Student Hostel Research Articles

БОЛЕЗНИ POPULUS ALBA L. В БОТАНИЧЕСКОМ САДУ ТУВИНСКОГО ГОСУНИВЕРСИТЕТА

Poplars are used for landscaping residential areas, urban conglomerates and highways. Pathogenic microflora was revealed and studied in the zone of greening of the introduced plant - silver poplar in the conditions of dry steppes of the Republic of Tuva. A detailed examination revealed various types of lesions: leaves, branches, bark and trunk. The species composition of diseases of the infecting plant was up to ten. At the facade of student hostel No. 4, lesions of the tree trunk by the pathogen Cytospora foetida Vl. et For. In mixed crops of silver poplar among plantings of other plants near the facade of the archive, lesions of Septoria populi Desc., Virus VTM., Septoria candida, Desc. In the shelterbelt of the training and experimental field, there were leaf spots of Marssonina populi and Septoria populi Desc. In the façade of the Faculty of Philology, symptoms of Nicola salisus Wint. f. populorum Radh, Melampsora tremulae, Taphrina aurea For., Allocasuarina fraseriana (Miq.) L. A. S. Johnson. Psedomonas guercus Schem., Hypoxylon pruinatum Pon., heavily polluted with soot emissions during the heating season, mechanical damage, frost cracks were found on the facade of the Faculty of Agriculture. The reason is the northeast wind. The microflora of pathogens causing harm to silver poplar showed that the development and spread of diseases are not significant, reaching two points on the damage scale. The value of the index of development of pathogenic microflora indicates the beginning of the process of infection of poplars in the landscaped area of the student quarter of the city of Kyzyl. The annual preventive health measures contributed to the reduction in the development of lesions. Thus, in the green zone of the student quarter of Tuva State University, phytosanitary measures are regularly carried out to improve plantings of silver poplar and other plants.

Working Experiences of Women Working in Student Hostels: Niğde Case

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Niğde merkezde bulunan 5 ayrı öğrenci apartında çalışan kadınların işgücü piyasasındaki deneyimlerini ve bunun toplumsal rollerine etkisini etnografik yönteme göre araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, Ekim 2021 ve Haziran 2022 tarihinde katılımcı gözlem ve 2022’nin Şubat ve Mart aylarında 13 çalışan kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde kadınların maddi imkânlarının yetersizliğinin işgücü piyasasına katılma sürecinde birincil rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Çalışma yaşamı, kadınların toplumsal benliğini inşa etme biçimlerini değiştirmektedir. Kadınlar kamusal alana dâhil oldukça bireysellikleri, sosyalleşmeleri ve özgüvenleri de artmaktadır. Çalışma yaşamı kadının güçlenmesinde etkin rol oynamasına rağmen ev içi işlerde iş bölümünün olmamasından dolayı toplumsal rollerinin değişmesi yönünde bazı dirençlerin olduğu da görülmüştür. İşlerine dair problemlerle baş etmede kadınlar iki strateji gütmektedirler: 1) probleme odaklanmak ve çözülene kadar çaba göstermek; 2) problemin işverene taşınması durumunda sessiz kalmak. İşten çıkarılma korkusu susma nedenlerinden sayılabilir. Çalışma ortamında takım ilişkisinin olduğu, işverenin erkek olduğu durumlarda etkileşimlerin mesafeli, işverenlerin kadın olduğu durumlarda birincil ilişkilerin kurulduğu ve öğrencilerle duygusal emeği ifade eden ailevi bağların tesis edildiği keşfedilen bulgular arasındadır.

ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТА В СТУДЕНЧЕСКИХ ОБЩЕЖИТИЯХ

Separate stages and in general the life cycle of capital construction objects are regulated by the requirements of regulatory documents. They establish the basic provisions and rules that must be followed both during the development of the project and in the process of further construction and operation.
 Student dormitories are characterized by special operating conditions and have characteristic features associated with the repair and restoration work. To take into account these features, a number of research problems have been solved. Among them: analysis of regulatory and technical documentation; study and comparison of the concepts of hostel in different years; generalization of the concept of hostel; formation of the definition of student hostel.
 Improving the level of comfortable living in student dormitories of federal state educational organizations of higher education by carrying out major repairs is defined as an urgent and promising state task, implemented on the basis of program-targeted methods, as it is designed to ensure modern standards of life and education for students.

An innovative type of module-to-core wall connections for high-rise steel modular buildings

High-rise steel modular buildings are normally designed and constructed using a structural system that consists of cast-in-situ concrete for the stability core and steel-framed volumetric modules for residential areas. In such systems, various connections, such as the module-to-core wall (M2C) connection, play a critical role in the lateral loading transfer and structural response. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the mechanical behaviours of M2C connections in high-rise buildings under dominant lateral effects. This study aims to develop an innovative fully bolted type of M2C connection to address lateral loads, such as the strong wind effects of high-rise buildings. This study was conducted by combining a comprehensive literature review of connection designs of high-rise steel modular buildings and a case study using a 31-storey student hostel building in Hong Kong. Under monotonic sliding and cyclic loading, the developed type of M2C connection was found to have good mechanical properties. The resistance of the developed connection was found to be governed by the bending capacity of the steel beams of the modules under cyclic loading, whereas the failure of the developed connection resulted from the shear failure of the anchor rods under monotonic sliding. Four design principles were proposed for the developed connection type to improve its capacity and ductility. The findings should provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance to design M2C connections in high-rise steel modular buildings. • High-rise steel modular buildings present mixed-type deformation under lateral loads. • Semi-rigid conceptual model was proposed for module-to-core-wall connections based on deformation and stiffness property. • An innovative fully bolted module-to-core-wall connection was developed with construction efficiency. • The developed module-to-core-wall connection type was examined with good mechanical properties. • Four design principles were proposed for module-to-core-wall connections in steel modular buildings.

Circadian changes in the hindgut bacterial composition of the American cockroaches, Periplanata americana (Dictyoptera, Blattodea)

The gut of American cockroaches, Periplanata americana hosts numerous symbionts that help in digestion and synthesis of many substances. The hindgut of cockroaches is unique in that it harbors higher number of microbes than other parts of the insect’s gut. Unlike gut enzymes activities, little is known about the daily pattern of the gut microbiota. Newly emerged adult American cockroaches collected from student hostel were used for this study. The hindgut microbial composition was examined at four periods of the day (6am, 12pm, 6pm and 12am) using Pour Plate Methods. The results showed that highest colony forming units (cfu) of the hindgut were recorded at 6:00pm (19.28 × 106 cfu/ml) followed by 6:00am (13.85 × 106 cfu/ml) while 12:00pm (3.02 × 106 cfu/ml) had the least. Also, a total of five (5) different bacteria (Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter sp. and Escherichia coli) were isolated from the hindgut of the cockroaches. The most predominant of these bacterial isolates from the hindgut were Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus while the least isolated organism was Citrobacter sp. Hence, there was circadian variation in the microbial composition of the hindgut of Periplaneta americana.

Treatment of domestic greywater using fly ash as an adsorbent incorporated in a slow sand filtration system

AbstractThis study investigated the use of fly ash for treatment of domestic greywater when incorporated in a small-scale slow sand filtration (SSF) system. The system was designed, constructed, and tested for treating domestic grey water for irrigation purposes. Configuration A of the system contained sand and gravel only, while configuration B contained fly ash, sand, and gravel. The greywater samples used to test the designed system were collected from the student hostels at the Copperbelt University in Zambia. Additionally, physical and chemical characterisation of the fly ash was done and all key characteristics are presented under the results and discussion section. The system that contained fly ash considerably improved the greywater quality for irrigation purposes by reducing turbidity by 95%, colour by 98%, and chloride by 49% and increasing dissolved oxygen by 33%. However, pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were observed to be slightly higher in the treated greywater effluent. The slight increase in these parameters is suspected to have been caused by possible leaching from the the fly ash. Therefore, obtaining fly ash from sources that may not cause any increase in the said parameters in the treated effluent is recommended to maintain compliance with irrigation water quality.

Influence of different anionic charges on lead compounds in the remediation of lead by Eleusine indica (Gaertn)

The study was carried out to investigate the remediative capacity of Eleusine indica in lead-polluted soil. Soil samples were collected near student hostel (hall 5) in the University of Benin. The soil samples were sun dried to constant weight and was pulverized with wooden roller and sieved with a hand sieve of 2 mm mesh size. The sieved soil was spiked with 0.625 g lead nitrate (PbNO3), lead sulphate (PbSO4), lead carbonate (PbCO3), lead acetetrahydrate (PbC2H6) and lead chloride (PbCl2) separately in three replicate using aqueous standard solutions. Tillers of Eleusine Indica were placed in the metal – polluted soil immediately and the experiment was allowed to stay for 15 weeks. The result showed that the uptake efficiency for Eleusine indica in both shoots and roots for lead nitrate was 0.016% and 0.8%, lead sulphate 0.016 % and 0.352 %, lead carbonate 0.064% and 0.496 %, lead acetetrahydrate 0.032 % and 0.688 %, and lead chloride 0.08 % and 0.72 % respectively, indicating that the plant might have sequestered the metal in the soil rather than accumulating it in the leaves. This was evident in the presentation of the metal sequestration factor of over 70 % irrespective of the nature of the metal. Microbial count of soil before and after contamination with lead nitrate was 1.9×104 and 0.4×104 cfu/g indicating a reduction. The study therefore revealed that Eleusine indica is ahigh efficient plant in sequestering lead in polluted soil.

Designing a Hostel in the Touristic Complex of Quri-Gol Lake near Tabriz, Iran

Quri-Gol Lake is located in East Azerbaijan province, southeast of Tabriz City, next to the main highway of Tabriz-Tehran. This beautiful region, due to its special and outstanding features, can serve for the development of the tourism sector and ecotourism of the province. The hostel is a cheap and comfortable accommodation, which provides simple and inexpensive food, accommodation, and facilities for passengers who have travelled during the holidays. There are four types of hostels: student hostels, single hostels, workers hostels, and youth hostels. This hostel is designed near Quri-Gol Lake, where all the rooms have beds, closets, toilets, bathrooms, and balconies with a beautiful view of the lake. This article aims to study the different kinds and standards of hostels and also the potential of Quri-Gol Lake as an appropriate location for designing a hostel. The methodology of this survey is qualitative and quantitative, using reliable first-hand resources and references.

Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in The Design of Student Hostel at Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

Buildings are designed to offer protection to the occupants against harshoutdoor environment thereby enhancing optimal indoor comfort. Overthe years, there have been a rise in population of students applying foradmission into tertiary institution, which has led to an increase in thenumber of students that resides at the university hostel. These rise in thenumber of students, has brought about overcrowding and stretching offacilities, with spaces which were originally intended for four students arenow been habited by six to eight students thereby causing imbalance inthe general indoor climatic condition. The study is aimed at investigatingthermal comfort in student’s accommodation in tertiary institutionstowards achieving a better thermal condition in the hostel environment.The objective is to evaluate the thermal performance in the student hostelaccommodation, and also to identify passive ways of controlling thermalperformance in student dwelling buildings at Federal University ofTechnology Minna main campus, Gidan Kwano. For the purpose of thisresearch work, primary data were collected through the use questionnaire,case studies and observation. Secondary data were collected from availableliterature, internet, and studying of similar existing facilities. The studyrevealed that most student hostel possessed few elements of passive coolingtechnique which in turn deprives students a quality conducive environment.The research recommends that soft landscaping elements should be adoptedand deciduous trees planted in the environment for cooling effect duringhot and humid period, provision of two openings in each room if possible.This can be achieved through proper building orientation, use of highthermal mass to reduce heat absorption, use of high thermal mass withnight cooling, roof, ceiling and attic insulation. Designing in a hot climatearea requires lots of consideration, which is mentioned above so as toincorporate a general conducive indoor thermal comfort for the users.

Post Occupancy Evaluation of Students’ Satisfaction with Hostel Facilities in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria

The study focuses on post occupancy evaluation of students’ satisfaction with hostels facilities in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State with a view to determine factors that promote users’ satisfaction with the hostel facility in terms of its services/amenities provided, structural features, environmental features, accommodation details and locational attributes. The hostel is wholly under the management and control of the Polytechnic. Four Hundred and Sixty (460) respondents were taken as the sample size for the study. 28 structured questionnaires were administered to the workforce of the hostel management using purposive sampling while 432 structured questionnaires were administered to the students occupying the school hostel. A total of 341 (74%) questionnaires was returned and found valid for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency distribution table, Weighted Mean Score (WMS) and Relative Importance Indexes (RII). Findings revealed that there were mixed levels of satisfaction with elements of student hostel facilities. There was a strong indication of satisfaction with the environmental features compared to the other four elements of the hostel facilities. The students were dissatisfied with facilities either because they are inadequate in number or quality or because of the location. The study recommends that the polytechnic management should ensure that facilities that aid students' academic performance should be prioritized. This will help to improve the satisfaction level among students with hostel facilities.

Probabilistic approach for health hazard assessment of trihalomethanes through successive showering events.

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are common disinfection by-products in chlorinated tap waters. They can cause various cancers and non-cancer health hazards. Ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation are the three exposure routes considered in the THM hazard or risk assessments. Among these, inhalation hazard is generally calculated by assuming the initial concentration as zero. This assumption fails to address the case of continuous or successive showers that can happen in shared showering facilities such as student hostels or gymnasiums. In the present study, the leftover THM concentration from the previous bath was considered to assess the chronic daily intakes (CDI) and hazard index (HI) for successive showers. For this, tap water of a university campus was analyzed to understand the extent of THM exposure at consumer points and the result obtained was used for the hazard assessment. Total THM concentrations varied from 0.51 to 68.9µg L-1. To address the variability of the model input parameters, 50,000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulation were carried out. Maximum HI values of 7.94E - 02 ± 3.63E - 02, and 6.69E - 02 ± 3.08E-02 were observed for the 1st shower for females and males, respectively. This value increased exponentially up to the 5th shower and thereafter, the value was constant. The methodology followed in the present study successfully determines the risk and hazard of THMs through successive showers.

AN EXPLORATION OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE DESIGN OF ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, MUBI

People across the world face growing insecurity, violent conflict spreading and intensifying and the natural systems on which human life depends on, is in jeopardy. Also, today the security condition of student hostel has become one of the major challenges facing Nigerian institutions, with continual media coverage of the state of insecurity of the students’ hostel, level of theft, burglary, abductions, and kidnappings. This research set out to proffer solutions to the rising insecurity challenges in the students’ hostel. This was achieved through the development of a framework from CPTED, on architectural strategies used to deter crime from thriving in the students’ hostel environment. A user perception survey was carried out using questionnaire issued to occupants of the various hostels. A case study was also carried out using visual survey and checklist to identify safety and security inadequacies in the buildings. Findings from questionnaire and case study revealed that the perceived level of safety was higher in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, then University of Maiduguri and least perception of students’ safety and security seen in Adamawa State University, Mubi. Hence, confirming the need to improve the impediment of variables like perimeter control, building configuration, external wall design, window design and site planning and layout, in respect to CPTED principles in the design of student hostel buildings in Nigeria.

AN EXPLORATION OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE DESIGN OF ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, MUBI

People across the world face growing insecurity, violent conflict spreading and intensifying and the natural systems on which human life depends on, is in jeopardy. Also, today the security condition of student hostel has become one of the major challenges facing Nigerian institutions, with continual media coverage of the state of insecurity of the students’ hostel, level of theft, burglary, abductions, and kidnappings. This research set out to proffer solutions to the rising insecurity challenges in the students’ hostel. This was achieved through the development of a framework from CPTED, on architectural strategies used to deter crime from thriving in the students’ hostel environment. A user perception survey was carried out using questionnaire issued to occupants of the various hostels. A case study was also carried out using visual survey and checklist to identify safety and security inadequacies in the buildings. Findings from questionnaire and case study revealed that the perceived level of safety was higher in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, then University of Maiduguri and least perception of students’ safety and security seen in Adamawa State University, Mubi. Hence, confirming the need to improve the impediment of variables like perimeter control, building configuration, external wall design, window design and site planning and layout, in respect to CPTED principles in the design of student hostel buildings in Nigeria.

Indoor Environmental Comfort in Student Hostel at Malaysia’s Public University: A Literature Review

This paper aimed to review existing literature on student hostel building facilities and its room’s indoor environmental comfort condition in Malaysia’s public university. This study is structured by brief analysis on relevant studies located globally and subsequently, focusing more on studies located in Malaysia. An overview of the subject matter is presented to provide insight. These are supported by reviews of published papers from the last 15 years (2005-2020) in relevancy to the subject area which includes important sub-areas. The literature search was conducted via academic search engines such as Google Scholar, Taylor and Francis Online, ResearchGate, Emerald Insight, Academia, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. Terms relevant to the subject area such as “Student Hostel”, “Hostel”, “Hostel Facilities”, “Student Accommodation”, “University Accommodation” and “University Facilities” are used for the literature search using the academic search engine. In achieving a more accurate search specific to a University’s student accommodation (hostel building), a manual filtration was conducted to comb through the search results achieved from the academic search engines. The result of this literature review is a brief compilation of 18 global studies and focused on 29 studies in Malaysia, which are further classified/ grouped to form the structure of the paper. The review covers sub-areas such as building occupant’s indoor environment health-related issues, comfort, and satisfaction. This review is significant and necessary as its input function as a continuous monitoring study for this field, enriching the current body of knowledge and may be a point of reference for future studies.

Influences of disposable wastewater addition on biodegradation of pretreated solid waste

The study aims to describe and compare the impact of disposable wastewater addition on biodegradation of biological pretreated solid waste in bioreactor landfills. Two pilot-scale lysimeter landfills were constructed and loaded with pretreated waste and highly alkaline disposable wastewater – namely greywater from student hostel kitchen sinks and wastewater from sewer lines – was added into the lysimeters. The pilot-scale lysimeters were operated for 270 days with leachate recirculation, in the typical ambient temperature of New-Delhi, India. The leachate samples were obtained and then monitored for temporal variations of pH, oxidation–reduction potential, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, chloride, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia–nitrogen (NH3–N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen and gas production. The addition of wastewater to pretreated waste was found to facilitate the onset of methanogenesis and an increase in pH. The methanogenesis was observed for about a month later in the lysimeter to which greywater was added, which resulted in reduced gas production compared to that of the lysimeter fed with wastewater. After 270 days of operation, total quantities of leachate contaminants (BOD5, COD, and NH3–N) were found significantly reduced in the wastewater-fed lysimeter compared to the values found in the greywater-fed lysimeter. This comprehensive study suggested that feeding with wastewater has multiple benefits for enhancing the biodegradation processes of pretreated waste in bioreactor landfills.

Background concentration of indoor air quality in hostel rooms during varying conditions

The indoor air pollutants in student hostel room during eight different conditions were evaluated.One minute interval of TVOC, CO2, CO, O3 concentrations, temperature and relative humidity weremeasured inside a vacant hostel room of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Four fan speeds of 0, 1, 3 and5 and the installed window being open and close were selected as the basis to determine thecondition inside the hostel room. Result suggested that the concentrations of indoor air pollutantswere below the maximum permissible values outlined by Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor AirPollutants except for O3, with maximum concentration are 576 ppb (TVOC), 666 ppm (CO2), 4.4ppm (CO) and 90 ppb (O3). The hourly trend of TVOC and CO2 concentrations with peakconcentrations were observed in the morning (8 a.m.) due to outdoor traffic emission which greatlyinfluenced the indoor pollutants variation. Meanwhile, O3 showed some delay in time to reach peakconcentrations that were observed at 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. Result indicate that the conditions set upwere incapable in the regulation of indoor pollutants variation since these pollutants are moredependent with the source of emission and destruction factors.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on International Students Observing Self Quarantine and Physical Distancing

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which spread across the globe has no effective treatment or vaccine and calls for other ways to control its infection are needed. The disease easily spread among people in close contact through cough and/or sneeze. This prompted the World Health Organisation WHO to recommend other ways of controlling the disease to include quarantine, isolation and social distancing where people without the symptoms are distanced from one another. Students may experience loneliness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia due to self-quarantine and other issues like social isolation, perceived dangers, uncertainty in relation to study, physical discomfort, fear of virus infection from others, negative news in the mass media. As such, international students who are far from home were invited as respondents to explore the effect of these control measure on those under self-quarantine. A qualitative online interview protocol was sent to the locations of these students at Sungai Chinchin in Gombak and international student hostel Sabah. To be eligible, respondents should be international students and observing self-quarantine.

Implementation of ISO 9001:2015 in a Student Hostel: The Interested Parties' Perspective

ISO 9001 is a wide-implemented quality management system (QMS) standard. It was implemented in all sectors, including hospitality. However, previous research exposed the lack of research on ISO 9001 at institutional establishments, e.g., students' hostels. Thus, this study was conducted to bridge this gap in hospitality literature. This study explores the perspectives of interested parties- customers (students), employees and managers towards the implementation of ISO9001: 2015 at a student's hostel. Based on a constructive worldview, this study used an exploratory case study design. Multiple methods were used for collecting data from three groups of stakeholders', namely customers (students) (n=334); employees (n=150) via self-administrative questionnaires and managers/ directors and supervisors (n= 17) via structured interview. Sampling techniques included a random sample for students, surveying for employees, and purposive sampling for managers and supervisors. Quantitative data obtained from questionnaires were statistically analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data was thematically analyzed. The results revealed that the interested parties- customers (students) and employees have an important role in the implementation of ISO 9001. In addition, the qualitative analysis underlined the main perceived barriers and benefits for implementation of ISO 9001 at the students' hostel. One limitation of this study is the nature and design of the study which utilized case study. Thus, findings cannot be generalized for other institutions. This study is the first on students' hostels in developing context. It contributes to the literature by filling in the gap of ISO9001in welfare and non-profitable establishments. This may guide future research on this era in hospitality industry.

Analysis and Design of Water Distribution Network Using EPANET: A Case Study of HSTU Campus of Dinajpur, Bangladesh

This paper represents the analysis and design of the Water Distribution Network (WDN) system using EPANET for Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Supply of water is essentially required for academic, administrative, student hostel and residential buildings according to their occupancies. Water supply system with sufficient pressure head and technical sustainability is nowadays a challenging task for the researcher, respected authority and government tackling the crisis in provided safe water due to the rapid increase in population. EPANET is a public domain software developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which is used widely to design and analysis of water supply network system with reference to technical sustainability. HSTU is a renowned public university located at northern part of Bangladesh having 89 acres campus area and population around Ten Thousand (2020) including teachers, students and staffs. Present Water Distribution System in HSTU campus has been found inadequate to cover the total campus and most the building has individual suction pump. In recent future such types of water distribution network system in HSTU may or may not be suitable. Hence, this study is all about the analysis and design of a new water distribution network and provide conclusion about the suitability of the network for recent future. Various public demands, quantities of inflows and out flows of the over-head reservoir are taken into consideration during the analysis. Study materials are to be used for this study include HSTU campus plan, network parameters such as block wise population, and water demand, elevations, pipe length and EPANET software. An extended period simulation of water distribution network system is carried out during the analysis using EPANET. This study is carried to provide the knowledge about various demands, pressure head, pipe flow and diameter, head losses and a new network of supply will make aware of the new demands. Water distribution network system design using EPANET will provide an overall improvement over the existing network and evaluate the supply network for future.

COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study (C19 ISWS) in Hungary

The COVID-19 outbreak has had great psychological and social impacts, not just on the marginalized population but on the general population as well (Wang et al. 2020). Changing life circumstances and daily routines, job losses, an uncertain existence, etc. make people’s lives more difficult. The COVID-19 outbreak is likely to have a notable impact on student life as well, as the latter have had to face many challenges (Sahu 2020) such as studying via e-learning methods, online exams, possibly losing their jobs, and financial problems (such as paying tuition fees). International students have moved back to their homeland or live in an isolated way in student hostels, maintaining social distance far away from their families and close friends. So far, only a few studies have been carried out to analyze how COVID-19 has affected students’ lives (Sahu 2020, Wenjun et al. 2020, Wong et al. 2007).