, India.

Background. Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. Many psychosocial factors were found to influence tobacco use. Therefore the present study was designed to determine the role of psychosocial factors associated with tobacco use among school going adolescents in Delhi, India. Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to September 2013 in four government schools in South district of Delhi, India. The questionnaire contains questions adapted from GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) to find the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among adolescents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results. The prevalence of ever and current tobacco use was found in 16.4% and 13.1%. Current smoking and current tobacco chewing were found in 10.2% and 9.4% students, respectively. The risk of current tobacco use was found to be higher among males (P value = 0.000) and in those who got higher pocket money (P value = 0.000). Psychosocial factors like lower general self-efficacy and maladjustments with peers, teachers, and schools were also found to be significant predictors of current tobacco use. Conclusion. The study has revealed higher prevalence of ever and current tobacco use among adolescent students in Delhi, India.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication among college students

Background: Self-medication is widely practiced both in developed and developing countries. Self-medication has certain advantages as it is convenient, economical, and medical resources are not wasted for minor illnesses. However, there are disadvantages as the disease recognized may not be correct, there is delay in meeting a health care worker, the side-effects of the medication are not known, inappropriate usage of antibiotics leading to drug resistance, taking the same drug with different trade names, it can lead to drug interactions and can also lead to drug addiction. College students prefer self-medication for minor illness or to save time and money. There is no data on the prevalence and pattern of self-medication in college students in Delhi. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication among medical and non-medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 200 students of Delhi University using a pretested, structured questionnaire about demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practices of self-medication. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Self-medication is commonly practiced among both medical and non‑medical college students. From a total of 200 students, 93% of the students had used self-medication of which 7% used it always. Allopathy is the most preferred system of medication. Conclusions: The reasons for self-medication were similar among medical and non-medical students, but positive attitude and knowledge toward self-medication was more among the medical students.

Assessment of knowledge of harmful effects and exposure to recreational music in college students of delhi: a cross sectional exploratory study.

Exposure to loud sounds results in a mild to profound degree of temporary or permanent hearing loss. Though occupational noise exposure remains the most commonly identified cause of noise-induced hearing loss, potentially hazardous noise can be encountered during recreational activities. Unfortunately not much attention is being given to the increasing trend of prolonged exposure to noisy environment, in the younger generation of Indians. The purpose of our study was to know the knowledge of college students about the harmful effects of loud music, prevailing practices with regard to exposure to recreational music and the subjective effects that this exposure is causing if any. Cross Sectional survey of College Students (n=940), from randomly selected colleges of Delhi University. Majority of students listened to music using music-enabled phones; earphones were preferred and 56.6% participants listened to music on a loud volume. Effects experienced due to loud sound were headache (58%), inability to concentrate (48%), and ringing sensation in the ear (41.8%). Only 2.7% respondents used ear protection device in loud volume settings. Twenty-three percent respondents complained of transient decreased hearing and other effects after exposure to loud music. 83.8% knew that loud sound has harmful effect on hearing but still only 2.7% used protection device. The survey indicates that we need to generate more such epidemiological data and follow up studies on the high risk group; so as to be able to convincingly sensitize the Indian young generation to take care of their hearing and the policy makers to have more information and education campaigns for this preventable cause of deafness.

Effect of an Educational Booklet on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Major Depressive Disorder in Medical Students in Delhi

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders affecting people in the world. It is also a growing concern in younger population particularly medical students. There are many pharmaceutical interventions for treatment of depression but there is paucity of data to determine the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude and help seeking behaviour regarding depression among medical students. Methods: An interventional study was carried out among randomly selected 100 medical students except interns over a period of 6 months from March-August 2011 in a medical college in Delhi to assess the effect of educational booklet on knowledge and attitude about depression. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Statistical significance in pre and post intervention proportions was determined using Mc Nemar test (MN) and for other proportions Chi-square test.Results: The study shown that only 71% of subjects knew that depression is a disease in pre intervention phase, which rose to 88% in post intervention phase (p=0.01). Knowledge of symptoms and treatment significantly improved such as trouble falling asleep or too much sleep (p=0.03), feeling tired or decreased energy (MN=17.6, p=0.01), feeling bad about self (MN=21.8, p=0.01), speaking slowly other can notice (MN=19.1, p=0.01) and can be treated by improving awareness (MN=8.6, p=0.03), and anti-depressants do not cause much of side effects (MN=17.3, p=0.01). Most common reasons for not seeking help were thinking that there is lack of understanding by other people about the depression (63%), lack of confidentiality (49%), social stigma (30%), fear of rejection (26%) and time constraints (6%). Majority of students accepted the booklet for their understanding about depression where 63% considered that it improved their knowledge to great extent. Conclusions: Educational interventional booklet should be promoted at bigger level to help students to identify and understand the depression which may improve health seeking behavior and could decrease their suffering if they fall sick.

The chasm between blood donation intention and action: a study among college students in Delhi, India

Introduction: The demand and requirement for blood exceeds the supply from blood donations. There is a need to retain the donors as well as increase the source-pool by motivating the non-donors. Objectives: To study the blood donation intention and current status among college students in a region of Delhi, and the associated motivating and barrier factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in four colleges in east Delhi. The participants were 674 adolescent students selected by cluster sampling, interviewed using a semi-open-ended, self-administered questionnaire. Results: The sample consisted of 239 (35.5%) males and 435 (64.5%) female students, aged 17–25 years. Of the students, 86 (12.8%) were blood donors. Most donors (60; 69.8%) had donated once, 11 (12.8%) twice, and 15 (17.4%) on more than two occasions. Majority of the non-donors (506; 86.1%) stated that they would like to donate blood in the future. The most common reason mentioned for not having donated blood so far was ‘never been asked to donate’. The potential motivating factors mentioned were ‘more information’ (40.5%) and ‘convenient location and time’ (27.9%). The reasons mentioned as barrier factors included ‘fear of HIV infection’ (27.0%) and ‘fear of damage to health’ (22.6%). There was a significant gap between the proportions of those with positive intention and those who had actually donated. Conclusions: Many potential barriers to donation were mentioned by the non-donors, which need to be addressed by the policy makers. There is a need for special focus on the college student population for voluntary blood donation.

Knowledge, attitude, and level of physical activity among medical undergraduate students in Delhi

Physical inactivity has been implicated as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The healthy lifestyle of medical students could facilitate the formation of healthy physicians who is more likely to give effective preventive counseling to their patients. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and pattern of the physical activity among the medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 161 eligible sixth semester medical undergraduate students. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. The data were fed and coded in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and Epi Info software of World Health Organization. Knowledge regarding different types of exercise and anthropometric variables was fairly low among the study participants. Only 9.3% of the students were aware of the recommended level of the physical activity but nearly all (96.27%) were aware of the benefits of it. The attitude of the participants toward the physical activity was favorable, yet only one-third (32.3%) subjects adhered to recommended guidelines. Boys (39.8%) were found to be significantly more active than girls (20.6%) (P = 0.01). The knowledge and practices regarding the physical activity was found to be low amongst the medical students. There is a need to provide an enabling environment for promoting the physical activity amongst them so that can inculcate the same in their patients.

Is Tobacco Use Associated With Academic Failure Among Government School Students in Urban India?

Not much is known about the academic correlates of tobacco use among students in developing countries. This study investigated associations between multiple forms of tobacco use, psychosocial risk factors, and academic failure among 10- to 16-year-old government school students in Delhi and Chennai, India. This study was a secondary analysis of data gathered from students in 7 government schools during a larger tobacco intervention trial in India. Mixed-effects regression analyses were carried out on a cross-sectional sample of 3799 students and a retrospective cohort of 2586 students. Data on tobacco use and risk factors were collected from self-reported student surveys in 2006 and 2004. Using school records, academic failure was defined as repeating the same grade level once or twice between 2004 and 2006. In 2006, academic failure was significantly more prevalent among students who reported use of chewing tobacco, bidis, or cigarettes, as compared with nonusers. Students with academic failure had greater social susceptibility and intentions for future tobacco use, and poor knowledge and self-efficacy for avoiding tobacco. Cohort analyses showed that students who had reported tobacco use in 2004 were more likely to have academic failure by 2006, as compared with nonusers. School health programs that incorporate tobacco control measures should be offered to government school students with poor academic outcomes in India, along with remedial education efforts. School-based longitudinal research is needed to assess effects of tobacco use in early adolescence on academic, social, and behavioral outcomes in later adolescence and young adulthood.

Bank Selection Criteria Employed by MBA Students in Delhi: An Empirical Analysis

This paper presents the factor influencing the choice criteria in respect of selecting a bank by MBA students. In particular, it finds those criteria, which have become significantly important in motivating the choice. A quantitative methodology, using responses given by three hundred and twelve students, is employed in the analysis. Findings show that reliability is a significant choice criterion, which includes employee’s courtesy, parking facility, loyalty programs, brand name, security system and low charges with the bank. Other factors, which have also increased in importance are the responsiveness, value added services and convenience. Assurance factors, such as speedy services, good rate of interest and zero balance account facility are also significant in importance in motivating choice of a bank.

Dental fluorosis and its association with the use of fluoridated toothpaste among middle school students of Delhi

Fluorosis can manifest as dental fluorosis (seen mostly in secondary dentition), skeletal fluorosis, and systemic fluorosis. Groundwater with high fluoride concentrations, diet rich in fish and tea, indoor air-pollution, and use of fluoride toothpastes may contribute considerably to total exposure. To assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and associated factors particularly fluoridated toothpastes, among middle school children of a resettlement colony in Delhi. This survey was conducted among the middle school students (VI th -VIII th ) studying in three government schools of Sangam Vihar, South Delhi. Students were examined for dental fluorosis by experts. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding age, source of drinking water, toothpaste used, etc. Height, weight, and hemoglobin were recorded. Two repeat visits were made. Out of 432 students enrolled in these schools, 413 students were examined. Descriptive and chi-square statistics were used. Dental fluorosis was prevalent in 121 (29.3%) study subjects. It was significantly more in children of age 13 years or above, in those who used fluoridated toothpaste for dental cleaning (P=0.033) and in anemic children (P<0.001). However, there was no significant association of disease with gender (P=0.02), source of drinking water (P=0.417), and with BMI (P=0.826). As dental fluorosis is very common (in about one-fourth) among the middle school children, in this resettlement colony of Delhi, various control measures e.g. discouraging the fluoridated toothpastes, educating parents about fluorosis, de-fluoridation of water in the high risk areas, etc may help to tackle this situation.

How Young People with Disabilities Conceptualize The Body, Sex and Marriage in Urban India: Four Case Studies

Historically in India as elsewhere in the world, there has been a deep-rooted cultural antipathy to persons with disabilities. They have been portrayed as medical anomalies, helpless victims and a lifelong burden for family and society. While today there is a general recognition in India of the need to enhance educational and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in order to promote economic self-reliance and independent living, their sexual needs, dreams and aspirations are more or less invisible. Sexual and reproductive rights are considered irrelevant for persons with disabilities. Using qualitative data, this paper discusses notions of sexual identity among urban Indian youth through four case studies of college students in Delhi. Gender emerges as a key analytical category in perceptions of sexuality among young men and women with visual and loco-motor disabilities. The paper does not claim to capture the complex reality of disabled sexuality in India, but highlights some key issues in a hitherto largely under-research domain. But the author’s analysis carries added value, since she herself has low vision; thus conferring a reflexive angle to the research.

Career aspirations and apprehensions regarding medical education among first year medical students in Delhi

Career aspirations and apprehensions regarding medical education among first year medical students in Delhi

AIDS/HIV and social work students in Delhi, India: an exploratory study of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors

This is an exploratory study designed to assess the level of knowledge about AIDS/HIV among social work students to determine their attitudes toward people with AIDS and homosexuals and to assess their perception of personal risk of contracting AIDS. The sample consisted of 284 social work students who were enrolled in graduate programs at two major universities in Delhi India during 1993-94. The information was collected anonymously using a questionnaire containing 45 items which included a 20-item knowledge test and 5 Likert type response scale. The results revealed that the students were particularly deficient in their knowledge about crucial areas of AIDS prevention. Although they were quite informed about AIDS they did not have adequate knowledge considering their focal position in the development and implementation of health care services to meet the social and psychological needs of AIDS-infected individuals. The attitude of the students was moderately positive toward people infected with AIDS but highly negative toward people who engaged in homosexual acts. The results of this study indicate the need for developing AIDS education programs that target men and that go beyond traditional approaches that provide one-shot information. The programs should prepare social work students by giving them a perspective that emphasizes males responsibility in contraception. They should also focus on the specific behavioral skills of men in dealing with embarrassment by making actual condom purchase a priority.

AIDS/HIV and University Students in Delhi, India

ABSTRACT Eight hundred eighty-seven students in social work, nursing, and humanities from two major universities in Delhi were compared regarding their knowledge about AIDS/HIV and attitudes toward PWAs and homosexuals. Their scores on the 20-item knowledge test indicate fair degree of knowledge; however, they lacked information in crucial areas of AIDS prevention and human sexual anatomy. Unmarried, female and older students and those in social work and nursing disciplines scored significantly higher on correct answers. Social work students were likely to be more positive in their attitudes toward AIDS victims than those in nursing or humanities. Knowledge was positively related to attitudes and perception of risk. Despite their awareness of personal risks only four in ten used condoms sometimes during intercourse. Educational strategies to increase cognitive and affective understanding of AIDS and its victims are discussed.

The impact of television viewing on the values orientations of Indian students: An individualist‐collectivist approach

The current study investigates the universality of value types as developed by Schwartz and Bilisky (1987, 1990) and evaluates the impact of television viewing on the value preferences expressed by students in Delhi, India. Results indicate that value types have acceptance across diverse cultures and that institutions such as television can have an impact on value orientation. In addition, compatibilities and incompatibilities among values within value types were found. Before the universal applicability of Schwartz and Bilisky's value types can be determined, however, further studies covering larger and more diverse samples must be undertaken.