Student Confidence Levels Research Articles

A Factor Mixture Model for Item Responses and Certainty of Response Indices to Identify Student Knowledge Profiles

AbstractThe certainty of response index (CRI) measures respondents' confidence level when answering an item. In conjunction with the answers to the items, previous studies have used descriptive statistics and arbitrary thresholds to identify student knowledge profiles with the CRIs. Whereas this approach overlooked the measurement error of the observed item responses and indices, we address this by proposing a factor mixture model that integrates a latent class model to detect student subgroups and a measurement model to control for student ability and confidence level. Applying the model to 773 seventh graders' responses to an algebra test, where some items were related to new material that had not been taught in class, we found two subgroups: (1) students who had high confidence in answering items involving the new material; and (2) students who had low confidence in answering items involving the new material but higher general self‐confidence than the first group. We regressed the posterior probability of the group membership on gender, prior achievement, and preview behavior and found preview behavior a significant factor associated with the membership. Finally, we discussed the implications of the current study for teaching practices and future research.

Evaluating a pedagogical approach to promoting academic integrity in higher education: An online induction program.

Academic integrity is at the heart of excellent education. However, resources explaining the concept tend to be definition-driven, while using complex language and sometimes even an austere tone designed to discourage students from breaches. This study aims to design and evaluate an online module at a UK University across 2 years, designed to improve students’ understanding of concepts of academic integrity and practice. The module includes a range of interactive resources (e.g., gamified quizzes and e-booklets) and was made available to a large cohort of postgraduate students (448). The study adopts a mixed-methods approach composed of three sequential phases involving first collecting students’ views on existing academic integrity resources (7 students participating in a focus group and 39 competing a questionnaire), then developing a range of new ones based on students’ feedback to form the content of the module, and finally gathering students’ evaluation on the newly created resources (sample size: 361 students). Results illustrate a clear improvement in relation to the accessibility, usefulness and understandability of new resources. Results also highlight a remarkable increase in student confidence levels regarding academic integrity. Students also considered the new module as more appealing and informative. This manuscript offers a good example of a pedagogical approach aimed at promoting academic integrity in an innovative and engaging fashion.

Impact of an in-person small group surgical skills course for preclinical medical students in an era of increased e-learning

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic decrease in face-to-face teaching. This can particularly impact medical students' skills development. This prompted development of an in-person surgical skills course as guided by the General Medical Council "Outcomes for Graduates" facilitated by tutors with surgical experience. This study aimed to primarily assess participant confidence in surgical skills following the course. DesignThis was an interventional study assessing both qualitative and quantitative data collected prior to, during, and post course completion. Data were collected from students via online forms, which included a mixture of "Yes/No" responses, self-assessed confidence levels via Likert scales, and free type questions. SettingThe study assessed feedback for a 5-session surgical skills course delivered at the authors' institution. This is a newly designed course using low-cost materials which was free for all attendees. ParticipantsParticipants were all in the first or second year of medical school. There was capacity for 60 students, and all attendees provided informed consent to participate. ResultsA total of 446 students applied for the course with 58 participants in the final study, 31% of whom had prior surgical skills experience. There was a statistically significant increase in student confidence levels following the course for all taught surgical skills (P = .0001). Participants were also more confident that they possessed the skills required for clinical placements (P = .0001) and to work as a junior doctor (P = .01). Thematic qualitative analysis revealed a reliance on third parties for previous surgical experience; this course improved knowledge and skills for future practice. Limitations included session duration and equipment choice. ConclusionThis study demonstrates high demand and student satisfaction from this course, offering a potential framework to improve undergraduate surgical skills teaching. The results presented here have the potential to inform wider curricula development across medical schools in the future. CompetenciesMedical knowledge; practice-based learning and Improvement.

Dental Students’ Self-Confidence Level in Performing Endodontic Treatment in Dentistry Faculty of Rafsanjan University of Medical

Introduction: The students’ self-confidence level is a key factor affecting the success of endodontics learning. This study aimed to determine the confidence level of dental students who performing root canal treatment at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.
 Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire including demographic information, endodontic experience, attitude toward confidence in performing different stages of root canal treatment, and suggestions for improving the quality of endodontic education was distributed among 54 dentistry students from 5th and 6th -year during the last month of the academic semester. Data were analyzed using T-test, Pearson, and ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). 
 Results: According to the results, of 49 dental students, 24.5% reported the first cases of root canal treatment to be tough. The lowest confidence was reported for finding all root canals in teeth with multiple root canals, preparing access cavity and understanding and managing root canal treatment risks. According to the results of chi-square analysis test, the total confidence score between 5th and 6th year students was not significantly different (p value = 0.648). Also, the relationship between general selfconfidence and students' self-confidence level was not seen (p value = 0.372). There was no significant relationship between the Confidence level and age, academic year, the difficulty level of the first endodontic treatment, and number of endodontic treatments (p value > 0.05).
 Conclusion: Students had lower self-confidence finding all the canals in multi-canal teeth, in properly handling the treatment risks, and preparing the access cavity. Endodontics training should also be improved by increasing clinical sessions and using recent advances in endodontics.

Penerapan Pendekatan Learning By Doing Dalam Meningkatkan Rasa Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Tangkiling

This study aims to determine: (1) How to apply the learning by doing approach in increasing students' self-confidence. (2) The level of student confidence when the learning by doing approach is applied. The method in this research is using mixed methods with a sample of 8 fifth grade students at SDN 3 Tangkiling who are Muslim. Monogenean data collection techniques are observations, questionnaires and interviews with data analysis using the product moment correlation formula. The results of the study show that: (1) The average application of the learning by doing approach in increasing students' self-confidence is 4.15 which is included in the high category so that the learning by doing approach is applied well. (2) The level of student confidence when the learning by doing approach is applied is 97.6% which is categorized as high.

Evaluation of nursing students' efficacy, attitude, and confidence level in a perioperative setting using virtual-reality simulation.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, attitude, and level of confidence among nursing students as scrub nurses in a perioperative environment via virtual-reality simulation. The advantages of virtual reality have been demonstrated to provide a safe and effective mechanism to educate and evaluate students' performances, but the use of virtual reality in perioperative nursing remained limited. Nineteen sessions were conducted in a room equipped with virtual-reality headsets and two touch controllers. The surgical workflow of a scrub nurse was developed based on qualitative perspectives from nursing faculties and hospital clinicians working in operating theaters. A survey on the efficacy, attitude, and level of confidence among the participants was conducted after the virtual-reality simulation. Two hundred and seven nursing students due for their clinical posting in operating theaters completed the evaluation. More than 90% of them indicated "neutral" and above in terms of efficacy, attitude, and confidence level with Cronbach's α values exceeding .90. Virtual reality offers promising potential as an alternative clinical experience to physical simulation for nursing students to increase their efficacy, attitude, and level of confidence as scrub nurses in a perioperative environment through a standardized scenario-based digital environment.

Tingkat Rasa Percaya Diri Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Dalam Perkuliahan Biostatistik

Self-confidence is a personality of confidence in one's own abilities in lectures so that it is not easily influenced by others. Self-confidence is one of the aspects that must be possessed by students in the lecture process.The purpose of this study is to explore information related to how the level of confidence of STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan Health Information Management students in biostatistics owned by students.In this study, there are two aspects of self-confidence that are measured ,namely confidence in completing tasks, and confidence in learning.This research uses a quantitative approach using correlation analysis. The population used is all students of the Level 1 Health Information Management Study Program,STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan with a total of 18 people.The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling.Student self-confidence data is collected through student self-confidence questionnaires.The results of the study on the level of student confidence in completing assignments obtained there were 6 people (33.3%) who had high self-confidence , there were 8 people (44.4%) who had a sense of enough confidence and there are 4 people (22.22%) who have less self-confidence. Students of the Health Information Management Study Program level 1 have a lack of confidence because there are some students who lack the intention to study and assumes that the material of the biostatistics course is very difficult to understand. It is recommended to students to be serious in learning and increase self-confidence to ask about things that are still not understood because the more questions there will be more and more questions the more knowledge we get.

PENGARUH INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBERITAAN COVID 19 TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN MAHASISWA

Abstract
 Along with the pandemic, there is now a lot of news emerging about Covid-19 circulating on Instagram social media. The news is not immediately able to make someone wonder about the occurrence of a pandemic crisis. This type of research is quantitative explanative. The population of this research is students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who use social media Instagram with a sample of 97 respondents obtained from the slovin formula with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in the study were carried out through a survey with a questionnaire instrument. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression data analysis between the independent variable Instagram as the Covid-19 news media and the dependent variable is the level of student confidence. The results of this study explain that Instagram as a media for reporting on Covid-19 has a significant effect on the level of student trust. The influence of Instagram as media coverage of Covid-19 on the level of student confidence is 38.6% with a significance of 0.000.
 
 Keywords : Media, Covid-19 News, Instagram, Addiction Theory, Trust

Strategi Pemasaran Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Pasca Perubahan Bentuk Dari Akademi Manajemen Belitung Ke Politeknik Belitung

New student admissions play an important role in the continuity and teaching process in universities, especially at Politeknik Belitung. Improving the quality of university in terms of the quality of education and services greatly affects the confidence level of new students to choose Politeknik Belitung as the university where they study. One way to improve the quality of higher education is to upgrade deformed from Academy to a Politeknik, along with increase number of study programs. Planning a good marketing strategy concept and implementing the right marketing strategy will play an important role in achieving the target number of new student admissions. This article shows several strategies that can be used by the Politeknik Belitung through the new student admissions committee including by conducting socialization, using social media and utilizing existing resources by utilizing institutions, communities and people who are connected to the Politeknik Belitung, especially alumni who have completed education at Politeknik Belitung

Quality of Prosthodontic education and confidence in dental students towards prosthodontic treatment – A cross control study

Objective: The study aims to assess and compare the confidence of dental students when carrying out prosthodontic treatment and their perception of the quality of prosthodontic education. Material and Methods: Pre - validated questionnaire was used to assess and compare the third year, final year and intern student confidence when carrying out prosthodontic treatment and their perception of the quality of prosthodontic education. Statistical analysis used - Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 for Windows (Armonk, NY: IBM corp.). Data normality was checked by using Shapiro – Wilk test. Comparison of confidence between the third year, final year, the intern batch was done using the Chi-square test. For the perception of the quality of prosthodontic education, the level of significance (p-value) was calculated by using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA F test). Results: We found that Intern batch students were more confident when carrying out prosthodontic treatment compare to third year and final year students. The perception of the quality of prosthodontic treatment was sufficient. Conclusion: This study found that the confidence level of students increased as they proceeded the course and added further clinical experience, which supports the findings of earlier studies. It is cheering that the mass number of students upcoming graduation felt confident in starting prosthodontic treatment within a clinical setting. When designing curricula, schools should aim to provide students with as much clinical experience and detailed lectures as probable to confirm high levels of confidence and a high level of perception of the quality of prosthodontic education. Key words: prosthodontic treatment, Confidence, Questionnaire, Dental student.

The relationship between confidence and mathematics learning achievement of junior high school students

Self-confidence is very important for students to actualize their potential and information on the level of student confidence is very helpful for teachers as a basis for decision making, as well as providing feedback to improve the learning process. This study aims to investigate whether there is a positive and significant relationship between self-confidence and student mathematics achievement. This research uses quantitative research methods, namely ex post facto type with a population of VII grade students of SMP Puspita Tangerang which consists of 5 classes total 188 students. Determination of the number of samples looked at the table of Issac and Michael with α = 0.05 and obtained a sample of 123 students. The data analysis of this study used a high confidence level of 95%. Based on the results of the simple linear regression test, it is found that the equation Ŷ = 21,714 + 0,374x means that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-confidence and student mathematics achievement. Then, the simple correlation coefficient test result count.

Impact of explainable artificial intelligence assistance on clinical decision-making of novice dental clinicians.

ObjectiveDespite artificial intelligence (AI) being used increasingly in healthcare, implementation challenges exist leading to potential biases during the clinical decision process of the practitioner. The interaction of AI with novice clinicians was investigated through an identification task, an important component of diagnosis, in dental radiography. The study evaluated the performance, efficiency, and confidence level of dental students on radiographic identification of furcation involvement (FI), with and without AI assistance.Materials and MethodsTwenty-two third- and 19 fourth-year dental students (DS3 and DS4, respectively) completed remotely administered surveys to identify FI lesions on a series of dental radiographs. The control group received radiographs without AI assistance while the test group received the same radiographs and AI-labeled radiographs. Data were appropriately analyzed using the Chi-square, Fischer’s exact, analysis of variance, or Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsPerformance between groups with and without AI assistance was not statistically significant except for 1 question where tendency was to err with AI-generated answer (P < .05). The efficiency of task completion and confidence levels was not statistically significant between groups. However, both groups with and without AI assistance believed the use of AI would improve the clinical decision-making.DiscussionDental students detecting FI in radiographs with AI assistance had a tendency towards over-reliance on AI.ConclusionAI input impacts clinical decision-making, which might be particularly exaggerated in novice clinicians. As it is integrated into routine clinical practice, caution must be taken to prevent overreliance on AI-generated information.

Peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Berbicara di Depan Kelas Melalui Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok Teknik Sosiodrama

This research is based on the phenomenon that there are still students who are not confident when performing in front of the class, so it negatively affects the development of student learning in school. The study aims to test the effectiveness of group guidance services with sociodramatic techniques in improving students' confidence in speaking in front of a class. This study uses a pre-experimental approach with the design of The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. A total of 10 students of State Junior High School 4 Sungai Penuh who participated in group guidance activities with sociodrama techniques were selected through purposive sampling techniques and student confidence level data was revealed using a confidence scale that had been tested for validity and rehabilitation. Then the data that has been collected is analyzed using the Formula Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results revealed that group guidance services with sociodrama techniques are effectively used to improve their health.

A General Assessment of Confidence and Life Orientation among Medical Students

To measure the level of confidence and components of life orientation among medical students and compare the confidence level with respect to gender and study program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data from 385 students using a Standard questionnaire developed and available online by University of Stirling. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare confidence level of students with respect to gender and study programs. Results: There were 49.73% males and 50.27% females in this study and among them, 82.97% MBBS students, 10.81% of Nursing and 6.22% of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. The mean self esteem level in students was very low i.e. 15.8351±3.1178, mean optimism level, self efficacy and mindset level were all low i.e. 6.3568±2.28753, 2.8792±.56600, and 3.9061±1.25499 respectively that means students were generally under-confident. There was no median difference of any component of confidence level with respect to gender and study programs, except optimism which was slightly higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: The average level of four components of life orientation i.e. optimism, self esteem, self efficacy and mindset as well as average confidence level were all low among medical students irrespective of gender and study programs.

A General Assessment of Confidence and Life Orientation among Medical Students

To measure the level of confidence and components of life orientation among medical students and compare the confidence level with respect to gender and study program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data from 385 students using a Standard questionnaire developed and available online by University of Stirling. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare confidence level of students with respect to gender and study programs. Results: There were 49.73% males and 50.27% females in this study and among them, 82.97% MBBS students, 10.81% of Nursing and 6.22% of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. The mean self esteem level in students was very low i.e. 15.8351±3.1178, mean optimism level, self efficacy and mindset level were all low i.e. 6.3568±2.28753, 2.8792±.56600, and 3.9061±1.25499 respectively that means students were generally under-confident. There was no median difference of any component of confidence level with respect to gender and study programs, except optimism which was slightly higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: The average level of four components of life orientation i.e. optimism, self esteem, self efficacy and mindset as well as average confidence level were all low among medical students irrespective of gender and study programs.

Medical Spanish Endocrinology Educational Module.

IntroductionHispanic/Latinx patients experience health disparities in endocrine disease, such as higher rates of mortality due to diabetes mellitus, worse outcomes in the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer, and lack of knowledge about bone health and osteoporotic fracture prevention. Educational strategies to teach cultural and linguistic medical Spanish knowledge to medical students have the potential to improve Hispanic/Latinx endocrine health.MethodsWe created an 8-hour medical Spanish endocrine module targeting language and cultural skills acquisition. Specifically, students practiced obtaining a past medical history, obtaining a medications history, providing and explaining a diagnosis, explaining discharge instructions, and discussing sociocultural aspects of endocrine health. We divided the module into four 2-hour sessions: (1) preclass self-study, (2) class period, (3) role-play/interviewing practice session, and (4) case/cultural activity assignment. Participants completed a pre- and postassessment to measure student confidence level and knowledge.ResultsWe implemented the module four times at one medical school, with 47 fourth-year medical students with intermediate or higher general Spanish skills. Confidence increased for all learners in the endocrine-focused interview and exam in Spanish. Heritage Spanish learners, who were exposed to Spanish at home as children, reported higher postmodule confidence in eliciting the past medical history of endocrine problems.DiscussionThe medical Spanish endocrine module improved the communication skills of medical students with intermediate through advanced Spanish proficiency. Future study should evaluate learner clinical performance metrics and applications to other groups of learners, such as resident physicians or health professions involved in the care of patients with endocrine disease.

Using the SNAPPS model to develop student physical therapist decision-making skills during new patient encounters in the outpatient clinic: a pilot study

Rationale: The SNAPPS (summarize, narrow, analyze, probe, plan, select) model is a six-step teaching tool that facilitates decision-making in clinic environments. The tool promotes active communication between students and clinical instructors (CIs) and positions the student as lead in the learning scenario. The current study employed the SNAPPS model for use with student physical therapists. The purpose of the study was to gauge changes in perceptions of verbal ability, decision-making, and confidence levels following new patient evaluations where the SNAPPS model was utilized. Methods: Participating student and CI partners received training to learn the SNAPPS model with fidelity. Log worksheets guided students through the SNAPPS steps. After new patient encounters, student and CI partners rated student verbal skills, decision-making, and confidence levels using mirrored statements. Representative early, middle, and late week ratings were compared for change. Results: Six of forty-eight (12.5%) eligible students participated. Student and CI assessments were not significantly different, indicating reliable student self-assessment. Improvements were noted in students’ (1) skill in providing a verbal rationale, (2) ability to generate thoughtful and relevant learning prompts, (3) confidence in diagnosing pathology and impairment, and (4) confidence in selecting an appropriate intervention. Clinical relevance: The SNAPPS model is a clinical education tool that shows promise toward improving thought process verbalization and confidence levels for the student seeing new patients in an outpatient setting. This active learning experience can promote accountability for learning and enhance student verbal and analytical skills.

Confidence Level and Experience of Undergraduate Students toward Root Canal Preparation using Rotary versus Manual Root Canal Instrumentation: Preliminary Study

Background: The assessment of experience, difficulties encountered, and comparison of root canal preparation using manual versus rotary technique among undergraduate students is needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of undergraduate dental students' first-time experience using Nickel–Titanium rotary instruments for root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 26 final year undergraduate dental students of batch 15 (2014–2015) from the University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan. A self-administered questionnaire composed of two parts; in the first part the questions were relating to the students' confidence levels and experience of clinical root canal treatment using both rotary and manual instruments, while the second part focused on the comparison between rotary and manual instrumentation; difficulties encountered, complications, and preferences. The Chi-square test was used for comparison between different variables with the level of statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The majority (80.8%) had a satisfactory first-time experience when using rotary instruments in the root canal treatment of their patients. When using rotary, 26.7% of students experienced separated instruments, and 30% experienced over-preparation. However, the most common complications arising with the use of a manual instrument was ledge formation (23.4%). The most common canal in which separation of instruments occurred was the mesiobuccal canal of molar teeth with percentages of 72.7% for rotary and 52.9% for manual. The most commonly separated rotary file was S1 Protaper (77.8%). Conclusion: The majority of the undergraduate students had a satisfactory experience when using rotary instruments for root canal treatment. A high prevalence of complications was associated with the use of either rotary or manual technique. The most common complication was the separation of the instrument in the mesiobuccal canal of molar teeth.

Teacher Trainees Perceptions of Think-Pair-Share Technique in Teaching Classification of Living Organisms in Colleges of Education – Ghana

The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of teacher trainees on the use of think-pair-share in teaching and learning of classification of living organisms. The study adopted a quantitative approach. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to report the results of the study. Frequency counts and percentages were used to report the teacher trainees’ perceptions about the impact of think-pair-share learning technique in the teaching and learning of classification of living organisms. The study was carried out in Enchi College of Education in the Aowin Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Stratified, simple random, and systematic sampling techniques were used to select 80 respondents for the study. This was made up of 30 level 300, 30 level 200, and 20 level 100 students, respectively. The participants were subjected to think-pair-share learning technique of teaching. The instrument used for the data collection was a questionnaire guide. The findings of the study revealed that, think-pair-share learning technique of teaching motivate and engage, provide immediate feedback, develop social and physical skills simultaneously, help students to learn with fun and increase students interest and confidence level. It was therefore recommended that creative approach such as think-pair-share learning technique should be adopted by science tutors in Colleges of Education for effective teaching and learning.

The Lack of Sexual Health Education in Medical Training Leaves Students and Residents Feeling Unprepared

Despite physicians frequently caring for patients with sexual health issues, only 50% of United States medical schools require formal education in sexual medicine, and there are currently no guidelines pertaining to this with research which found that medical trainees are ill-equipped to provide sexual healthcare. This study aims to identify areas to improve sexual health training in order to increase physician confidence and competence in evaluating and training patients with sexual health problems. A prospective survey was sent via REDCap to medical students (n=190, 68.6%), residents (n=75, 27.1%), and fellows (n=11, 3.9%) via a known listserv. Participants (N=276, ∼15% response rate) were asked to provide demographic information, whether they received sexual health training during medical school and rate their confidence in addressing patients' sexual health concerns. Medical students and residents currently do not receive sufficient education on sexual health and medicine, particularly in fields outside of OB-GYN and Urology, leaving them underqualified and less confident than needed for adequate patient care. 65.6% of trainees reported receiving formal sexual health education, while 13.9% received informal education, and 20.6% received no education during medical school. Although trainees desire to understand a patients' sexual health (P < .001), only residents in a relevant field (Urology, OB-GYN) felt confident in their ability to assist patients with a sexual health issue (P=.013). All other trainees lacked confidence in attending to sexual health concerns (P < .001), regardless of training level (P > .1). More efforts should be made to integrate sexual health education into medical school curriculum. The strength of this study includes specific evaluation of medical student and resident confidence level with 15 individual sexual health topics. The limitations include that the demographic was regionally confined to the Midwest of the United States and women were more strongly represented among medical students. Due to the lack of standardized education, medical trainees (except for Urology and OB-GYN residents) feel unprepared to treat patients with sexual health issues, and medical schools should make sexual health education mandatory. Beebe S, Payne N, Posid T, etal. The Lack of Sexual Health Education in Medical Training Leaves Students and Residents Feeling Unprepared. J Sex Med 2021;18:1998-2004.