Student Funding Research Articles

HIV Research Training Partnership of the University of Zambia and Vanderbilt University: Features and Early Outcomes.

Background:Despite the burden of HIV being highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), research expertise and capacity to address scientific questions regarding complications of HIV and ART, especially chronic non-communicable conditions, is limited in the region. The comorbidities prevalent in persons with HIV are mediated through diverse mechanisms, many of which can be context or region-specific and are yet to be elucidated. The phenotype, risk factors, and effective interventions for these conditions may differ between populations and settings, and therefore there is an urgent need for research to help understand these processes and how to best address them in SSA. Here, we report the research capacity building activities in SSA conducted by the University of Zambia (UNZA)-Vanderbilt Training Partnership for HIV-Nutrition-Metabolic Research (UVP), drawing lessons and challenges for a wide global health audience.Methods:We reviewed program data and conducted interviews with program leaders and participants to understand and document the progress and outcomes of the partnership. We report the program’s early achievements, highlighting drivers and challenges.Results:Between 2015 and 2019, UVP made substantial progress on its goals of training new UNZA PhD scientists to investigate complex nutritional and metabolic factors related to long-term HIV complications and comorbidities. The program has supported 11 UNZA PhD students with dual UNZA-Vanderbilt mentorship; three have graduated, and other candidates are progressing in their PhD studies. The project also supported institutional capacity through UNZA faculty participation in Vanderbilt grant writing workshops, with strong success in obtaining grants among those who participated. UVP also supported development of greater structure to UNZA’s PhD program and a mentorship curriculum, both now adopted by UNZA. The major drivers for success included UVP’s alignment of goals between UNZA and Vanderbilt, and local institutional ownership. The longstanding history of collaborations between the two institutions contributed substantially to alignment and mutual support of UVP’s goals. Several challenges were noted, including limits on direct research funding for students and a relatively small pool of funded investigators at UNZA.Conclusions:Despite some challenges, UVP has achieved positive outcomes over its first four years. Longstanding partnerships and local institutional ownership were the main drivers. We expect the challenges to mitigated as the project continues and produces more UNZA researchers and teams and more funded projects, collectively building the local research community. With continued resources and clear focus, we expect that UNZA’s investigators and partners will attract research funding and generate high-impact research outputs across a broad range of studies in HIV as well as newer threats from non-communicable conditions experienced by long-term survivors of HIV and by the general population.

Decision Time: The Alberta Shadow Budget 2019

In its upcoming budget, Alberta’s government has a once-in-a-generation opportunity to correct the province’s fiscal course. This Shadow Budget demonstrates how Alberta could return to budget balance by 2022-23 and plot a sustainable path for balanced budgets over the long-term horizon. The Shadow Budget illustrates that, by careful spending restraint and restructuring of its revenues, Alberta could move to saving resource revenues and increasing investment income for future generations. This vision contrasts with a status quo where budgetary headwinds from an aging population would drag Alberta back into mounting deficits – along with a downward spiral of debt service costs – in the coming decades. But long-term fiscal sustainability will require near-term measures to restore Alberta’s budget balance and then sustain surpluses. Building on the recent MacKinnon Report, this Shadow Budget shows that a four-year freeze is advisable to bring Alberta’s program spending in line with per capita levels in other provinces. This report goes further to outline a set of reductions in inflation-adjusted per capita spending across program areas to achieve this top-line spending freeze. This Shadow Budget recommends specific reductions in inflation-adjusted spending in health and education through a revamp in funding for hospitals, wages for nurses, fee-for-service rates for physicians, administration costs in education, salaries for teachers, increased class sizes, and per student funding for universities and colleges. Significant restraint for inflation-adjusted spending will also be required for social services and spending by government departments – particularly through grants and external procurement. While a freeze might be achieved in other ways, this Shadow Budget provides specific targets for spending restraint based on nationwide benchmarking, observing that Alberta out-spends counterpart provinces without demonstrably better service levels or outcomes. In order to moderate new debt for capital outlays, this Shadow Budget also proposes a substantial down-sizing of Alberta’s capital plan, highlighting Alberta’s comparatively high per capita stock of public infrastructure assets and capital grants to municipalities. Nonetheless, even with rigorous spending restraint, this report also shows that rebalancing revenues will be critical for Alberta to reduce distortionary corporate and personal income taxes while sustaining surpluses over the long term. Even after return to balance, ongoing surpluses are necessary in order to save resource revenues. Drawing on widely accepted economic principles, this Shadow Budget argues that resource revenues should be saved. This is because these represent a one-time conversion of Alberta’s natural capital in which future generations of Albertans should also share through sustainable returns on investments from Alberta’s Heritage Fund. Therefore, following the projected return to balance in 2022-23, this Shadow Budget proposes to reduce the marginal rate for the lowest personal income tax bracket and implement a consumption tax (recognizing this requires an affirmative result in a province-wide referendum). This Shadow Budget shows how this reduction of personal income tax rates would enhance Alberta’s attractiveness to middle-income workers. The establishment of a 3 percent consumption tax (harmonized with the federal Goods and Services Tax) would replace reduced revenues from more distortionary corporate and personal income taxes while allowing Alberta to save for a sustainable fiscal future.

Student managed fund (SMF) at the University of Connecticut

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a review of the student managed investment fund at the School of Business, University of Connecticut.Design/methodology/approachThe authors trace the history and growth of the fund and identify the special features and dimensions that have contributed to its success.FindingsThe operation of the fund is a constantly evolving program and the authors discuss the important changes and improvements made in the program since its inception in the early 2000s in response to growth in the number of finance majors, new career opportunities in the field of investments and most importantly, the strength of capital markets and the development of new instruments in the capital markets. The authors also discuss the common features of over 300 student funds in the USA. The authors close with a discussion of the limitations and constraints the fund advisors at, and possibly, at other schools, face in the management and administration of the fund, and also what developments and adjustments the authors expect to see in these funds in the future.Originality/valueThe authors combine extensive analyses of fund history and performance. The authors also provide some suggestions for the future direction and priorities for student funds.

ANALISIS WACANA LISAN PADA MAHASISWA ANTARDAERAH DI YOGYAKARTA

This study aims to to study and analyze oral discourse in student funds reside in yogyakarta. Oral discourse that occur in the form of the use of intervening code ( code-switching ) by college students coming from java and outside java.Methods used is the method is to take a. the use of language. The subject of the research is a student who comes from several areas live in one. for lodging A technique used in the data collection techniques basic listening and engineering advanced slc (simak libat cakap) because researchers to participate or were directly involved in conversation and give the conversation. The result showed that the context of the talks is different from other regions of the students were could lead to the code in the intervening daily communication. With a code adopted code from intervening in the form of words and phrases.

Developing an Education Budget for Radiology Vice Chairs and Leaders: An ADVICER Template

The Alliance of Directors and Vice Chairs in Education group identified the need to develop an education budget template as resource for our community. Having a framework and working knowledge of budgetary considerations is crucial to those with general oversight and executive managerial responsibility for departmental educational programs. An online survey was sent to all the Alliance of Directors and Vice Chairs in Education members. Survey questions included education funding sources, presence of vice chair of finance, expectation of revenue generation, existing education budget, funding decision-makers, education budget formulation and approval, vice chair of education's role in budget, education budget line items, and income statement review. The survey response rate was 41/81 (51%). A majority 26/41 (63%) of respondents had an education budget that typically included funding for all medical students, residents, and fellows but only a minority of respondents report they developed 10/22 (45%), approved 6/22 (27%), or regularly reviewed 6/21 (29%) this budget. In sharp contrast was the role of department chairs and administrators, who presumably all participated in this process. To assist in education budget development and review, as well as meet the need to improve participants' financial accounting knowledge as a key tenet of faculty professional development, the authors developed sample budget templates and an income statement primer. Our survey results suggested the need for an educational budget framework and financial accounting resources for those in radiology education posts, and resources have been provided.

Illusory Gains from Chile's Targeted School Voucher Experiment

Abstract Chile implemented a targeted voucher programme in 2008 that increased funding for disadvantaged students at public and participating private schools by approximately 50%. This reform would be expected to raise average achievement in participating schools and to reduce the achievement gap related to socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged students did make fourth-grade test-score gains exceeding 0.2 standard deviations that other studies have attributed to the programme. However, we find only small increases in resources and school-switching and little evidence of competition-driven improvement, but a closing of the parental education and income gaps, raising doubts that the programme accounts for much of this convergence.

Capital Distribution and Management of Innovative Internet Team for College Students

With the development of The Times, “science is the first productive force” has been recognized. Innovation plays an important role in enhancing comprehensive strength and promoting economic development. College students' innovation and entrepreneurship has become a trend, and more and more college students' innovative teams have been formed, in which the allocation and management of team capital is a very key link. This paper introduces the source and use of funds for college students' innovation and innovation teams and puts forward solutions to the problems of fund management and distribution in the process of team operation. According to many years of team capital management and reference to the relevant group team management experience, this paper also summarizes the experience and existing problems in financial aspects of team building over the years, draws the conclusion of solving the complex capital contradiction and puts forward some methods of team capital operation and management.

The determinants of student loan take-up in England

Recent changes in higher education financing policies in England have led to more students funding their studies via two types of student loan—for tuition fees and/or for maintenance. Moreover, the average amount borrowed has been increasing. Yet not all students take out loans, and understanding the determinants of take-up is important, not least because those who can manage to study without borrowing enjoy significant advantages both during and after their studies. Using Next Steps, a unique dataset with data on both types of loan and rich information on students’ backgrounds and their attitudes to debt, we analyse loan take-up by type of loan. We estimate the strength of the association of loan take-up with each of students’ family income, indicators of family wealth (home ownership, private education, not living in a deprived area, social class), parental education, gender, ethnicity and debt aversion. Of these, only social class is found to have no independent effect. We find that these associations can differ according to the type of debt. We also find that, while students from some disadvantaged groups are less likely to take out maintenance loans, this association is accounted for by students living at home while studying, a prime mechanism for debt avoidance.

The Politics of K–12 Local Control Funding and Accountability for Latinx and ELL Students: Lessons Learned From California

Historically, education scholars have underscored the notion that education and politics are implicitly and explicitly intertwined (Chubb & Moe, 1990; Tyack, 1974). Accordingly, policies are viewed...

Competitive Impacts of Means-Tested Vouchers on Public School Performance: Evidence from Louisiana

Given the significant growth rate and geographic expansion of private school choice programs over the past two decades, it is important to examine how traditional public schools respond to the sudden injection of competition for students and resources. Although prior studies of this nature have been limited to Florida and Milwaukee, using multiple analytic strategies this paper examines the competitive impacts of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) to determine its achievement impacts on students in affected public schools. Serving 4,954 students in its first year of statewide expansion, this targeted school voucher program provides public funds for low-income students in low-performing public schools to enroll in participating private schools across the state of Louisiana. Using (1) a school fixed effects approach and (2) a regression discontinuity framework to examine the achievement impacts of the LSP on students in affected public schools, this competitive effects analysis reveals neutral to positive impacts that are small in magnitude. Policy implications are discussed.

3292 Duke Integrated Physician-Scientist Development

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: 1.Identify barriers to pursuing research for physician trainees 2.Develop a sustainable pipeline of physician-scientists at Duke 3.Coordinate physician-scientist development programs across the School of Medicine under one central Office 4.Provide infrastructure and resources for all physician-scientists 5.Increase the number of MDs and MD/PhDs who pursue, succeed, and are retained in research METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To establish a baseline understanding of the needs and concerns of physician-scientist trainees at Duke, we conducted focus groups using a standardized interview guide and thematic analysis. Findings from these focus groups were used to develop a framework for support, leading to the creation of the Office of Physician-Scientist Development (OPSD) housed centrally within the Duke School of Medicine. The OPSD integrates programs and resources for multiple populations including medical students, residents, fellows, junior faculty, and faculty mentors. Pipeline programs will also be developed to enhance research engagement in targeted student populations prior to medical school. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 45 students and faculty participated in the focus groups and structured interviews (1st year medical student, n=11; 4th year medical students, n=11; residents/fellows, n=13; junior faculty, n=11). While participants raised a number of specific issues, one key message emerged: non-PhD MDs in basic research felt they lacked opportunities for directed training. Moreover, they felt the need to teach themselves many critical skills through trial and error. This has led to perceptions that they cannot compete effectively with PhDs and MD-PhD scientists for research funding and positions. Consensus recommendations included: better guidance in choosing mentors, labs, and projects; central resource for information relevant to physician scientists; training specifically tailored to physician scientists conducting laboratory-based research; improved infrastructure and well-defined training pathways; and assistance with grant preparation. To-date, over 90 students, residents, and fellows have been identified who identify as laboratory-based physician scientists. Additional efforts are underway to identify and characterize the broader range of physician-scientist students and trainees at Duke. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our planning study revealed specific steps forward toward developing a robust community of physician-scientists at Duke. As a first step, the Dean of the School of Medicine has appointed an Associate Dean of Physician-Scientist Development to oversee a new Office of Physician-Scientist Development (OPSD) being launched in December of 2018. The OPSD will offer four primary programs. 1) A concierge mentoring program will assist new trainees in identifying research areas of interest and mentors. Trainees will receive periodic contact to provide additional support as needed and promote success. 2) A physician-scientist training program is being created to provide training specific to laboratory research skills as well as career and professional development training to complement existing clinical and translational research programs. 3) Integrated training pathways will provide additional mentored research training for those pursuing research careers. Pathways will capitalize on existing resources from R38 programs, while pursuing additional R38 and R25 support. 4) An MD-Scientist funding program has been developed to provide additional research funding and protected time for students pursuing a second research year. Through the support and programming offered by the OPSD, we anticipate decreased perceptions of barriers to pursuing a physician-scientist career and increased satisfaction with training opportunities. Over time, we expect such support to increase the number of MD students pursuing research as a career and the number of residents, fellows, and MD junior faculty remaining in research careers.

PEMANFAATAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DALAM MEMPERBAIKI PROSES PEMBELAJARAN

In general, the BOS funds program aims to ease the burden on the community on the financing of education in the context of quality 9-year compulsory education, and this paper aims to find out the beneficiaries of BOS funds at SD Negeri No. 24/II Dusun Koto Jayo Pelepat Ilir Kabupaten Bungo. This paper using descriptive methods with a qualitative approach and using 17 informants. From the results of the interview, it was found that Dusun Koto Jayo Pelepat Ilir Kabupaten Bungo had gone well. Where the utilization BOS funds to finance new student admission administration, purchase of teacher learning reference books and purchase the books for libraries; financing remedial and extracurricular activities; financing tests/examination and learning outcomes; power and service subscriptions; school maintenance fees; honorarium paying honor teachers and honorary education personnel; allocation of BOS funds for poor students and transport fee assistance for poor students; teacher development and profession; financing BOS fund management; and purchasing computer.

Who Goes to Graduate School and Who Succeeds?

During the Great Recession, those with college degrees fared much better than those without degrees, but a number of college graduates struggled to find satisfactory employment, leading many to graduate study. The option of seeking an advanced degree has gained momentum in recent decades, and now some observers call the master’s degree the “new bachelor’s degree.”This brief is the first in a series addressing questions about enrollment and success in graduate school, funding of graduate students, the conceptual differences between undergraduate and graduate students, and the data available to address these questions.As participation in graduate programs rises, it is critical to ask who is enrolling, which programs they are choosing, whether they complete their degrees, and how their investment in education beyond the bachelor’s degree pays off. This brief reviews changes over time in educational attainment levels and the earnings premiums for advanced degrees, and then explores differences in enrollment and completion patterns across demographic groups.

Divulgações de informações e o efeito no retorno de ações da maior empresa de educação listada na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão)

O mercado é eficiente se novas informações relevantes causarem variação no retorno das ações. As ações podem ser afetadas por eventos e isso pode causar oscilações. A pesquisa analisa a reação do mercado à divulgação de informações sobre a maior instituição de educação listada na B3. Foi utilizado o estudo de eventos para confrontar o comportamento do retorno das ações no período de 30 de setembro 2015 a 30 de setembro de 2017. A pesquisa parte da teoria de mercado eficiente. As informações selecionadas foram distribuídas em grupos, sendo: A - Divulgação dos resultados trimestrais; B - Operações de compra e venda de participações; C - Mudanças relacionadas ao Financiamento Estudantil. Os resultados evidenciaram que a reação que caracterizou o fator mercado eficiente foi identificada no Grupo C, em parte corroborada pelo comportamento do preço da ação.

Federal Policy on Improving Outcomes for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Past, Present, and Future

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) consistently lag behind their peers academically and behaviorally, are likely to be excluded from school, drop out more frequently, and face higher incarceration rates and a host of other negative outcomes as adults. Federal policy has played a key role in (a) ensuring that students with disabilities are included in schools, (b) requiring schools to meet the unique needs of learners, and (c) providing funding to support the development and implementation of evidence-based practices. Our purpose in this article is to examine the progress and challenges related to the development of federal policy supports for students with EBD, and to offer recommendations to help guide the future development of policy. Specifically, we (a) recognize the important developments of the last 30 years in policy protections and funding for students with EBD, (b) identify current challenges and emerging opportunities in several areas related to the identification and support of students with EBD, and (c) offer policy recommendations related to strengthening the use of the functional assessment and personnel capacity development.

The Development of Media and Special Event through Cooperative Learning to Raise Funds for Students with Financial Difficulties at Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology

This research was aimed (a) to develop media and special event through cooperative learning to raise funds for students with financial difficulties at Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, (b) to evaluate the quality of such media and special event, (c) to measure the learning achievements and the satisfaction of students towards cooperative learning, and (d) to measure the satisfaction of participants in such event. This research was both quantitative and qualitative. There were two sampling groups in this study. The first group consisted of 34 students who enrolled in the ETM 361 Presentation Skills II course in the second semester of the academic year 2017. The second group consisted of 297 participants in the event. The statistical analysis included means score, standard deviation and dependent t-test for research hypothesis testing. The results from the quantitative analysis showed that the quality of the contents was at a very good level (=4.90, S.D.=0.17) and the quality of the media and special event was at a very good level (=4.71, S.D.=0.43). The cooperative learning consisted of 6 stages as in 1) examining problems, 2) planning, 3) implementing, 4) reviewing and follow-up, 5) practicing and presentation, and 6) reflection and evaluation. The learning achievements of students through cooperative learning showed that their average post-test score was higher than their average pre-test score with a statistically significant difference at the.05 level. The cooperative learning increased the teamwork among the students. The students expressed the highest level of satisfaction towards the cooperative learning (=4.76, S.D.=0.42). The participants expressed a high level of satisfaction towards the event (=4.43, S.D.=0.63). The most common problem during the event was lack of communications among students and it could be resolved by the use of social network or closed group on Facebook to report activities and follow-up. The benefit from this event was that the students spent more time working for others and therefore their service mind increased. It could be concluded that the media and special event through cooperative learning could be used on future occasions.

Student funding and student success: A case study of a South African university

This study sought to establish the relationship between student matriculation results, bursary funding and academic performance. It involved an analysis of 8099 undergraduates for the 2011 cohort year at one particular high education institution in South Africa. This 2011 cohort was tracked over a period of three years. Results show that in terms of student academic performance, Grade 12 National Senior Certificate results are a weak predictor of academic success, whilst grades weighted by module credits were a statistically better predictor of performance and throughput. Thus, enrolment decisions based solely on matriculation results are not recommended. No relationship was found between either the presence, or the value of individual student bursary funding, and throughput. Thus, student academic performance is not a function of bursary funding, although merit bursaries awarded on academic merit yielded the best results. Lastly, there was a statistically significant relationship between being placed in a student residence and academic performance and throughput. That is, students accommodated in official student residences were more likely to graduate within the minimum time than those who were not.

‘Synonymization’ threat and the implications for the funding of school districts with relatively high populations of black students

ABSTRACTEducation stakeholders have used descriptors of poverty and race as if they were synonymous. This ‘synonymization’ of identities is particularly evident for black and poor students. We define ‘synonymization’ as a policy threat that emerges when policymakers conflate two marginalized identities, resulting in policies that ostensibly, but not actually, address biased structures. From this construct, we posit two claims: (1) largely poor districts are not largely black districts and (2) dollars appropriated to largely poor districts are not equivalent to dollars appropriated to largely black districts. Our analysis supports those claims. We also found that higher correlations between portion poor and portion black do not lessen the negative impact of synonymization for the collective as one would have expected. While funding and poverty were significantly associated, there was no significant association between funding and portions of black students even when poverty and black student profile were significantly linked.

The Effect of R&D Investment on Graduate Student Productivity: Evidence From the Life Sciences

AbstractThis study examines the role of graduate training and R&D investments on research productivity by focusing on the effect of federal funding for early‐career graduate students. We employ a difference‐in‐differences research design drawing upon a sample of high‐quality life science graduate students who either are award recipients or honorable mentions of the prestigious U.S. National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program. We find that a $91,000 grant over three years has a limited, yet positive impact on the awardee's productivity. These effects are driven by the sample of graduate students without publications prior to applying for the fellowship.

Exploring the Challenges of First-Year Student Funding: An Intra-Institutional Case Study

Amongst the first of the challenges facing prospective first-year university students is the need to procure funding for their studies. Indeed, demand for funding for students to access higher education far exceeds supply in South Africa. One solution has been the creation of a government loan scheme, the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS), but this scheme does not cover all students. Outside of NSFAS, student bursary funding remains limited and universities are being increasingly pressurised to allocate bursaries to ensure students are not excluded due to funding constraints. Despite this, to date, little work has been undertaken regarding university policy and management of bursary applications and funds. Thus this study represents an attempt to fill this gap. The study explores the current student funding model deployed at one particular large tertiary institution as a means to gain an understanding of current funding challenges and attempt to find ways in which funding decisions can be improved. A qualitative approach was used, which involved conducting in-depth interviews with senior university staff involved in a range of student support directorates. The study demonstrates the complexity of the challenges associated with student funding.