Agricultural Science Students Research Articles

Management of Agricultural Education Teachers as a Correlate for Students’ Learning Outcome in Ekiti State Secondary Schools

This study examined the management of agricultural education teachers as a correlate for students’ learning outcome in Ekiti State secondary schools. The study specifically investigated Teachers’ Management Characteristics and Agricultural Science students’ learning outcome in Ekiti State secondary schools. The study also examined the relationship between Agricultural Science teachers’ management characteristics and students’ learning outcome in secondary schools in Ekiti State. It equally investigated students’ interest in studying Agricultural Science in Ekiti State secondary schools and determined the relationship between the secondary school location and students’ learning outcome. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the survey type. The population of the study comprised all the 607 teachers of agricultural science and 41,478 senior secondary school students of Agricultural Science in the 203 public secondary schools in Ekiti State. The sample for this study was 576 respondents, comprising Ninety-Six (96) Agricultural Science teachers and Four Hundred and Eighty (480) Agricultural Science students from twenty-four (24) secondary schools in Ekiti State. Multi stage procedure which involved purposive, simple random and stratified sampling techniques was used to select the sample for the study. Two set of instruments tagged “Teachers’ Management Characteristics Questionnaire (TMCQ)” and “Proforma on Students’ Learning Outcome (PSLO)” were used for the study. The three instruments were validated by experts. TMCQ had a reliability coefficient of 0.85. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics of Frequency Counts, Percentages, Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while the inferential statistics involving Pearson Product Moment were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the predominant management characteristics of Agricultural Science teachers in Ekiti State secondary schools were qualifications, teaching experience, teaching methods, gender, marital status and age. The study showed that the level of students’ learning outcome in Agricultural Science as well as students’ interest in studying Agricultural Science in Ekiti State secondary schools were moderate. Also, it was found that there was significant relationship between Agricultural Science teachers’ management characteristics and students’ learning outcome in Ekiti State secondary schools. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that management characteristics of Agricultural Science teachers were important factors that influenced students’ learning outcome in Agricultural Science in Ekiti State secondary schools. Teachers’ qualifications were the best predictor of students’ learning outcome in Agricultural Science in Ekiti State secondary schools among others. Qualified and experienced teachers should be employed to teach Agricultural Science at both junior and senior secondary schools levels. The veteran and experienced teachers should serve as mentor for the beginning teachers so as to ensure expected students’ learning outcome is achieved.

Young rural women students of agricultural sciences: do they not want or do not have the opportunity to be successors?

Resumo A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as intenções e perspectivas acerca da sucessão familiar das jovens mulheres estudantes dos cursos das ciências agrárias e áreas afins do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), no Campus Sertão. O artigo focou na discussão de gênero, buscando suprir uma lacuna em estudos sobre sucessão, já que é uma dimensão pouco examinada. Participaram da pesquisa 386 jovens mulheres rurais estudantes de cursos das ciências agrárias, as quais responderam um questionário fechado, elaborado com respostas em escala Likert de 5 pontos. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente no Programa para Análise Estatística de Dados Amostrados (PSPP), com análises descritiva e teste Chi-Square. Os resultados apontaram que as jovens mulheres encontram um ambiente familiar pouco favorável para serem sucessoras, especialmente por: receberem menos incentivo dos pais, sobretudo das mães, para permanecerem no campo e serem sucessoras; terem menos oportunidade de participação nas atividades operacionais e gerenciais da propriedade. Consequentemente, essas jovens têm menos interesse em serem gestoras e sucessoras da propriedade rural dos pais. A presente pesquisa concluiu que, mesmo que as jovens rurais desejassem ser sucessoras ou permanecer no campo, não é oportunizado a elas a mesma condição de igualdade, comparativamente aos jovens homens, para que se preparem e se sintam acolhidas ou desejadas como sucessoras.

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR AGROECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION AND AGROECOLOGY TOOLS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AZORES

Agroforestry systems have assumed increasing importance in the occupation of the territory of mainland Portugal in recent decades. These are systems that concern areas occupied by different forest species associated with plant and/or animal production activities. And why not introduce this system in the fruiticulture sector in the Azores, when there are an ecological perspective, aiming not only to maximize production, but to optimize the total agroecosystem, including its sociocultural, economic, technical and ecological components. While this production system is being initiated in the Azores, the University of the Azores works with agricultural science students reserches natural and sustainable resources in agriculture like seaweed, Aloes vera, food waste, ashes, animal manure, algaes, phytoplankton, to encourage students to make choices that do not harm the environment and to improve agricultural production.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING OF NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST ITEMS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA

The study examined the differential item functioning of National Examinations Council (NECO) Agricultural Science multiple choice test items (2015-2017) in South East Zone. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and ex-Post-Facto research design. Two null hypotheses were formulated and test in the study. The population of the study consisted of 10, 194 Agricultural Science students. Sample size of 728 Agricultural Science Senior Secondary School students (SSS III) were proportionately drawn from the 72 selected secondary schools that constituted the sample size of the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was NECO paper III questions constructed in 2015-2017.The instrument was re-validated by experts in Educational Measurement and Evaluation and Agricultural Extension Education. The data obtained was analysed using Kuder Richardson Formular 20 with reliability indices of 0.76. Data obtained for the study were analyzed using the Scheuneman modified Chi-square statistic to analyze all the research questions and chi-square statistic was employed in testing the null hypotheses. Results showed that that Agricultural Science multiple-choice test items used in NECO 2015-2017, contain test items that significantlyfunctioned differentially for testees on the basis of gender and that there was no significant difference between male and female students on the percentage of items which functioned differentially in the 2015-2017 NECO Agricultural Science multiple choice test examination. It was thus recommended among others that test experts and developers should consider the use of Scheuneman modified chi-square in determining differential item functioning.

EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

The performance of agricultural science students is consistently low as seen in their external examinations. This could be attributed to the poor teaching methods, materials and techniques applied in teaching the subject. This study determined the multimedia application effects on the academic achievement of Agricultural science students. It adopted a mixed-method design. All the students and teachers of Agricultural science in secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria formed the population but six schools with 583 students and teachers of agriculture formed the sample. Students’ Academic Achievement Test in Agricultural Science (SAATAS) and Convenience Teaching Method Questionnaire (CTMQ) were used to collect data. Mean, ANCOVA and Friedman's test were used for data analyses. Results indicated that students instructed using multimedia significantly performed higher than the students instructed using the conventional teaching method. The performance of males was not different from that of the females. The interaction between the teaching media and gender had a non-significant effect on the academic achievement of students. Moreover, teachers adopted note-taking, lecture, demonstration and project methods but did not use multimedia in teaching. Teachers of agriculture accepted that inconsistent power supply, poor network connectivity, and non-availability of computers, among others, were the problems hindering them from using multimedia in teaching. Keywords: academic achievement, mixed method design, multimedia, agricultural science, teaching and learning

Home farm experience and academic performance of senior secondary school students in Agricultural Science in Enugu State, Nigeria

The study sought to determine the relationship between home farming experience and the academic performance of senior secondary school students in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational research design. The population of the study was 52,787 students in the 285 government secondary schools in the state. The sample size of 396 for the study was estimated using the Taro Yameni formula. The data for the study were collected using two sets of questionnaires comprising the Home Farm Experience Questionnaire (HFEQ) and the Students’ Academic Performance Questionnaire (SAPQ). The HFEQ contained 30 items while the SAPQ contained 10 items. The questionnaires consisted of 4-point rating scales of strongly agreed, agreed, disagreed and strongly disagreed with assigned values with weights of 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The instruments were validated by 3 experts in Agricultural Education at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The reliability of the instruments was 0.78 for HFEQ and 0.75 for SAPQ. The reliability was established through a pilot study on 30 students offering agricultural science in secondary schools in Abia State and the response was analyzed using Cronbach alpha coefficient. Data generated were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation for the research question and simple regression for testing the null hypotheses. Results showed a very strong relationship between home farm experience in animal production, crop production and soil conservation and the academic performance of agricultural science students in senior secondary schools in Enugu State. It was recommended that the state government through her Ministry of Agriculture should empower families with inputs to encourage them in their homestead farming since it has been revealed that it enhanced students’ performance in agricultural science.

Security Measures in Meeting Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Agricultural Science Students in Nigerian Universities

Security measures play a significant role in the accessibility and use of agricultural information resources among undergraduate science students in Nigeria. This results in overcoming obstacles to valuable information required by agricultural students to cultivate their products that would replicate food substances in the Nigerian economy. Nonetheless, unauthorised individuals have pervaded access to information that is meant for agricultural science students due to a lack of security of such information. There are unlimited assets and products to which agricultural students have access; hence, this paper investigates security measures in meeting information needs and seeking behaviour of agricultural science students in Nigerian universities. The paper employed a qualitative research method based on the explanatory research method. In so doing, the use of a systematic literature review was adopted to examine the information needs and seeking behaviour of agricultural students in Nigeria and again to find out the security measures put in place to ensure valuable information and preventive approaches to unauthorised individuals are sustained. Using a purposive sampling technique, the authors collected articles published between 2015 and 2023 on databases of Emerald and ResearchGate for the review. Findings reveal that agricultural science students in Nigerian universities have a diverse range of preferred information sources. Findings further reveal that students engage in information-seeking behaviour for various purposes, such as course assignments, practical experiments, exam preparation, general reading, discussions, seminars, workshops, conferences, and research projects. Challenges in information-seeking behaviour include inadequate access to current information materials and uncooperative attitudes of librarians and lecturers. The study concludes that security measures are crucial in shaping how students access information. The study recommends that universities ensure a balance between print and electronic resources to cater to students’ varied preferences to accommodate comprehensive support for their research and studies in the university environment. This would enhance sustainable security measures and accessibility to varied information resources for the students.

Perception of Brazilian Agricultural Sciences Students on Animal Welfare: A Profile-based Approach

ABSTRACT The agricultural professionals are ethically obligated to provide good care for the animals under their care. We analysed Brazilian agricultural science students’ profiles based on their perceptions of animal welfare (AW). The survey included 239 students from agronomy, animal science, and veterinary courses in 44 universities. A factor analysis and a cluster analysis identified four students’ profiles. “The farm animal stewards” group (n= 79) focused their perceptions of AW on basic health and functioning as a basis for meat, wool, egg, and dairy production, while the “the industrial view” group (n= 15), in the profitability and economic factors. “The animal rights position” (n= 76), in the face of conflicting interests (animals vs. owners), perceive that the animal’s interest should prevail and give an equal treatment for all species. ”The balanced” group (n= 69) incorporates concepts from animal and human to explain their perceptions. The students’ perception of AW is multifaceted and influenced by value-based ideas about what is important or desirable for animals and all stakeholders. Scientific fields focusing on AW need to be emphasized within agricultural science curriculum.

COMPARISON OF EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURE STUDENTS BY GENDER AT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD-PAKISTAN

The research based on cross-sectional data was conducted to develop a comprehensive characterization of the situation of students in higher education. In this regard, analysis of differences in various gender-related socio-economic characteristics was conducted that may motivate future systematic annual analysis of tertiary education demographics. To address the purpose of the study, first of all, the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad was purposively selected as a study population. Next, primary data was collected through well designed and pretested questionnaire from randomly selected 185 total students of second semester during under-graduate academic session 2019-20. Descriptive statistics show that traditional opinion of rural-male centered agricultural education was no more present because now 40% of student body was coming from urban areas as well as enrollment of female students in agricultural sciences was also increasing. Results further show that in many aspects females enjoy near parity with males. Female students were comparatively spending less on food and mobile-related items during studies despite their higher income family status. Even female students were significantly surpassing males based on the previous school, college and first semester examinations. Comparatively higher proportion of females planning to continue agricultural education up to Ph.D implies that gender disparity in agricultural education is diminishing. Given forthcoming changes in the agrarian economy of Pakistan and the country being signatory to sustainable development goals, it is suggested that the government should enhance safe pick and drop facilities particularly to females to lessen disparities in agricultural education. Similarly, more job placements should be arranged to absorb forthcoming agriculture graduates in the market. Finally, large sample-based studies on finding the statistical relationships among socio-economic characteristics of agriculture graduates is also suggested to give input for the development of the agriculture sector of the country.

BovCria: an application designed to assist breeders in the assessment of beef cattle herds

The aim of this study was to develop a technological tool in the form of a mobile application that provides functionalities for the easy calculation of reproductive and productive efficiency indices. This tool aims to assist breeders, technicians, and students of agricultural sciences in decision-making for the challenges faced in cattle production systems. The application was developed using the Android Studio development environment and the Dart programming language framework known as Flutter. The application's graphical interface follows Google guidelines in the Material Design documentation. The tool will provide a practical way to calculate recognized indexes of productive efficiency of cow-calf systems and provide information such as goals and management tips to help users achieve better results. The impact of the developed product is its use as an information platform, facilitating decision-making in the area of beef cattle production and as an efficient means of disseminating technologies generated by research institutions and popularizing science. Thus, the application is an accessible and comprehensible tool, providing a means of evaluating the technologies and management practices adopted in beef cattle farms.

Does farming experience matter? A comparison of farm health and safety attitudes, perceptions, and intentions of agricultural science students with and without farming experience.

This study addresses two main questions: 'How does having the experience of farming influence college students' intrinsic motivations towards farm health and safety (FHS)?' and 'Are there any differences between the motivations reported by students with and without having such experience?'. This study seeks to investigate the role of farming experience in students' cognitive factors and intentions to evaluate whether sharing experiences and stories positively shape students' cognitive factors to perform FHS behaviours. A cross-sectional online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was assigned to a nationally representative sample of agricultural science students in Ireland (n= 430). Applying independent sample t-test and ANOVA test, multiple comparisons were made to examine if having the experience of farming affects FHS intrinsic motivations. This study illustrated students without farming experience are less likely to perceive farming as a dangerous occupation while they reported a slightly positive attitude and intention compared with their counterparts with experience of farming. Our study illustrated students with experience of farming gave a lower priority to FHS and control over safety behaviour (pessimistic approach) and they reported a slightly higher level of risk perception (optimistic perception). Having experience of farming (destructive experience - the experience of farming without having a near miss or injury or having heard of accidents, ie negative factors affecting students' motivations) may not be necessarily a positive factor as risk-taking is admitted as a norm and a part of the nature of the work. Conversely, having experience of FHS issues (constructive experience - any kind of farming experience that positively shapes students' motivations towards FHS) can positively shape attitude, perceptions, and intention. Therefore, we recommend that constructive experiences (positive affecting intrinsic motivations) should be incorporated into the FHS training of students through peer-to-peer sharing as this enhances attitudes, perceptions, and willingness of the majority of students.

The Future of English for Specific Purposes Classes Beyond the Pandemic Context as Seen by the Students of Agricultural Sciences

While English for Specific Purposes has been dealt with by researchers all over the world, the insertion of educational technology and online environment is a relatively new concept. This article explores the main aspects of an effective online ESP learning process during the 2019-2020 academic year within the split frame generated by the pandemic context. It also aims at setting the educational frame for the future of ESP classes from the standpoint of the freshmen of Agricultural Sciences. An online questionnaire was answered, its structure being underlined by aspects such as content and skill-related tasks, accessibility, motivation, engagement, educational environment, media and assessment. The use of specialization-related materials is positively adjusted towards the online ESP classes, whereas frequency usage of skill-related tasks shows more balanced values between on-site and online ESP classes. In terms of schedule flexibility, the online medium is the more manageable of the two. If the combination of online exercises, specialized sites, online apps and platforms is clearly the norm for the online ESP classes, on-site assessment is evaluated as being more accurate. Although the students’ answers are relatively balanced, the majority agreed that the online environment is the most suitable frame for the future ESP classes.

Effectiveness of Demonstration-Brainstorming on Student’s Performance in Agricultural Science

This study examined the comparative effects of demonstration and brainstorming methods on students’ performance in agricultural science in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Pre-test post-test quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 12770 SSII agricultural science students during 2017/2018 academic session in Zamfara State. A sample of 80 students (40 males and 40 females) was used as an intact class. Data was collected using a multiple-choice test consisting of 30-items developed by the researchers. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics in form of mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test analysis. The study results indicated that, there is no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female agricultural science students using demonstration method. But male students performed significantly better than their female counterparts in brainstorming method. Yet, both groups of the students significantly did better in demonstration method than in brainstorming method. The study recommends among others that, agricultural science teachers should always make use of demonstration in teaching agricultural science while governments through ministries of education should provide schools with necessary facilities needed for effective demonstration.

Attitude of Agricultural Science Students and their Parents toward Agricultural and Forestry Career in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Attitude of Agricultural Science Students and their Parents toward Agricultural and Forestry Career in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Distance Online Learning during the COVID-19 Crisis from the Perspective of Agricultural Sciences Students in Jordan: Survey Study

Educational practices and strategies have been changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Universities nowadays are adopting online education systems to ensure delivering of their educational information and knowledge. This study aims to evaluate the experience of the agricultural sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan with focus on their preparedness, attitude and barriers. Online survey was distributed to 559 students among four different majors at the College of Agriculture Sciences at Jerash University in Jordan. Data were collected via google forms. The results’ showed no gender differences in any of these domains. However, there was statistical significance difference barrier score, attitude score, and preparedness scores between different age groups. The results showed no statistical difference throughout our four departments in different levels of study. The results indicated that about 76 % of the students were satisfied with the quality of services offered from Jerash University during the COVID-19 lockdown. Student expressed negative impression with the practical session being online instead of being in the field. Finally, students mentioned the availability and the quality of network as a barrier for them to perform better and get higher grades. This new experience for students during pandemic lockdown identified areas for improvement that can done. Sharing the study results could help to enhance online education with similar settings in colleges throughout the country.

Burnout syndrome and remote learning strategies during the pandemic of COVID-19: a longitudinal study of Agrarian Sciences students

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to evaluate the levels of Burnout Syndrome (BS) in Agricultural Sciences students, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Design/methodology/approach We accessed 77 students for Burnout Syndrome using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) on two occasions, the first in February and the second in October 2020. Sixty-three students completed both phases. The data were analyzed in a mixed factorial scheme (Three-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Findings Academic efficacy improved over time without interference of sex or physical activity frequency (p < 0.001). The emotional exhaustion domain significantly reduced over time in women who declared to practice physical activity (p = 0.037). A similar effect was observed in both men and women for the cynicism domain (p < 0.001). Online teaching strategies and the regular practice of exercise were associated to reduced levels of BS during the pandemic. Practical implications The adoption of the emergency remote education system (ERE) associated with the practice of exercise can mitigate the harmful effects of the COVID-19 quarantine on the mental health of students. Theoretical implications The ERE can be an effective strategy to mitigate BS levels in Agricultural Science students in the post-pandemic period. Originality/Value This is the first study that presents results of BS in students of Agricultural Sciences, comparing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comparative Performance of Senior Secondary School Agricultural Science Students in Zaria and Sabon Gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Comparative Performance of Senior Secondary School Agricultural Science Students in Zaria and Sabon Gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Comparative Effects of Demonstration Method and Blending Learning on Academic Achievement and Interest of Agricultural Science Students in Nsukka Education Zone of Nigeria

The study focused on the comparative effects of demonstration method and blended learning on the achievement and interest of Agricultural Secondary School Student in Nsukka. Two research questions guided the study while two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quasi experimental design, specifically pre-test and post-test group was adopted. The sample for the study was 80 SSII Students comprised of males and females from intact class. The two classes were randomly assigned experimental group I and II. The experimental group one was taught with demonstration method while experimental group II were taught with blended learning and. The treatment lasted for four weeks. The instruments for data collection were Agricultural Achievement Test (AAT) comprising thirty questions and Interest Inventory. The two instruments used for data collection were validated by three experts all from Department of Agricultural Education. The reliability of the instruments was established using Cronbach alpha for AAT and Kudder-Richardson 20 for AII. AAT and AII yielded a coefficient of 0.74 and 0.77 respectively. Mean, standard deviation and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data collected for the study. Findings of the study revealed that blended learning enhanced students’ achievement and interest in Agricultural science more than demonstration method. Furthermore, the tested hypotheses revealed that there was significant different between the effects of demonstration and blended learning on students’ interest in Agricultural science. Hence, the study recommended amongst others that; that the federal ministry of education should provide internet facilities in secondary schools to ensure blended learning is incorporated as to improve achievement and interest of students and also state government should organize workshops, in-service training programme for teachers so that they would be conversant in the use of blended learning.

Development of self-regulated learning: a longitudinal study on academic performance in undergraduate science

ABSTRACT Background Self-regulated learning (SRL) encompasses the strategies and behaviours that allow students to transform cognitive abilities into task-specific academic skills. Research in higher education has found a relationship between SRL and academic outcomes. However, whether SRL improves as students gain educational experience in undergraduate science has not been adequately studied. It is also unclear whether traditionally strong predictors of academic performance, such as the Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank (ATAR), and science background, remain strong in the later stages of a science degree. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SRL changes over time in undergraduate science, and whether SRL, the ATAR, or a student’s science background predicted their academic performance. Sample The sample comprised a cohort of agricultural science students (n = 213) from a large Australian University followed longitudinally from 2018 to 2020. Design and methods Students completed a questionnaire to assess SRL in their first and third years of undergraduate study. They also completed a knowledge survey at the start of first year to assess confidence in scientific material. Analyses revealed that students’ SRL increased over the degree, but not over a single semester of first year. Additionally, it was found that students’ average semester marks were related to knowledge survey scores, and with students’ ATARs, but not with their SRL. Conclusion These results indicate that the academic aptitudes that contribute to academic success in high school continue to be advantageous through to the end of undergraduate study, but also suggest that students’ initial scientific confidence may be particularly important to long-term university success.

Assessment of the Level of Knowledge of Climate Change of Undergraduate Science and Agriculture Students

Introduction of climate change (CC) courses in universities is critical for helping future generations and leaders in recognizing the global challenges of CC and finding ways for adapting with it. People's knowledge of CC can influence success of any planned CC mitigation and adaptation programs and activities. Thereupon, it is vital for environmental planners and researchers to conduct regular assessments of this knowledge to determine need for curriculum reform, if any. This study was conducted to assess the level of CC knowledge of undergraduate physical science and agricultural science students in Jarash University, Jordan. The study used specifically-designed Climate Change Knowledge Test (CCKT) as the data collection tool. Population of the study was undergraduate science and agriculture students enrolled in the Faculty of Agriculture and Science. The study sample consisted of 285 students, comprising 103 science students and 182 agriculture students. The results indicate that the sample students have high levels of knowledge of the nature, causes, and effects of CC. However, on the average, a higher number of the sample students posses knowledge of effects of CC (n = 223, % = 79.3%) than its nature (209, 73.5%) and causes (190, 66.9%). Additionally, it was found that the female students have higher levels of overall CC knowledge than their male peers and that the agriculture students possess higher levels of CC knowledge than their science peers. These results emphasize the need for curriculum review and reform to ensure equipping the university graduates with comprehensive knowledge of CC.