Students Higher Order Thinking Research Articles

Cultivating sustainability and resilience in olive heritage

Learning outcomes The case study’s learning objectives, structured according to Bloom’s taxonomy, engage students in higher-order thinking for critical analysis and strategic decision-making. After completion of the case study, students will be able to analyze sustainability practices and evaluate the family’s distribution model for alignment with sustainability and potential expansion strategies; explore adaptive strategies to identify adaptive solutions to challenges such as climate change and economic fluctuations; apply theoretical frameworks to balance exclusivity and growth in the olive oil industry; and assess strategic decisions considering financial viability, environmental responsibility, community engagement and sustainability. Case overview/synopsis The case study centers on the Abi Raad olive farm, a multigenerational family-owned business deeply rooted in olive cultivation traditions in Selfaya village, within Mount Lebanon’s Aley district. Led by Richard Abi Raad, the family specializes in olive cultivation, olive oil production and handmade soap manufacturing within the agriculture sector. In 2023, the organization faces significant challenges such as rising labor costs and the exploration of sustainable labor sources for future growth. Abi Raad, the primary protagonist, grapples with critical decisions regarding maintaining traditional distribution methods versus expanding into broader markets. His choices must balance the preservation of cultural heritage with the need to uphold brand integrity and competitiveness. The case study traces the family’s historical journey in olive farming and explores their contemporary strategic dilemmas, offering insights into sustainable agriculture, entrepreneurship and navigating modern challenges while honoring tradition. Through the narrative of the Abi Raad family-owned business, the case study provides profound lessons in strategic decision-making and ensuring long-term sustainability. Complexity academic level This case study is suitable for students studying master’s in business. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Correlation of learning motivation and emotional intelligence with student higher order thinking skills level on biology material

The ability to think at a high level is essential for students to master because this ability encourages students' motivation to look at every problem critically. Learning motivation and emotional intelligence are several factors that determine how students have the desire or drive to achieve their goals. This study is ex post facto research to examine the relationship between learning motivation and emotional intelligence with higher-order thinking skills. The population in this study were all students of grade XI IPA at public senior high schools in the Majene district of the 2023/2024 academic year. The research samples 268 students by employing a simple random sampling technique with representatives of one school for each sub-district in Majene Regency. The research instruments were a questionnaire on learning motivation and emotional intelligence and a test of higher-order thinking skills on Biology learning material. The data obtained in this research was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple and simple regression analysis) with the help of the SPSS program. Based on the hypothesis testing, the research results reveal that learning motivation and emotional intelligence have a very strong and significant relationship to higher-order thinking skills. Further research is needed to achieve broader goals, increase learning motivation and increase students' positive character values.Abstrak. Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi sangat penting untuk di kuasai oleh peserta didik, karena kemampuan tersebut mendorong motivasi peserta didik untuk memandang setiap permasalahan dengan kritis. Motivasi belajar dan kecerdasan emosional merupakan beberapa faktor yang menjadi penentu bagaimana peserta didik memiliki keinginan atau dorongan dalam menggapai cita-citanya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi belajar dan kecerdasan emosional dengan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Majene tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil sebanyak 268 dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan perwakilan satu sekolah untuk masing-masing kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Majene. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah angket motivasi belajar dan kecerdasan emosional dan tes keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada materi biologi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini di analisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, dan inferensial (analisis regresi ganda dan sederhana) dengan bantuan program SPSS. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar dan kecerdasan emosional memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dan signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan yang lebih luas meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan meningkatkan nilai karakter positif siswa.

The Application of Question Chain in High School English Reading Teaching

An important task of high school English reading teaching is to cultivate students thinking quality and promote the development of students higher-order thinking. Aiming at the current high school English reading teaching in which the activities and tasks of lower-order thinking take up a large proportion, the inability to really promote the development of students higher-order thinking through reading, and the fragmentation of students knowledge, this paper aims at the application of problem chain in high school English reading teaching. to help promote the development of students thinking quality.

Improving student higher order thinking skills using SynecticHOTS-oriented learning model

The achievement of students’ learning outcomes in physics lessons has a low tendency, this is due to various factors, one of which is higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) based learning that has not been fully implemented in the learning process and assessment. This study aimed to determine the differences in the Synectic-HOTS learning model in physics compared to conventional learning models. This study used a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test–post-test nonequivalent control group design. The instrument used in this study is a two-tier test question that contains 20 items of HOTS aspect. The prerequisite test showed that the data was not homogeneous, while the results of the data homogeneity test were stated to be homogeneous. Therefore, a non-parametric test was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Based on the results of the data analysis, the Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) for the pre-test was 0.111 and the post-test was 0.001 (p=.000<05). The effect size calculation shows that the Synectic learning model is effective in the medium category. These results indicate that the application of the SynecticHOTS model significantly improves HOTS when compared to conventional learning models. This work can open up insights to teachers about alternative, creative, and effective learning models to improve higher-order thinking skills and student learning outcomes.

PENINGKATAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) MAHASISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SELF DIRECTED LEARNING (SDL) PADA MATA KULIAH PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI GURU

Background: This research aims to improve students Higher Order Thinking Skills by using the SelfDirected Learning Models (SDL).Methods: This research uses an exploratory research model. Qualitative data was obtained throughinterviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data was obtained through pretest and posttest data. Theresearch subjects were Biology students at FKIP Pattimura University which offered teacherprofessional development courses. The research instrument used was a test. Quantitative dataanalysis uses descriptive statistics and test scores, while qualitative data analysis uses data collectionprocedures, data reduction, data presentation, and building a conclusion.Results: The results of calculating the implementation of the Self Directed Learning models (SDL) toimprove students higher order thinking skills in teacher professional development courses show anaverage value of 97.36 with a significant value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 (0.000<0.05) sothat the hypothesis can be accepted.Conclusion: The application of the Self Directed Learning models (SDL) is very effective in improvingthe higher order thinking skills of prospective biology teacher students.

Building technological pedagogical content knowledge through didactical design research

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of how 15 elementary school teachers in a professional learning community demonstrate how to build their technological pedagogical content knowledge. The qualitative method used is Didactical Design Research. Data collection uses triangulation techniques, namely document studies, observations and interviews. The results of the study show that studying in a professional learning community will make it easier for teachers to master technology so that it can make it easier for them to plan, implement and assess learning. It was also revealed that the teacher's teaching practice was in line with the plan that had been prepared beforehand. Based on the implementation of professional teacher learning activities, it can be concluded that the teacher's knowledge and skills in teaching develop very well, can further develop meaningful learning activities, and can better master student characteristics. In addition, students can be more independent and really help students in higher order thinking.

The Classification of Reading Text Questions in English Class at Tenth Grade of MAS Taman Raya Balingka

The research was triggered by several problems. First, Some sources book are not presenting HOTS model in several part of the book. Second, students have difficulty understanding questions in textbook. Third, The teacher does not provide teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) while teaching process in order to maximize students higher order thinking skills. This research used quantitative research method. The subject was the questions in the textbook Bahasa Inggris X grade curriculum 2013 revisi 2017 written by Utami Widiati, Zuliati Rahmah, and Furaidah, which published Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud. The researcher used items questions as the observation sheet of document for collecting and analyzing the data to find out the result of the research. This research found that the questions in the textbook did not include create of the cognitive process, based on bloom taxonomy revision. After doing analysis of the data, the researcher finds that the higher order thinking level only obtains 15 out of 74 items questions (20,25%). while the lower order thinking level 60 out of 74 items questions (79,20%). Results from this study show that the percentage of questions for each cognitive level is analyzing C4 (9,45%), evaluating C5 (6,75%), and creating C6(4,05%). This proportion does not meet the ideal proportion that supports the achievement of Basic Analysis Competence, the proportion questions that support are 30% for levels C1 and C2, 40% for levels C3 and C4, and 30% for levels C5 and C6.

Using Online Tools to Develop Higher Order Learning Among Tertiary Students

It is widely recognised that the development of higher order thinking skills is a fundamental goal of higher education. There are a variety of online tools that assist the development of student higher order thinking. In this paper, a process of scaffolding for the writing of higher-order questions enabled through peer learning activities is explored. Data collected over two years across five cohorts shows that there was an overall statistically significant improvement in the number of higher-order questions produced by students at the end of each unit. The findings reveal a viable peer teaching tool that can easily be embedded into existing programmes to develop the necessary critical thinking skills for higher education students.

Effectiveness of ICT Integrated 5e Learning Model on Higher Order Thinking Skills in Biology at Secondary Level

The present study ascertains the effectiveness of ICT integrated 5E learning model on higher order thinking skills in biology over 5E learning model at secondary level. Quantitative design and quasi-experimental method was used in this study. Total 65 students were divided in experimental group (34) and control group (31) by taking two sections of class-IX randomly. The experiment was continued for two months with 5E learning model and ICT integrated 5E learning model strategy with control and experimental group respectively. The self-developed test on higher order thinking skills on biology section of class-IX science textbook of National Council of Educational Research and Training was used as an instrument. The collected data was processed and analysed with the help of jamovi (1.6) open-source software and descriptive and inferential statistics are calculated. The study found that the learners taught through ICT integrated 5E learning model were significantly better in higher order thinking skills in biology than those who were taught through the 5E learning model at 0.01 levels. The ICT integrated 5E learning model is suitable for improving students higher order thinking skills in biology subject. This study has suggested that the ICT integrated 5E learning model can be utilized in teaching learning of biological science for the improvement of students higher order thinking skills.

The Development of Scientific Literacy Ecology Worksheet to Improve Student Higher Order Thinking Skills at Senior High School

This study aims to produce a student worksheet (LKPD) based on scientific literacy on ecology topic, to determine the feasibility of the LKPD as learning materials according to expert validators, teachers, and student responses, and its effectiveness in improving student's higher order thinking skills (HOTS). The research development is 4D Thiagarajan model. Product validation is done by content, learning strategy and media validators and also biology teacher assessment and student responses. The effectiveness test of worksheet was carried out at SMA Methodist An Pancurbatu at the X IPA 2 as the experimental class and at the X IPA 1 as the control class. The data were collected by using observation, interviews and student achievement test. The questionnaire instrument used Likert scale. Research result showed that the worksheet feasibility according to content (material), learning strategy and media experts were 92.19%, 92.2% and 94.8%, respectively, with very good category. Teacher's assessment and student responses were 93.24 % and 94.00% also with very good category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test result showed that the gain score was 0.7 > g > 0.3 means that developed scientific literacy LKPD was effective in increasing of students' HOTS. The independent sample t-test result showed that there was a very significant differences of learning outcome between the experimental and the control classes (t count= 5.89; P=0.00). In this case, the learning outcome (HOTS) of the students who have used the developed worksheet in the learning process was significantly higher compared to the students who didn’t use the developed worksheet. The developed worksheet was effective to improve the student HOT, especially in answering the analytic (C4) and synthetic questions. Keywords: HOTS, Ecology, Scientific Literacy, LKPD, Development.

Investigating the Role of ICT toward Students' Higher Order Thinking in Writing Skills at Islamic University Students

This study gave focused on ICT used by students in writing, the role of ICT toward students' higher-order thinking, and the dominant role of ICT toward students higher-order thinking. Samples of this research were English students of South Sumatra Islamic universities, namely UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, IAIN Curup, IAIN Bengkulu, UIN Jambi, UIN Lampung, and UIN Bangka Belitung. There were 30 English students from every university used as the research sample of this study. The survey research design was used in this study. The researcher used an online questionnaire to find out the data about the role of ICT toward HOTS in writing skills. The data was analyzed by using percentage analysis (SPSS 25). The result showed students gave positive opinions when their lecturer used ICT in improving their Higher-Order Thinking in Writing skills (71.8%). This percentage is at a good level.

Junior High School Student’s Literacy of Science Concept: Electricity & Heredity

High Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) is the way of thinking which should have been mastered by students everywhere early for their life skills. This HOTs skill has been internationally assessed since 2000 every three years attended by all OECD members includes Indonesia through Program International for Student Assessment (PISA). Result of PISA of Indonesian students from 2000 until 2018 still have achieved at level 1a of highest level 6 as national average. Considering geographical area located from West to East, it is very important to map students literacy in each area as base-line of creating integrated effort for Junior High School to increase student’s literacy. This descriptive study aims to promote the profile of Junior High School Literacy. About 40 of 9-grade students and two science teachers involved in this study as research subject. Data were obtained through participative observation, test and video typing for classroom activity during two months on the topic of heredity and electricity. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively as well. Result showed that students literacy still in low category based on national competence assessment. However there is increase of learning outcome proven by pretest (24.46), post test (33.46), and second post test (59.82). Looking into class level in detail based on daily assessment on the topic of electricity and heredity percentage of students literacy can be categorized as scientific comprehension (57%), higher than partial comprehension (19%) and naïve or wrong comprehension (24%). Student scientific comprehension promoted close to PISA literacy competencies includes explaining phenomena scientifically, evaluating and designing scientific enquiry, interpreting data and evidence scientifically. The study imply the important of keep improving daily science classroom activity which promote students higher order thinking skills in order to achieve better scientific literacy.

Measuring primary school teachers’ attitudes towards stimulating higher-order thinking (SHOT) in students: Development and validation of the SHOT questionnaire

This paper describes the development and validation of a new instrument to measure primary school teachers’ attitudes towards stimulating higher-order thinking in students (SHOT questionnaire). It is believed that it is necessary to explicitly teach students to think, because it cannot be assumed that students will automatically become good thinkers. Therefore, teachers are expected to stimulate students to engage in higher-order thinking. However, we know little about teachers’ attitudes towards teaching practices that engage students in higher-order thinking. Therefore, we need a valid and reliable measurement instrument that can be used to measure teachers’ attitudes towards stimulating higher-order thinking (SHOT). Hence, we developed the SHOT questionnaire. Based on an earlier literature review, we identified four attitudinal factors that we aimed to measure with the SHOT questionnaire. In addition, we included a scale to measure teachers’ behaviour aimed at stimulating higher-order thinking. Results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 659 pre- and in-service primary school teachers’ show that the requirements for construct validity were met. Furthermore, we found that in-service teachers, who are more positive about the relevance of stimulating higher-order thinking and their ability to do this, encourage students significantly more often to engage in higher-order thinking than pre-service teachers do.

A Descriptive Study of Teachers’ Questioning Strategies in English Classroom Interaction at SMAN 2 Taruna Bhayangkara in the Academic Year 2019/2020

Questioning strategies are the important method for teachers to ask the students by giving the question. The goal of this research was to identify out the type and the level of questioning strategies that used by the English techers in English classroom interaction at SMAN 2 Taruna Bhayangkara in the academic year 2019/2020. This research used descriptive qualitative research design. There were 6 English teachers as the respondents. It determined by using purposive sampling. To collect the data, it taken by using questionnaire and interview. Likert scale was the tool to analyze the data from quistionnaire. To determine the data analysis, it related to eight indicators namely wait time, probing question, balance, participation, prhasing, sequencing, adaptation, and student question. From the data analysis, it offered that questioning strategies always use by the teachers in English classroom interaction. The percentage of wait time was 80.56%, probing question 79.17%, balance 61%, participation 76.39%, phrasing 87.5%, sequencing 80.56%, adaptation 68.06%, student question 73.61%. In addition, the most performed type of questioning strategies was phrasing (87.5%) and based on the Bloom’s Taxonomy, teachers used of model questions in understanding level which has indicated in lower level question. Thus, the English teachers should develop questions in higher level to stimulate students higher order thinking skill.

Penilaian Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Menggunakan Quizizz Pada Materi Usaha dan Energi

The aim of this research was to produce a web based instrument test to assess higher order thinking skills that are feasible and to describe the profile of students higher order thinking skills. This research using Research and Development (R&D) model from Borg and Gall with ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation ). Data collection techniques in this study are the validation method that done by three lecturers from the physic department of State University of Surabaya and test method that done by 29 students of class X MIPA-2 SMA At-Ta’miriyyah using Quizizz. The data that has been collected were analyzed using quantitative decriptive analysis method. The percentage of average theoritical validity in the realms of construction, language, and media is is 97.03% or in the very feasible category. The result of product trials on 29 students analyzed the level of distinguishing power, reliability, and item validity. From the analysis obtained empirical validity as many as 10 questions declared empirically feasible. The appropriate test instrument is then used to describe the profile of students higher order thinking skills abilities. A viable test instrument is then used to describe the student's high-level thinking ability profile. 44.83% of students in very high categories, 13.79% with good categories, 0% with sufficient categories, and 41.38% with less categories. The ability to think high level in the competency of analyzing (C4) is lower at 67.49% compared to the evaluating competency (C5) of 80.46%.

Brain-Based Learning: The Impact on Student’s Higher Order Thinking Skills and Motivation

The research objectives are to determine the effects of the Brain-based Learning (BBL) approach on students' higher-order thinking skills and student motivation to learn physics. This research used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research consisted of two tenth-grade science classes chosen by simple random sampling technique. This research population was all tenth-grade students of a senior high school in Yogyakarta. The data were obtained by test and non-test techniques. The result shows that BBL approach affects on the students' higher-order thinking skills (sig. 2-tailed = 0,003 α = 0.05). Further, it also improves students' higher-order thinking skills represented by the N-Gain value (experimental class N-Gain = 0.40 control class N-Gain = 0.21). On the other hand, not only on student's higher-order thinking skills, BBL approach bring the significant effect on students’ motivation in learning physics (sig. 2-tailed = 0,000 α = 0.05) as well as could improve it (experimental class N-Gain = 0.55 control class N-Gain = 0.04). It means that the BBL approach could improve higher-order thinking skills and students' motivation more effectively than the traditional approach

Methodologies to attain Graduate Attributes at Class Level

Traditional teaching methodologies cover only 4 Graduate Attributes (GAs). These are GA1, GA2, GA3 and GA4. Remaining 8 Graduate Attributes will be accomplished with the new methods. In this work, activities based on active, cooperative, inductive, project, and emotional based learning methodologies are proposed. Proposed activities are designed by considering cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains of the blooms taxonomy. These activities are implemented at class level. In detail procedure to implement these methodologies in each course is presented. Hence, each course is mapped with more number Graduate Attributes. These methodologies include activities like the interactive sessions, group based assignments, case based assignments, and mini project in every course. Graduate Attributes like modern tool usage, individual/team work, communication, ethics, project management, and lifelong learning are better mapped with these new methodologies. Further, evaluation methods also proposed in this work. Experiments are performed on two classes of 60 students each. One class is taught by traditional teaching methods. Second class is taught by the proposed methodologies at course level. Performance of students in higher order thinking and lower order thinking is also assessed. Experimental results indicate that higher order thinking among students is improved. Hence, critical thinking is improved. Further, each course is mapped to 12 Graduate Attributes. Hence, possibility of attaining more Graduate Attributes is improved. Practice of proposed methodologies at class level improves the student�s attendance.

Integrating Rich Task into the Mathematics Classroom to Develop Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills: A Collaborative Action Research Study in a Secondary School

This paper reports a collaborative action research study about the use of rich tasks in a mathematics classroom. It aims at exploring how to implement rich mathematical tasks using the problem-based learning model. It also investigates student higher order thinking skills improvement toward the use of this instructional approach and the difficulties faced by the students. Twenty-one Year 9 students were involved in this study. The results of the study showed significant learning gains in three research cycles. After the teacher and researcher made some improvements, student higher order thinking skills became significantly higher in the second and third cycles. The improvement included providing learning sources, implementing Number Head Together (NHT) learning method, and adding more modelling activities in the student worksheet. Some recommendations related to teachers’ preparations for rich task implementation in the classroom are presented based on teachers' and students' comments as well as existing literature.

Developing Love for the Environment-Based Science Comic to Improve Elementary School Student Higher-Order Thinking Skills

Globalization and the 21st century highlight thinking skills and environmental crises as well as careless attitudes towards the culture of the country itself. Meanwhile, one goal of science in elementary education is to make students scientifically curious, improve their scientific attitudes and skills, and turn them into behavior. This study aims to develop a love for the environment-based science comic in elementary schools. This comic uses punakawan shadow puppets as characters. A research and development (R&D) model was used in this study. The data collection techniques include interview, observation, validator assessment, achievement tests (pretest-posttest), student and teacher responses, and documentation. The results demonstrate that the love for the environment-based science comic can improve student higher-order thinking skills. It is expected that the punakawan shadow puppets used in this study can enrich student citizenship literacy and become a media to maintain the nation's identity

The Effects of ICT Towards Students’ Attitude

Advancement of Information and communication technology (ICT) rapidly transform many sectors and it does give and impact also to the educational field. Ministry of Education Malaysia starts to plan the curriculum to include ICT and teacher starts exploring different method and teaching style to develop students higher order thinking skills. Teacher plays an important role in designing lesson to integrate ICT as it will give effect to students’ attitude in learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of ICT towards students’ attitude. The methodology of study utilized a systematic document analysis technique where issues related to effect ICT towards student attitude which have given impact to the teachers’ and students’ behavior in the form of any reference are analyzed. SAMR model will show that there is different level of degree of ICT integration that teacher can use and implement in class. Results shows that when ICT is use in class it will give an advantage in terms of student performances, motivation and efficiency. The student and classroom environment itself will be dynamic, active listening, collaborative learning, interactivity and communication will take place. Maximizing ICT potential can create and enhance learning to take place more effectively and transforming from teacher-centered to student-centered learning which are in line with the 21st century goals.