Student-athletes Research Articles

Effects of Cumulative Head Impact Exposure in Adolescent Male Contact and Collision Sport Student Athletes.

This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between head impact exposure (HIE) and neuropsychological sequelae in high school football and ice hockey players over 1 year. Community sample. A cohort of 52 adolescent American football and ice hockey players were enrolled in the study, with a final study sample of 35 included in analyses. The study followed a prospective cohort design, with participants undergoing neuropsychological screening and accelerometer-based measurement of HIE over 1 season. Changes in cognition, emotions, behavior, and reported symptoms were assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests and self-reported questionnaires. Cumulative HIE was not consistently associated with changes in cognition, emotions, behavior, or reported symptoms. However, it was linked to an isolated measure of processing speed, showing inconsistent results based on the type of HIE. History of previous concussion was associated with worsened verbal memory recognition (ImPACT Verbal Memory) but not on a more robust measure of verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT]). Reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder history predicted improved neurocognitive change scores. No associations were found between reported history of anxiety/depression or headaches/migraines and neuropsychological change scores. Overall, our findings do not support the hypothesis that greater HIE is associated with an increase in neuropsychological sequelae over time in adolescent football and ice hockey players. The results align with the existing literature, indicating that HIE over 1 season of youth sports is not consistently associated with significant neuropsychological changes. However, the study is limited by a small sample size, attrition over time, and the absence of performance validity testing for neurocognitive measures. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples, longer follow-up, and integration of advanced imaging and biomarkers are needed to comprehensively understand the relationship between HIE and neurobehavioral outcomes. Findings can inform guidelines for safe youth participation in contact sports while promoting the associated health and psychosocial benefits.

Collegiate Sports Participation, Academic Achievement, and Bachelor's Degree Completion1

Popular attention to the multi‐million‐dollar enterprise of collegiate sports often centers on the extent to which student athletes are academically engaged. In this article, we draw on a national sample of approximately 5,000 college‐goers, employ key comparisons (i.e., high‐visibility student athletes, nonrevenue student athletes, and nonathletes), and consider background disadvantages and collegiate division levels relative to achievement (i.e., grade point average) and bachelor's degree completion. Analyses show that once background attributes and division levels are accounted for, there is little difference in achievement and attainment between high‐visibility student athletes and their nonathlete peers. There is, however, a dual advantage in 4‐year degree completion for those playing other collegiate sports—an advantage tied to their more privileged family and educational backgrounds and their participation in intercollegiate athletics itself. Our results in these regards are robust to several restrictive and analytically rigorous modeling strategies. We conclude by highlighting the implications for higher education research and its attention to inequality, educational representation, institutional processes, and student success.

Disordered eating is not associated with musculoskeletal injury in university athletes.

Musculoskeletal injuries and disordered eating are prevalent in varsity-level athletes but are not associated in our participants.

Enhancement of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah's Student Management

Student management is necessary for the educational process to be successful. Located on Jalan Ramin Palangka Raya, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri II Palangka Raya is a popular Islamic secondary school that many families send their kids to. The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize the following aspects: Planning for student management, 2) welcoming new students, 3) student orientation events, 4) student records and reports, 5) student growth and supervision, and a description of how student management is being implemented at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri II Palangka Raya are all included. This study employed a qualitative approach to explain the phenomenon of student management implementation at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri II Palangka Raya. Observation, interviews, documentation studies, and triangulation were the methods used to acquire data; analysis, validity testing, and conclusion drafting came next. Regarding the research's issues, secondary informants provided support for the Headmaster, who served as the primary informant. The study's findings indicate that: 1) Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri II Palangka Raya's student planning began with an examination of the needs of the students, then moved on to student recruitment and selection. 2) A Committee of Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) oversaw the recruitment and selection of students. A few teachers were chosen by the headmaster to lead the committee. The committee chose new pupils using two criteria: the candidate's record of accomplishment and regular method. 3) The Vice Headmaster of Student Affairs oversaw and controlled the OSIM's student orientation programs. 4) Student records and reports have been created, for example, by keeping track of students' daily attendance lists to learn about their academic progress and provide study support. 5) Student development and supervision were carried out through intra- and extracurricular activities like student athletics, student scouting, and OSIM. To foster the student's interest and talent, all of the activities were carried out under constant observation.

“Someday it will be better again”: upper-secondary student athletes’ experiences of schoolwork and sport 7 and 14 months after the COVID-19 outbreak

ABSTRACT Globally, educational systems were thoroughly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Upper-secondary students were faced with school closures and distance education. For student-athletes, the COVID-19 pandemic, besides academic stress, also contributed to sports-related stress. In this paper, we explore upper-secondary school student athletes’ experiences of schoolwork and sport during two phases of the pandemic. A qualitative research design was used, and 53 student-athletes participated in focus group interviews. Three themes appeared: Struggling to cope with the new life situation, Reevaluating and longing for social life, and Speeding up the transition to adulthood. The themes were elucidated from temporal perspectives. The students experienced challenges in handling school, sports, and social life, but they also experienced opportunities for personal development. Student-athletes are a common responsibility between schools and sports, and, based on the results, schools and sports in collaboration need to increase readiness for action when major societal challenges, such as pandemics, occur.

Investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and sportsmanship behavior levels of students participating in school sports

The aim of this research is to examine the emotional intelligence and sportsmanship behavior levels of student athletes who take part in the girls and boys basketball teams competing in the star and junior category in the basketball semi-finals organized by the Turkish School Sports Federation within the scope of school sports. In the research, it is envisaged that suggestions will be made for planning emotional intelligence training to improve the sportsmanship behavior of national and international professional basketball player candidates, and that it will make positive contributions to the sports lives of the athletes and indirectly to their social lives. Quantitative research method was used in the research. The sample of the research is a simple random sample of the 10-17 age group middle school and high school athletes participating in the girls and boys semi-finals in the school sports basketball star and youth a categories, which are included in the school sports activity program of the 2022-2023 season academic year. It consists of 239 students selected by the method. Emotional Intelligence and Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation scales were applied to the participants. SPSS statistical package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Frequency analysis, percentage trend analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis were performed descriptively in the analyses. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis were interpreted and reported. According to the research results; a significant and weak relationship was found between the emotional intelligence and sportsmanship behavior levels of the athlete students. The use of emotional intelligence by basketball athlete students can be associated with their sportsmanship behaviors in basketball competitions. Course or weekly course topics that will increase the emotional intelligence development of students studying at this level can be added to the curriculum. In this sense, the study can give ideas about students' emotional intelligence training needs, career development and improvement areas.

Extracurricular Involvement as a Predictor of Bystander Intervention to Prevent Interpersonal Violence

Nonconsensual sexual activity remains a prominent and troubling aspect of undergraduate student life at U.S. colleges and universities. Past research revealed that 23.6% of female undergraduate students, and 5.8% of male undergrads, had experienced nonconsensual sexual contact. Given the scope of the problem, identifying groups of students inclined to intervene to prevent violence is crucial. This research examines whether students who participate in extracurricular activities on campus are more likely to have heard of antiviolence prevention efforts, and to be willing to intervene in two types of scenarios” those that involve emergent situations and those that involve attempting to change cultural norms that support violence. Greek-affiliated students and student athletes are included as special cases of extracurricular involvement. Data are drawn from a random cluster sample of students at a college in the Northeastern United States. Results demonstrated that students involved in extracurricular activities were more likely to have heard about campus antiviolence campaigns but were not necessarily more likely to intervene to prevent violence. However, students involved in multiple extracurricular activities were significantly more likely than their noninvolved peers to intend to intervene. Greek-affiliated males and male athletes were no less likely to intervene than were other involved males and were more likely to say that they would intervene in emergent situations. Regression analyses revealed that students with more marginalized identities (students of color and those coming from low-income backgrounds) were more likely to intervene in ways that disrupt prevailing cultural norms around violence, as were males who were in extracurricular activities (excluding Greek-affiliated males and male athletes). Educators can use this information to tailor their antiviolence programming to groups of students who are involved on campus.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison Study of the Relationships Between Perceived Coaching Behaviors and Student Athletes’ Competitive Anxiety

Purposes: Student athletes from different cultures might differ in the ways that they experience competitive anxiety, and their coaches with dissimilar cultural backgrounds might also present distinct behavioral traits in coaching. The study assessed and compared the competitive anxiety experienced by Chinese student athletes (in a collectivist culture) and American student athletes (in an individualist culture) by using a new competitive anxiety model and examined how their distinct ways of experiencing competitive anxiety might relate to the leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches. Method: Relevant measures were administered to 258 Chinese student athletes and 214 American student athletes to assess their competitive anxiety and perceived leading behaviors of their coaches. Results: Chinese student athletes scored significantly higher on social expectation anxiety and somatic anxiety in comparison with American student athletes. Chinese student athletes perceived higher levels of training and instruction, and autocratic behaviors of coaches, and American student athletes perceived higher levels of democratic behaviors of coaches. Conclusions: This study revealed the different ways of experiencing certain aspects of competitive anxiety between Chinese and American student athletes, which could be at least partially explained by the distinct leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches perceived by student athletes in the research.

Validation and Clinical Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as Depression Screening Tools in Collegiate Student-Athletes.

The National Athletic Trainers' Association recommends including mental health screening measures as part of the preparticipation examination for all student-athletes (SAs). Despite this recommendation, most mental health screening tools have not been validated in the SA population. To validate and examine the clinical utility of 2 depression screening tools in the collegiate SA population. Cross-sectional mixed-methods study. Two Northeastern United States university athletics programs. A total of 881 (men = 426, 48.4%; women = 455, 51.6%; mean age = 19.7 ± 1.4 years) National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II collegiate SAs completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); 290 SAs participated in a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Depression symptoms were measured using 2 self-report depression screening tools, the PHQ-9 and CES-D, during the fall preparticipation examination. The SAs were selected using a random stratified sampling technique to participate in a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the reference standard comparison for the receiver operating characteristic analysis. A cutoff score of 6 on the PHQ-9 corresponded to 78% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 17.3% positive predictive value, 98.1% negative predictive value (NPV), 3.2 positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and 0.3 negative likelihood ratio (-LR). A cutoff score of 15 on the CES-D corresponded to 83% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 19.7% positive predictive value, 98.6% NPV, 3.7 +LR, and 0.22 -LR. This was the first study to validate depression screening tools in the collegiate SA population. The results suggest cutoff scores on the PHQ-9 and CES-D in SA may need to be lower than those recommended for the general population and provide strong evidence for use as screeners to rule out depression. Referral and confirmatory testing should be implemented to confirm the presence of depression for SAs scoring at or above the cutoff thresholds. Given its brevity, inclusion of a suicidality or self-harm question and evidence of -LR and NPV strength, the PHQ-9 is a practical and effective screener for the SA population.

Impact Of Social Support On Increasing Motivation Of Student Athlete Performance

The study aims to find out the impact of social support on the motivation of an athlete student to perform in academic or sporting fields. The author hopes to implement social support for athlete students, especially those close to them, to increase their motivation. The subjects of this study were 35 students athletes on students of sports science using purposive sampling techniques. The research method uses quantitative research, which is a method of correlation analysis with the type of prediction study to provide information about the influence of social support on the motivation of students athletes. The results of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between social support and academic pretrial motivation and student athlete sports. Target linear and single correlation tests using spss 25 application, showing a significance of <0,05. Obtained the end result that social support can affect the increased motivation of academic and sporting achievement in student athletes.

大学生アスリートに対するキャリア移行支援に関する文献レビュー

This literature review aimed to investigate the literature on career support for university student-athletes to facilitate their career transitions and explore specific support components. National and international databases were searched using terms such as “student athlete,” “career,” and “intervention” and a final total of seven studies were selected. Robust data are not provided because of variations in theoretical background, study design, and outcomes. The content and effectiveness of support for student-athletes were described for each intervention period and support was categorized into six components: (1) Clarifying values and interests, (2) Identifying skills, strengths, and transferable skills acquired throughout their athletic career, (3) Providing or collecting information on work and occupations, (4) Expanding values and interests, and directing their attention to new areas, (5) Based on (1) to (4), considering links with the labor market and developing a career plan, and (6) Providing general support on career transitions. Stakeholders providing career support to university student-athletes should consider the six components presented in this review. In the future, data should be gathered to provide evidence-based practice, as well as examining the relationships between components and identifying which components provide more effective support.

Sleep Quality and Chronotype of Young Athletes Addicted to Smartphones During Ramadan Observance

Objective: Problematic smartphone use is associated with social, physical, and mental health issues, including chronotype and sleep patterns. During Ramadan intermittent fasting, these factors were more affected. However, no study explored problematic smartphone use and sleep patterns during Ramadan. Thus, the present study explored problematic smartphone use, sleep patterns, and chronotypes among athletic sample during Ramadan and assessed their relationship.Methods: Fifty athlete students (18.44±0.79 years) were voluntarily involved in this prospective cohort study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) were used to collect information on sleep quality and circadian preferences, respectively, before one week of Ramadan (baseline). Then, the participants repeated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and completed the Arabic version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale short version (SAS-sv) at the end of Ramadan.Results: Of the 50 patients, 38% of the participants demonstrated problematic smartphone use. Ramadan showed no significant impact on sleep quality. Problematic smartphone use was not associated with sleep quality or chronotype. Nevertheless, it was negatively correlated with chronotype.Conclusion: High prevalence of smartphones and sleep quality was reported during Ramadan. The associations between sleep quality and problematic smartphone use were not confirmed. However, there is a negative relationship between chronotype and problematic smartphone use. The study suggests more focus on how athlete students can exploit physical exercise as a healthy alternative to keep control of excessive use of smartphones.

Assessing Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance among Male Field Hockey Varsity Student Athletes and Non-Athletes

Assessing Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance among Male Field Hockey Varsity Student Athletes and Non-Athletes

Self-Compassion Predicts Student Athletes’ Negative and Positive Affect After Remembering Exercise-Related Setbacks

"Introduction. Previous findings show that self-compassion is an important resource for athletes, being associated with less fear of failure and better adaptation to obstacles. Objective. The study examines the role of self-compassion in predicting student athletes’ negative and positive affect after recalling a negative, shameful experience of physical training. It examines the extent to which self-compassion can predict the different types of positive (soothing and activating) and negative affect in this context. Method. In a correlational design, self-compassion levels were measured in N = 62 student-athletes using the Self-Compassion Scale- Short Form. After remembering a training-related setback, levels of soothing and activating positive affect were measured using the Types of Positive Affect Scale, and levels of negative affect were assessed with the Emotional Distress Profile. Results. Results indicated that self-compassion is a significant positive predictor of both types of positive affect and a negative predictor of negative affect after recalling a negative shameful experience related to physical training. Conclusion. Confirming previous findings, self-compassion was a relevant construct in the sport context, predicting students’ affect. These results suggest that interventions to improve self-compassion may be adaptive for athletes, and may improve their affect, probably leading to more optimal sport motivation, however, interventional studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion interventions in optimizing athletes’ affect and motivation. Keywords: self-compassion, athletes, affect, exercise. "

A Big Data Survey on Lower Extremity Injuries and Prevention of Athletic Students in General Colleges and Universities

INTRODUCTION: Athletics is trendy; many events rely heavily on lower body coordination. With the development of track and field, lower extremity injuries in track and field also occur frequently. In general colleges and universities, lower limb injuries in track and field not only affect students' physical and mental health but also affect students' daily life and Training.
 OBJECTIVES: This paper examines the causes of lower limb injuries in students and suggests measures and recommendations for preventing lower limb injuries to increase the importance of lower limb injuries and reduce the rate of lower limb injuries in students.
 METHODS: Combined with big data, the linear regression model was used, along with the literature method, questionnaire survey method and logical analysis method, to investigate the lower limb injuries of track and field students in general colleges and universities and analyze the survey results.
 RESULTS: The following points were summarized: the lower limb injury rate of track and field students was as high as 79.03%, mainly focusing on ankles, followed by knees and joints; joint sprains dominated lower limb injuries, and the degree of injuries mainly was mild to moderate; the main factors affecting lower limb injuries included preparatory activities, technical movements, physical fitness and self-protection awareness; and the students did not have enough knowledge of and paid enough attention to the prevention of injuries.
 CONCLUSION: The research in this paper can provide some references for more track and field students to help them have better careers.

Common Skin Infections in High School Athletes and the Role of the School Nurse.

Skin infections in high school athletes pose a risk of transmission to other student athletes. Therefore, it is important to promptly identify possible skin infections and refer them to the healthcare provider for treatment so athletes can return to play quickly and with little interruption to the team. Common skin infections include bacterial infections such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, viral infections such as herpes simplex and molluscum contagiosum, and fungal infections such as tinea corporis and capitis. The National Federation of State High School Associations provides guidance for the prevention of skin infections as well as return to play guidelines. The school nurse and high school athletic trainer are both healthcare professionals who play a role in preventing, identifying, monitoring, and caring for student athletes who contract skin infections.

Anxiety and Depression Prevalence in Incoming Division I Collegiate Athletes From 2017 to 2021.

Young adults report increased rates of anxiety and depression than other age groups. Furthermore, young adult athletes experience additional stressors that may negatively impact their mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among Division I collegiate athletes and the influences of sex, sport type, and distance from home. It was hypothesized that self-reported levels of anxiety and depression would increase among this population during this timeframe. Cross-sectional. Level 3. Participants included 792 incoming Division I collegiate athletes. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were completed by all incoming student athletes at a single institution as part of their preparticipation examination over 5 years. Both survey scores were categorized into different levels of severity and separately compared with chi-square tests. Continuous scores were modeled separately using negative binomial regression models including year, sex, sport type, and home location as covariates. Results showed consistent levels of anxiety and depression over time. Female athletes reported higher levels of both anxiety and depression than male athletes, and individual sport athletes reported higher levels of depression than team sport athletes. Distance from home was not associated with anxiety or depression levels. Overall, levels of anxiety and depression did not change in this population over this time period. However, differences in anxiety and depression were seen between sexes and depression between sport types. Understanding anxiety and depression risk factors among collegiate athletes can enhance early identification and intervention to improve mental health and allow for better allocation of resources to at-risk groups among Division I collegiate athletes.

Prevalence, Knowledge, and Perceived Impact of Urinary Incontinence in Female Collegiate Athletes

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent among collegiate female athletes at much higher rates than in sedentary women. Athletes participating in high-impact sports have a greater risk of UI, which can negatively impact performance. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of UI among female collegiate athletes, (2) to evaluate the impact of incontinence on individual function and perceived athletic performance, and (3) to determine athletes' awareness of physical therapist management of UI. Study Design: An observational, cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used. Methods: Two hundred seventy-nine female collegiate student athletes were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey included informed consent, questions about age and athletic participation, and questions about participants' experience with UI and knowledge of pelvic floor physical therapy. Descriptive statistics were performed to identify frequencies for age and sports/athletic participation. Frequencies for all variables were used as an exploratory measure to assess sample characteristics. Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between demographic variables and survey responses. Results: Online surveys were received from 52 respondents. Twenty-one (40.4%) reported never experiencing UI. In those who did report UI, it was consistent with activities related to stress UI. Most respondents were not aware that physical therapists treat pelvic floor dysfunction including UI. Conclusion: Prevalence of UI among female college athletes was consistent with prior research. More education is needed in this population on the impact and treatment of UI, including the role of physical therapists.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Clinical Outcome Following Concussion in Adolescents.

Whether social determinants of health are associated with clinical outcome following concussion among adolescents is not well established. The present study examined whether neighborhood-level determinants are associated with clinical recovery time following concussion in adolescents. Participants included adolescent student athletes (n = 130; mean age = 16.6, standard deviation = 1.2; 60.8% boys, 39.2% girls) who attended one of nine selected high schools in Maine, USA. The Area of Deprivation Index (ADI), an indicator of neighborhood disadvantage was used to group high schools as either high or low in neighborhood disadvantage. Athletic trainers entered injury and recovery dates into an online surveillance application between September 2014 and January 2020. Chi-squared analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to compare the groups on two clinical outcomes: days to return to school and days to return to sports. Results of chi-squared tests did not reveal between-group differences in return to school at 21 or 28 days. However, groups differed in the percentage of adolescents who had returned to sports by 21 days (greater neighborhood disadvantage, 62.5%, lesser neighborhood disadvantage 82.0%, χ2 = 4.96, p = 0.03, odds ratio [OR] = 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-6.74) and 28 days (greater neighborhood disadvantage, 78.6%, lesser neighborhood disadvantage 94.0%, χ2 = 5.18, p = 0.02, OR = 4.27, 95% CI, 1.13-16.16) following concussion. A larger proportion of adolescents attending schools located in areas of greater neighborhood disadvantage took more than 21 and 28 days to return to sports. These results indicate an association between a multi-faceted proxy indicator of neighborhood disadvantage and clinical outcome following concussion. Further research is needed to better characterize factors underlying group differences in time to return to sports and the interactions between neighborhood disadvantage and other correlates of clinical recovery following concussion.

How the NCAA Is Solving Alcohol Abuse on College Campuses Through Marketing Strategies

The National Collegiate Athletic Association is an American college sports league that is popular in the United States and even around the world. It includes many different kinds of sports, and almost all have a high level. Basketball is one of the representative sports in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. There is an annual sports championship that is the most popular in America and is held in March of each year. National Collegiate Athletic Association sports events have a very high degree of attention and a very strong mass base. Not only the basketball is a popular sport in National Collegiate Athletic Association, track and field are also popular. In addition to basketball and track and field, the National Collegiate Athletic Association also includes other sports such as football, baseball and others and they are all concerned and loved by people. Alcohol abuse among college students is a serious public health problem that plagues many American college students. This situation also leads to serious illnesses associated with alcohol for adolescents. More than just disease, the act of drinking alcohol is likely to lead to future alcohol dependence in adolescents. Student athletes have an even more serious alcohol abuse problem. This article mainly studies the National Collegiate Athletic Association's use of different marketing methods to solve the long-standing problem of alcohol abuse by college athletes. Furthermore, through marketing to eliminate the negative impact and make college students pay more attention to the problem of alcohol abuse, so that they can get better athletic performance, academic performance and physical health, and also enable them to effectively avoid criminal problems that may be caused by drinking.