Student Travel Research Articles

СТУДЕНЧЕСКИЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ С.И. ТУРГЕНЕВА: ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ ОПЫТ И ЕГО ПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЕ В ДНЕВНИКАХ 1811 г.

The article is written on the material of the unpublished diaries of Sergei Ivanovich Turgenev (1792–1827) and focuses on two journeys he made in 1811 while studying at the University of Göttingen: to the Harz and to Holland. The former is a special type of student travel that developed in the German “Bursch” environment and had its own stable routes and behavioral “rituals”. The curriculum of the University of Göttingen had a special course on travel; therefore, for university students, hiking in the Harz was part of the unwritten compulsory “program”. The relative proximity of the Harz to Göttingen, its connection with German history, and the beauty of its nature made it an attractive destination for an educational trip that allowed combining the useful with the pleasant. However, the concept “useful”, when applied to the Harz, changed at the turn of the 19th century. The amateur interest in natural history and mineralogy led to a shift in focus from the description of historical monuments to the natural sciences. The Harz began to be considered primarily as a geological phenomenon and a place of mining, which also determined the plans for its exploration. This focus on natural science is evident in the recordings of Sergei Turgenev’s elder brothers, Alexander and Nikolai, who also studied in Göttingen and visited the Harz several years earlier. The described context allows seeing the peculiarities of Sergei Turgenev’s perception of the Harz. He went there solely for pleasure, did not prepare for the journey in any way, and wrote down his impressions only to satisfy Alexander Turgenev’s request of a report on the trip from his younger brother. For this purpose, Sergei “literated” some of his notes based on his travel diary. Lacking pragmatic information, he tried to compensate for it with “sensitive” reasoning and poetic quotations. The somewhat artificial literary character of the text is balanced by the vivid details and sketches of momentary everyday situations. Sergei Turgenev did not post-process his travel notes on the trip to Holland. The notes show that, within just a few months, Sergei Turgenev’s perception of the European space changed. The entertaining “Bursch” transformed, according to his own words, into an “inquisitive” traveler from Stern’s “classification”. He looks at the Dutch, who then recently became new subjects of the French Empire; watches their preparations for Napoleon’s arrival; is surprised at the degree of their loyalty to the foreign ruler; and ponders the question of how much this loyalty depends on citizens’ well-being. The trip to Holland leads Sergei Turgenev, upon his return to Göttingen, to reading Adam Smith, on the one hand; on the other hand, it gives a start to the reasoning, which goes through all his later diaries and letters, on constitutionalism, on the nature of revolutions, and on the need for modernization reforms in Russia.

JUE Insight: College student travel contributed to local COVID-19 spread

Due to the suspension of in-person classes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, students at universities with earlier spring breaks traveled and returned to campus while those with later spring breaks largely did not. We use variation in academic calendars to study how travel affected the evolution of COVID-19 cases and mortality. Estimates imply that counties with more early spring break students had a higher growth rate of cases than counties with fewer early spring break students. The increase in case growth rates peaked two weeks after spring break. Effects are larger for universities with students more likely to travel through airports, to New York City, and to popular Florida destinations. Consistent with secondary spread to more vulnerable populations, we find a delayed increase in mortality growth rates. Lastly, we present evidence that viral infection transmission due to college student travel also occurred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessing the Rationality and Walkability of Campus Layouts

Walking has become an indispensable and sustainable way of travel for college students in their daily lives and improving the walkability of the college campus will increase the convenience of student life. This paper develops a new campus walkability assessment tool, which optimizes the Walk Score method based on the frequency, variety, and distance of students’ walking to and from public facilities. The campus Walk Score is the product of four components. A preliminary score is calculated through 13 types of facility weight and 3 types of cure of time-decay, and the final score also factors in intersection density and block length. We examine the old and new campuses of Tianjin University to test the tool’s application and evaluate the rationality of facility layout and walkability, and to give suggestions for improvement. The results show that the old campus’ multi-center layout has a high degree of walkability, while the centralized layout of the new campus results in lower walkability. In addition, the diversified distribution of facilities surrounding the old campus promotes the walkability of peripheral places. This assessment tool can help urban planners and campus designers make decisions about how to adjust the facility layout of existing campuses in different regions or to evaluate the campus schemes based on the results of their walkability assessment.

DEDICATION: SCOTT DONALDSON (NOVEMBER 11, 1929—DECEMBER 1, 2020)

Other| December 01 2020 DEDICATION: SCOTT DONALDSON (NOVEMBER 11, 1929—DECEMBER 1, 2020) The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review (2020) 18 (1): vi–viii. https://doi.org/10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.18.1.vi Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation DEDICATION: SCOTT DONALDSON (NOVEMBER 11, 1929—DECEMBER 1, 2020). The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 1 December 2020; 18 (1): vi–viii. doi: https://doi.org/10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.18.1.vi Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressThe F. Scott Fitzgerald Review Search Advanced Search This issue of The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review—our eighteenth—is dedicated to Scott Donaldson, one of the leading biographers in American literary studies and the author of several defining essays and books on Fitzgerald in particular. Scott was an active member in the Society from its 1990 founding, often delivering keynote lectures at our conferences. He and his wife, Vivie, were also major supporters of the John Kuehl Travel Fund, which awards grants for graduate student travel to our biannual gatherings.When word of Scott’s passing began to circulate on social media during the first week of December, many younger scholars remembered his kindness and encouragement upon attending their presentations and of his critical support for their careers. As Sara A. Kosiba, who organized the program for the 2013 conference in Montgomery, Alabama, wrote upon reading his obituary, “I knew Scott was ill, but this is still sad to see.... You do not currently have access to this content.

Identifying transport policy gaps in student travel demand management in South Africa

Background: Travel demand in higher education precincts is derived from the affordability of university education, the availability of student accommodation on- or off-campus and the manner in which university mobility is managed.Objectives: This article described the transport policy environment for student travel behaviour through the process of integrated policy analysis (PIPA) with the primary aim of outlining the major directions of student mobility management from peer-reviewed literature.Method: Gaps in the South African transport policy environment were identified for university student mobility as a result of the official policy position neglecting the segment and 7 of 26 public universities acting upon these markets without enabling legislation.Results: It was found that measures associated with managing travel demand demarcate mobility management practices. Through the literature, the article found that (1) the policy environment lags behind university interventions, which resonate with international evidence; (2) international evidence reveals that multiple directions for managing travel demand for university precincts; and (3) there is a need to reform the mobility and access policies for university precincts in South Africa (SA).Conclusion: In essence, the literature review presented heterogenous contexts and techniques to specify mobility and access problems and redress them. This enhanced the quality of policy design, evaluation and implementation particularly for integrated transport planning in SA. The primary limit of this study was that it is a policy review, relying heavily on secondary data to set the scene for future research.

The application of travel demand management initiatives within a university setting

A biennial transport survey at the University of Aberdeen was analysed over a ten-year period to better understand the influence of travel demand management (TDM) initiatives on the commuting habits of staff and students. Campus-based TDM initiatives such as a free inter-campus shuttle bus, charged parking permits and cycle infrastructure was introduced to encourage sustainable travel and to move away from single occupancy car journeys. To consider the impacts of TDM initiatives on staff and student travel choice, an index representing low emissions travel was created using estimated carbon intensity of travel options. Survey data was assessed across age categories, year, commuter travel distance, gender and status (staff or student) to enable discussion of how TDM implementations may have influenced clean travel choice across the survey periods.Outcomes indicated that TDM initiatives did not in themselves influence a substantial shift to clean transport options. A low carbon travel choice index was developed and median comparisons indicated that students travelled on average more by lower emissions transport methods, predominantly walking or cycling, than staff and showed greater variation across the full range of travel options. Staff exhibited significantly lower median index values. This is thought to be related to socio-economic factors between the groups combining with housing opportunities and residential choices over time.While TDM initiatives should be encouraged at institutions such as universities and hospitals, single institutions are unlikely to see a substantial transition to sustainable travel if wider societal infrastructure is not in place to enable people to be habituated to choosing sustainable options. Findings suggest that regional coordination is required for TDM to be societally accepted and successful.

Educational Travel for First-Generation Students

Research on educational travel has shown significant student outcomes for personal, academic, and professional growth. However, there are financial and cultural barriers that make it harder for some groups of students to participate in programs such as study abroad and shorter-term educational travel. This article examines the unique challenges and opportunities for first-generation and low-income students in these programs. It analyzes a short-term (10-day) educational travel group of exclusively first-generation participants, including three students, a faculty member, and an administrator, studying social mobility in Denmark. Coauthored by a faculty member and student from the trip, the article qualitatively reflects on student gains in personal growth, social connectedness, professional skills, and sociological knowledge. The article concludes by advocating for more targeted programming in recruiting and supporting first-generation students in educational travel.

Chinese Students Abroad: Dynamics of the Number and Aims of Educational Travel

This paper discusses the processes of the educational travel of the Chinese students abroad. Based on data of the Ministry of Education of China, publications from the Chinese Internet, original articles published in the world periodicals, the reasons elucidated why the number of students leaving China changed from 2001 to 2018; describes funding sources of educational travel. Information on the contemporary preferences of Chinese students in selection of countries and study programs, aims and reasons of educational travel abroad is provided. The hard competition of the young persons after school on educational services market, expected job difficulties after graduation from national universities and influence of parents are pushing young Chinese people to consider studying abroad. Over the past 10 years, the number of Chinese citizens studying in foreign universities rates more than doubled and reached to 662.1 thousand in 2018. The aim of such migration is not only acquiring advanced western knowledge or improving foreign language skills but also getting the so-called symbolic capital, which arises after graduation from the famous foreign universities. This capital will bring tangible employment benefits and future career privileges in the Chinese companies. Therefore, currently the largest number of Chinese young people seek to become students in English speaking countries, where the concentration of the best world universities included in the top-100 of international rankings is high. The modern professional preferences of Chinese students correspond to the development trends of the China’s national economy and science, and depend on the future employment and opportunity to receive the scholarships from the Government of China.

Looking beyond COVID‐19: Crisis Leadership Implications for Chairs

Looking beyond COVID‐19: Crisis Leadership Implications for Chairs

Travel Behavior of the Engineering Students of UNHAS and UIN Alauddin in Meeting the Needs of Shopping Facilities

In the last ten years, there have been two developing universities in Gowa Regency (Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin and UIN Alauddin). Both universities are the centres of growth in housing and settlements, especially student rental houses. The development of housing has not yet been served with adequate housing/city infrastructure and facilities. The purpose of this study are: 1) to analyze the student travel behaviour in meeting their shopping needs (daily or monthly), 2) to explain the visit location of shopping facilities of those groups of student, 3) to arrange the resource development directions for environmental and sub-district development. The data were collected from field surveys, and online questionnaire using non probability sampling. The analytical method used were spatial and descriptive analysis. The results of analysis showed that the dominant student travel behaviour using a motorcycle, both for daily and periodic shopping needs. Travel behaviour always done together (two people). Behaviour movements, using motorcycles, both to the service centre in the environmental scale or district and city scale. The location of the visit is an environment scale service centre with a distance of ± 200 meters and a district or city scale service centre with a distance of > 5 km. Direction of development to support the dominant path of students using motorbikes within short reach is, provided a bicycle lane and pedestrian shade. In addition, the procurement of mass transportation to support long-distance travel to district and city-scale shopping centres. Development of sub-district service centres can be directed using the concept of mixed use and smart transportation (TOD), where the distance of the two groups of student housing is within a radius of ± 5.2 km.

Confronting the Seismic Impact of COVID-19

If I had written this essay in time for its original deadline, it would have been different in tone.
 Though just a month ago, it was another, now distant time. Back then I would have written about the explosion of international students on American campuses over the past decade and speculated about whether that boom had gone bust. Geopolitical tensions, global competition, visa holdups, nativism, gun violence — all have contributed to softening enrollments, with the number of new international students coming to the United States declining for three years running. But, I would have concluded, colleges are culprits, too, because their practices — including a lack of diversification of student recruitment, a failure to fully integrate international students into campus life, and insufficient investment in career counseling for students from overseas — have at times undermined the experience of international students in the U.S. And that’s a good thing, I would have suggested, because it means that higher education has the power to do something to address the hurdles that international students face.
 I didn’t make the February 15 deadline for inclusion in the spring issue, however, because I was increasingly pulled away to cover this frightening new respiratory disease and its impact on higher education. Back then, reporting on COVID-19 was a job for the international reporter, with the focus on what was happening abroad and its impact on student and faculty travel and collaboration. In a few short weeks, however, the coronavirus has come home, to the American campus, to America.
 The pandemic is upending daily life, but its impact could be especially seismic for international education, and one that those in the field have little ability to affect. All of us, everyone reading this journal, are committed to a career of crossing cultures and borders. Now, we’re house-bound. Some international students are stuck in the United States, stranded by travel bans. Others may struggle to get visas to return. Will parents, stunned by the coronavirus’ quick circumnavigation of the globe, be willing to put their children on airplanes and send them to far-away foreign campuses? It is far from clear what next week, next month, next fall, next year will bring. When I speak with some veteran international educators, they remind me of the field’s resiliency and quick rebound after the September 11th terror attacks. Others shake their head. I’ve never seen anything like this, they say.
 Amid all the uncertainty, one thing I do know: You will help me make sense of it. As a reporter, much of my work, by its nature, is rooted in anecdote. The research community that has built up around the Journal of International Students has helped provide rigor. The studies, both quantitative and qualitative, published here have shed light on the cultural adjustments inbound and outbound students face, given me new ways of conceiving of student identity, and highlighted the impact on labor-market outcomes of studying overseas, to name a few. The work that you do as scholars has informed the work of my readers, many of whom are practitioners, and the examined approach is often a stronger one. We all are apprehensive about international education’s future, but I am encouraged to know that there is a community committed to better understanding it.

Addition of retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 to enhance Ebola virus‐like particle vaccine

Ebola virus (EBOV), a filovirus family member, is a highly pathogenic virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) resulting in documented mortality rates in humans as high as 50%. Currently, the basic EBOV virus‐like particle (VLP) vaccine contains the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix VP40 and attachment glycoprotein (GP). VLPs are morphologically and biochemically similar to parental virus, yet because they lack a genome and cannot replicate, are safe enough to be used as vaccines. We hypothesize that addition of a constitutionally active retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 (RIG‐I) would enhance the ability of the vaccine to induce interferon‐dependent immune functions yielding an improved vaccine. Expression of EBOV VP40 in 293T cells induces the spontaneous production of VLPs into the media supernatant and if expressed with EBOV GP, will produce VLPs studded with the attachment GP. Recombinant chimeric constitutively active (ca)RIG‐I‐VP40 matrix and a nonfunctional mutant L58A (mu)RIG‐I‐VP40 matrix genes were constructed to produce VLPs containing constitutively active and nonfunctional RIG‐I. Supernatant from 293Ts transfected with caRIG‐I‐VP40, muRIG‐I‐VP40 or VP40 along with GP expression plasmids were tested for the presence of VLPs. Western blotting of purified VLPs confirmed the presence of RIG‐I in caRIG‐I‐VP40 and muRIG‐I‐VP40, but not VP40 containing VLPs. Monocyte‐like and PMA‐differentiated macrophage‐like THP‐1 Dual cells were treated with nothing, VP40+GP, caRIG‐I‐VP40+GP, muRIG‐I‐VP40+GP VLPs as well as LPS and a Vaccinia virus (VACV‐70) positive controls and tested for induction of interferon (IFN) signaling. CaRIG‐I containing, but not muRIG‐I containing VLPs induced interferon signaling from both macrophages and monocytes. In Future studies we will also test whether addition of RIG‐I to EBOV VLPs can activate human peripheral blood monocytes.Support or Funding InformationWinona State University student research and travel grantsWinona State University Foundation Special Projects

West‐Nile virus replicon particle entry requires the C‐terminal half of the carbohydrate‐recognition domain of the Dendritic cell‐specific ICAM‐3 grabbing non‐integrin related protein

West‐Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus usually transmitted to humans via a mosquito vector. Infections commonly result in febrile symptoms while rare severe neuroinvasive cases may result in encephalitis or meningitis. Studies have shown that WNV infection efficiency is enhanced by expression of DC‐SIGNR on target cells, which normally do not express DC‐SIGNR. To investigate WNV tropism, we established 293T kidney epithelial cell lines that stably express vector, DC‐SIGNR and mutants of DC‐SIGNR that lack the entire carbohydrate‐recognition domain (CRD) or lack the C‐terminal half of the CRD. We demonstrate successful surface expression of DC‐SIGNR and its mutants from stably‐transfected 293T cells, but not vector‐transfected 293T cells. Further, we show that monoclonal antibody 120604 which binds specifically to the DC‐SIGNR CRD binds to DC‐SIGNR expressing 293T cells, but not to vector nor any of the DC‐SIGNR mutants expressing cells. Virus replicon particles (VRPs), replication‐incompetent viral particles containing necessary structural proteins for infection and a viral plasmid including a GFP reporter are used to safely and conveniently study viral entry. Entry assays using WNV (NY99) VRPs as well as a variant of WNV (NY99) which contains the beta‐lactamase enzyme show significant entry into DC‐SIGNR expressing cell lines, but not in controls that do not express DC‐SIGNR. Additionally, we show that WNV VRPs do not enter DC‐SIGNR expressing cells that lack the CRD or the C‐terminal half of the CRD suggesting that the C‐terminal half of the CRD is required for successful entry of WNV via DC‐SIGNR. In the future, WNV particle entry into DC‐SIGNR mutation (150(STOP), S139A, S108A) expressing cells will be tested.Support or Funding InformationWinona State University student research and travel grants, Winona State University Foundation Special Projects

Development of a discrete choice experiment to understand patient preferences for diabetes and hypertension management in rural Uganda

BackgroundIn 2020, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) currently account for 40% of deaths in east Africa and are expected to surpass communicable diseases as the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030. However, there remain many gaps in the provision of high quality, patient-centred NCD service delivery in low-income countries such as Uganda, especially in rural settings. We developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to understand how patients with common NCDs, such as hypertension and diabetes, make health-care-seeking decisions. A DCE is a quantitative tool that measures the weight of different factors that affect a decision. Participants are presented with two hypothetical scenarios to choose between. Here we report on the formative, qualitative phase of DCE development. MethodsFor this DCE, choice sets consist of two health facilities described in terms of various attributes (factors) that affect decision-making. To develop a locally relevant DCE, we conducted formative qualitative research consisting of 18 in-depth interviews with patients seeking care for hypertension or diabetes, or both, at three health facilities in rural Nakaseke District, Uganda. We purposively selected participants so that each disease and facility were represented. Interviews explored how participants choose which facility to visit and challenges that she or he faces in accessing care or medicines, or both. A team of three researchers coded the interviews using a directed approach to reveal 11 potential attributes on which patients make decisions. After review of the data and analysis with local and international content experts, we narrowed this list to six attributes to be included in the DCE. FindingsThe six selected attributes included: provision of education; availability of medicines; transport to the facility; costs associated with treatment; interactions with health-care providers; and presence of peer support groups. Attribute levels encompassed the range of experiences for each attribute as emerged from qualitative analysis. We then developed a full profile, fractional factorial DCE with three surveys. InterpretationThe process of developing this NCD-focused DCE relied on reference to the literature, primary qualitative data collection, and expert consensus to create a tool that would yield actionable data to improve NCD health service delivery in rural Uganda. Little is known about how rural patients in low-income and middle-income countries navigate the health-care system, nor is there much description of how to develop DCEs to investigate patient preferences in these countries. This work will guide public health officials in developing NCD service delivery options and inform investigators on DCE development. FundingYale Institute of Global Health Hecht Global Health Faculty Network Award Downs International Health Student Travel Fellowship

Applications Now Open for New Graduate Student Travel Scholarship

Applications Now Open for New Graduate Student Travel Scholarship

SIGMM test of time paper award, SIGMM funding for special initiatives 2020 and sigmm-sponsored conference fee reduction

In this note I provide an update on some recent SIGMM funding initiatives we are putting in place in 2020. These come about based on feedback from you, our members, on what you believe to be important and what you would like your SIGMM Executive Committee to work on. The specific topics covered here are the new SIGMM test of Time Paper Award, the various projects to be funded as a result of our call for funding applications for special initiatives some of which are further support for student travel, and the SIGMM sponsorship of conference fee reduction.

Linda E. Bireley

Linda E. Bireley

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society C.J. Reddy Student Travel Grant

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society C.J. Reddy Student Travel Grant

Consideration of Both Latent Variables and Taste Variation in Modeling Destination Choice for Student’s Non-mandatory Activities

Extensive studies have been conducted on urban travel behavior, but rarely have addressed the travel behavior of special trip generators such as dormitory students. One of the most important student travel activities is non-mandatory (shopping or recreation) ones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the factors (both tangible and intangible) on the destination choice of such activities for future policy-making in line with appropriate distribution of demand in the city. Therefore, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the students residing in Imam Khomeini International University dormitories. The results showed that taking individual perception in addition to their taste variation into account would enhance the ρ2(0) index of the mixed hybrid logit model by 0.175 than the standard logit model (with no latent variable and no consideration of taste variations). Furthermore, it was found that increasing the distance to a zone and the absence of direct accessibility to a particular zone via public transportation (buses or taxies) reduced the utility of traveling to that zone. Moreover, the presence of the central business district (CBD) of city in a particular zone and increasing the individuals’ perceived attractiveness of a zone (as the latent variable) increased the utility of traveling to that zone. The results of the mean marginal effect of “Attractiveness” variable show that the probability of five investigated zones increases by 12.2–49.3%. Therefore, this study concludes that both tangible and intangible factors are needed to better understand students' destination choice behavior for using in future policy-making.

Student travellers: Educational geography of medieval Azerbaijan

Student travellers: Educational geography of medieval Azerbaijan