Stryphnodendron Polyphyllum Research Articles

Extraction, characterization, and evaluation of galactomannan from Barbatimão Verdadeiro as a potential additive for enhanced oil recovery fluids

Polymers play a crucial role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by increasing the viscosity of injection fluids and enhancing oil displacement. The widely used polymer, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), faces performance degradation in high-salinity and high-temperature environments. This study explores galactomannan from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum seeds as an alternative viscosifying agent for EOR fluids. An extraction process for galactomannan from Barbatimão Verdadeiro seeds was developed, yielding 23.3% m/m. The biopolymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Rheological behavior was tested in brines of different salinities, and injectivity/filterability tests were performed following API RP 63:1990 standards. The galactomannan obtained from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum exhibited a mannose-to-galactose ratio of 1.32. Rheological analysis showed pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosities of 38 cP in brine solutions at 7.37 s−1 and 60 °C. Filterability tests demonstrated satisfactory injectivity with factors of 1.09 (8 µm) and 0.67 (1.2 µm). Compared to HPAM, galactomannan exhibited superior viscosity retention in high-salinity conditions, where HPAM dropped to 6 cP. The galactomannan extracted from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum seeds is a promising biopolymer for EOR applications, offering superior performance under harsh conditions compared to traditional HPAM. Its resilience to high salinity and temperature makes it a viable alternative for pre-salt and offshore fields, contributing to more sustainable and efficient oil recovery.

Evaluation of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mart.) pollen as antioxidant and antibacterial potential

El polen de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mart.), típicamente conocido como barbatimão, es un problema para los apicultores con apiarios cerca de la planta, debido a toxicidad del polen para las abejas. El objetivo fue evaluar la actividad antioxidante, antibacteriana, determinar fenoles totales y taninos en el extracto etanólico. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó por método DPPH. La actividad antibacteriana se realizó por método de microdilución. Los taninos totales y fenoles se determinaron por método espectrofotométrico. Tuvimos resultados con actividad inhibitoria y bactericida para Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius y Lactobacillus paracasei. Se determinó EC50 de 7.42mg/mL en la actividad antioxidante. Para compuestos fenólicos y tánicos los resultados comparados con la curva de calibración son 3,12±0,005g/100g de muestra expresados como ácido gálico y 7,3±0,03g/100g de muestra expresados como ácido tánico. Pollen from the Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mart.), typically known as barbatimão, is a problem for beekeepers who have apiaries close to the plant, due to pollen toxicity for bees. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activity, determine the total phenols and tannins present in the ethanolic extract. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. Antibacterial activity was performed by the microdilution method.Total tannins and phenols were determined by the spectrophotometric method. We had results with inhibitory and bactericidal activity for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus paracasei. It was determined EC50 of 7.42mg/mL in the antioxidant activity. For phenolic and tannic compounds the results compared to the calibration curve are 3.12±0.005g/100g of sample expressed as gallic acid and 7.3±0.03g/100g of sample expressed as tannic acid.

Are rare velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) to feed on extrafloral nectar?

The family Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) is represented by solitary aculeate wasps with high sexual dimorphism. The adult females are wingless and usually immature parasitoids of other insects and males are most often winged and generally feed on nectar. There are few records in the literature of adults of mutillidae wasps feeding on extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and still less in Brazil. Here, we report six fortuitous observations of mutillid wasps feeding on extrafloral nectar and their behavior in different plants in a reserve of cerrado sensu stricto, in Uberlândia, Brazil. We observed six species of mutillid wasps: Traumatomutilla sp. and Traumatomutilla latevittata feeding on EFNs of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Hoplocrates sp. feeding on the EFNs of Eriotheca gracilipes,Timulla sp. feeding on the EFNs of Banisteriopsis malifolia, Hoplomutilla sp. feeding on the EFNs of Qualea grandiflora and an unidentified male species in Qualea multiflora. All mutillid wasps showed similar behavior on the plants. They quickly climbed on to the plant and foraged over with frequent movements of the antennas until they found the EFNs. We suggest that it is not a fortuitous observations, neither rare. We are just not looking with the needed attention to EFNs.

Adaptive and diagnostic significance of the bark of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Leguminosae) from the Cerrado

Bark comprises structurally and functionally complex plant tissues, providing a rich source of traits for taxonomic, phylogenetic, evolutionary and ecological studies. We compared bark traits of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. (Leguminosae) specimens growing in two Cerrado habitats (cerrado sensu stricto and gallery forest, being fire-prone and non-fire-prone habitats respectively), to determine which bark traits could be considered diagnostic and adaptively informative. We analysed the anatomy and thickness of the periderm, cortex, primary and secondary phloem, and also the bark histochemistry. Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is distinctive from other Stryphnodendron species reported in the literature, by the presence of a rhytidome, stratified lenticels and the non-collapsed parenchyma cells in the non-conducting phloem, which are, therefore, diagnostic traits for this species. Bark of S. polyphyllum showed a trade-off in resource allocation between the periderm and secondary phloem, whereas the thicker rhytidome seemed to be associated with fire protection in specimens from the fire-prone habitat, the wider sieve tubes in the thicker conducting secondary phloem indicated efficiency of photosynthate transport in the specimens from non-fire-prone habitat.

MIMOSOIDEAE (FABACEAE) DA REGIÃO DO MANSO, ANTÔNIO DIAS, MINAS GERAIS: DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E SIMILARIDADE FLORÍSTICA NA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA

A Região do Manso, localizada a 785 m de altitude no município de Antônio Dias, leste de Minas Gerais (19°41’15’’S, 42°48’45’’W), está no domínio Atlântico na formação da floresta estacional semidecídua montana. No inventário das Mimosoideae ocorrentes na região, foram encontrados nove táxons que neste trabalho são analisados quanto aos limites de distribuição geográfica e somente os arbóreos são avaliados como indicadores das relações florísticas entre a região do Manso e outras áreas de floresta atlântica do Sudeste brasileiro. São eles: Senegalia martiusiana (Steud.) Seigler & Ebingler, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul, Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg, Inga vera subsp. affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn., Mimosa debilis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. debilis, Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. var. pellita, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Plathymenia reticulata Benth. e Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.Cinco padrões de distribuição geográfica foram estabelecidos: 1. Anfiatlântico (1sp.); 2. Neotropical (1sp.); 3. América do Sul Ocidental-Centro-Oriental (4spp.); 4. Brasil Centro-Oriental (2spp.); 5. Brasil Atlântico Nordeste-Sudeste (1sp.). Os táxons quanto à preferência de habitat, foram tratados como elementos florísticos generalistas (100%) e especialistas (0%) do domínio Atlântico. Os resultados mostram maior similaridade entre o Manso e trechos de floresta situados nas altas elevações. Existem similaridades florísticas entre as florestas ombrófila densa e estacionais semidecíduas do sudeste, apoiando a proposição de origem comum dessas fitofisionomias.

EFEITO DO COBRE SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE <i>Stryphnodendron polyphyllum</i> Mart. E <i>Cassia multijuga</i> Rich.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815730A contaminação do solo com cobre tem se tornado comum em regiões de mineração e agrícolas pelo uso de fungicidas a base de cobre e aplicação de dejeto líquido de suíno ao solo, causando redução na produtividade das plantas. O trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito de doses de cobre no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart.) e Cássia (Cassia multijuga Rich.). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado num fatorial (2 x 4), sendo as duas espécies florestais, e quatro doses de cobre: 0; 150; 300 e 450 mg kg-1, com 10 repetições. Avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, peso da matéria seca radicular e da parte aérea, comprimento e área superficial específica radicular, e os índices de qualidade de mudas: relação entre altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto; altura da parte aérea e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os resultados demonstram que as doses de cobre testadas não influenciam a qualidade de mudas da Cássia enquanto o Barbatimão mantém a qualidade de mudas até 300 mg kg-1 de cobre adicionado ao solo. O Barbatimão apresenta maior crescimento e qualidade de mudas que a Cássia em solo contaminado com cobre.

Effects of copper on growth and quality of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mar. and Cassia multijuga Rich.

Effects of copper on growth and quality of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mar. and Cassia multijuga Rich.

Condicionamento fisiológico e níveis de sombreamento em sementes de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mart.) e S. adstringens (Mart.) Coville)

A dificuldade técnica devida à ocorrência de dormência das sementes é um entrave para a produção de mudas de espécies nativas em programas de recomposição de áreas degradadas do Cerrado. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico e do sombreamento na qualidade de sementes de duas espécies de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e S. adstringens). Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: 1) PEG -1,0 MPa; 2) PEG -1,0 MPa+ KNO3 -1,0 MPa; 3) PEG -0,5 MPa; 4) PEG -0,5 MPa + KNO3 -0,5 MPa; 5) KNO3 -1,0 MPa; 6) Água deionizada; e 7) sementes que não receberam nenhum tratamento pré-germinativo (testemunha). Durante os tratamentos pré-germinativos, as sementes permaneceram incubadas em B.O.D. regulada na alternância de 20/30 ºC, durante 24 h, e em seguida semeadas em bandejas de células com Plantmax® mantidas em quatro níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 70%) com quatro repetições de 20 sementes. O condicionamento fisiológico com água de sementes de S. polyphyllum e S. adstringens e posterior semeadura em ambiente sombreado de 50 a 70% são eficientes para obter emergência rápida e elevada, maior altura e massa seca das plântulas. As sementes de S. polyphyllum podem ser osmocondicionadas com PEG 1,0 e PEG -0,5 MPA se a semeadura for realizada sob 30% de sombra. Entretanto, a semeadura de S. polyphyllum e S. adstringens não deve ser realizada a pleno sol.

The Effect of Carbonization on wood Structure of Dalbergia Violacea, Stryphnodendron Polyphyllum, Tapirira Guianensis, Vochysia Tucanorum, and Pouteria Torta from the Brazilian Cerrado

Brazil is the world’s largest producer of charcoal and a great part of this material still comes from native forests – especially from the cerrado biome, which is highly impacted by anthropogenic degradation. The need to control charcoal production increases the demand of charcoal identification, but there is little information about the anatomical modifications due to carbonization. In this paper, fresh and charred wood samples from five Brazilian species were analyzed (Dalbergia violacea, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia tucanorum, and Pouteria torta). Anatomical characters were described and measurements of the main anatomical features of wood and charcoal were statistically compared. Minor modifications were observed: reduction of tangential vessel diameter was the most evident change after carbonization; shrinkage of rays (in width) occurred only in some individuals. The present study supports the identification of charred woods, hopefully contributing to the control of charcoal production, and to palaeoenvironmental and archaeobotanical studies.

Fornecimento de substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade de Apis mellifera L. causada pela Cria Ensacada Brasileira

A cria ensacada brasileira é uma das piores enfermidades de abelhas Apis mellifera L. africanizadas, principalmente do Sudeste do Brasil. Ela afeta o desenvolvimento das larvas, após serem alimentadas pelas abelhas nutrizes com o pólen do barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e Stryphnodendron adstringens), ocasionando a morte entre os estágios de pré-pupa e pupa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade da cria ensacada brasileira durante o florescimento do Stryphnodendron adstringens. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: as colmeias do tratamento 1 receberam semanalmente substituto de pólen (mistura de farinha de soja, fubá e farinha de trigo em proporções iguais). As colmeias do tratamento 2 não receberam o substituto de pólen, tendo como único alimento o pólen que encontravam na natureza. As colmeias alimentadas apresentaram diferença significativa de 93,5% de viabilidade de sobrevivência de cria em relação às não alimentadas, que apresentaram 80,4% de sobrevivência. A frequência de pólen S. adstringens nos coletores de pólen, no tratamento 1, foi 0,21. Entretanto, no Tratamento 2, foi de 4,38, indicando que as colmeias que não se alimentaram com o substituto apresentaram maior frequência do pólen dessa planta, quando comparadas com as que dispunham da dieta artificial. Esse manejo sugere que a oferta do substituto de pólen, antes e durante a florada do Stryphnodendron adstringens, é importante na redução dos efeitos da cria ensacada brasileira em enxames de abelhas africanizadas.

Determinação quantitativa de taninos em três espécies de Stryphnodendron por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

Um método de separação e quantificação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em fase reversa foi desenvolvido usando água (0,05% de TFA):acetonitrila (0,05% de TFA) como fase móvel, em sistema gradiente para a análise dos flavan-3-óis presentes em extrato semipurificado das cascas de Stryphnodendron adstringens, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e Stryphnodendron obovatum. A CLAE foi realizada com a fração acetato de etila (FAE) sendo submetida à extração em fase sólida (cartucho C18-E) com metanol:água (2:8), filtrada por membrana de porosidade 0,5 μm; a pré-coluna e coluna empregadas foram Phenomenex® Gemini C-18 (5 μm), com esta última mantida a 30 ºC, com vazão de 0,8 mL/min e detecção a 210 nm. Utilizaram-se soluções dos padrões de ácido gálico e galocatequina para a obtenção da curva analítica. O método proposto foi validado de acordo com a resolução RE n° 899/2003 da ANVISA. A análise quantitativa da FAE das três espécies mostrou que existe similaridade no teor de galocatequina. S. adstringens possui ácido gálico em uma proporção superior a 60% em relação às outras duas espécies. A metodologia desenvolvida mostrou-se viável à aplicação em plantas ricas em taninos, como nos casos de S. adstringens, S. polyphyllum e S. obovatum.

Atividade de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, uma planta do cerrado do Brasil, contra hemócitos de Biomphalaria glabrata, um hospedeiro intermediário de Schistosoma mansoni.

The snail Biomphalaria glabrata acts as an intermediate host to Schistosoma mansoni, an endemic parasite in several countries. B. glabrata hemocytes are related to its defense against infection by trematodes, including S. mansoni. In the present paper, the activity of molluscicidal substances such as the tannic acid extracts of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, a plant from the Brazilian Savannah, on the morphology and number of B. glabrata hemocytes was evaluated. The bark and leaf extracts of S. polyphyllum were diluted in dechlorinated water and groups of snails were exposed to 25 and 50 mg.L-1 concentrations of the extracts, as well as, to tannic acid during 24h. Subsequently, hemolymph was removed from the pericardic region. Hemocyte subpopulations were detected and classified as small (5.0 – 6.9 ?m), medium (7.0 – 8.9?m), large (9.0 – 12.0?m) and giant (over 12?m), the latter being a novel classification. The extracts stimulated an increase in the number of hemocyte cells in the hemolymph. This is understood as a defense mechanism against toxic substances such as tannic acid, present in high levels in both tested extracts. Hemocytes showed vacuoles in the cytoplasm due to the presence of such substances, which are signs of cellular death due to apoptosis. We conclude that the extracts are highly effective against B. glabrata, recommending further biological impact studies aiming its use as a natural molluscicide.

Adubação química e orgânica na recuperação da fertilidade de subsolo degradado e na micorrização do Stryphnodendron polyphyllum

Com a construção da usina hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira no final da década de 1960, algumas áreas foram desmatadas, servindo como "área de empréstimo". Os solos dessas áreas foram retirados e estas adquiriram características físicas, químicas e biológicas distantes das ideais. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da adubação química e orgânica na fertilidade do subsolo degradado e micorrização de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (barbatimão). A área localiza-se na fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE) da UNESP/Ilha Solteira, em Selvíria - MS. Com delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas de 250 m² (10 x 25 m), foram avaliados 10 tratamentos: testemunha; calagem; adubação N + P; calagem + N + P; N + P + aguapé; N + P + bagaço de cana; N + P + aguapé + bagaço de cana; calagem + N + P + aguapé; calagem + N + P + bagaço de cana; e calagem + N + P + bagaço de cana + aguapé. Avaliaram-se as características químicas do solo e o crescimento do barbatimão em cinco períodos (junho, agosto, novembro e dezembro de 2005 e março de 2006), e a micorrização, em março de 2006. Observou-se que o subsolo continuou apresentando caráter ácido e pobreza em nutrientes após um ano de avaliação. O crescimento da planta aumentou ao longo do período, com os maiores valores para os tratamentos que receberam calagem, adubação e resíduos orgânicos, especialmente o aguapé. A colonização micorrízica foi influenciada positivamente pela presença de resíduos orgânicos, e o número de esporos, pelos tratamentos com presença de aguapé.

Pulvinus functional traits in relation to leaf movements: A light and transmission electron microscopy study of the vascular system

Previous studies on legume pulvini suggest that the vascular system plays an important role in the redistribution of ions and transmission of stimuli during leaf's movements. However, the number of anatomical and ultrastructural studies is limited to few species. The aim of this paper is to investigate the structure and cellular features of the pulvinus vascular system of nine legume species from Brazilian cerrado, looking for structural traits pointing to its participation in the leaf's movements. Samples were excised from the medial region of opened pulvinus of Bauhinia rufa, Copaifera langsdorffii, Senna rugosa (Caesalpinioideae), Andira humilis, Dalbergia miscolobium, Zornia diphylla (Faboideae), Mimosa rixosa, Mimosa flexuosa and Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mimosoideae), and were prepared following light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemical standard techniques. The vascular system occupies a central position, comprises phloem and xylem and is delimited by a living sheath of septate fibers in all the species studied. This living cells sheath connects the cortex to the vascular tissues via numerous plasmodesmata. The absence of fibers and sclereids, the presence of phenolic idioblasts and the abundance and diversity of protein inclusions in the sieve tube members are remarkable features of the phloem. Pitted vessel elements, parenchyma cells with abundant cytoplasm and living fibriform elements characterize the xylem. The lack of lignified tissues and extensive symplastic continuity by plasmodesmata are remarkable features of the vascular system of pulvini of the all studied species.

The Pulvinus Endodermal Cells and their Relation to Leaf Movement in Legumes of the Brazilian Cerrado*

Legume pulvini have a clearly delimited endodermis, whose variable content has been associated with the velocity and type of leaf movement: pulvini in leaves with fast nastic movement contain starch grains; pulvini in leaves with slow nastic movements have calcium oxalate crystals as well as starch grains in the endodermis. However, the studies carried out to date have involved few legume species. This study therefore purported to examine the consistency of this hypothesis in other legumes. Thus, the structure and content of the pulvinus endodermal cells of nine legumes of the Brazilian cerrado, with different types and velocities of leaf movement, were investigated: slow nyctinastic and heliotropic movements ( BAUHINIA RUFA, COPAIFERA LANGSDORFFII, SENNA RUGOSA - Caesalpinioideae; ANDIRA HUMILIS and DALBERGIA MISCOLOBIUM - Faboideae; STRYPHNODENDRON POLYPHYLLUM - Mimosoideae), slow heliotropic movement ( ZORNIA DIPHYLLA - Faboideae), and fast seismonastic and slow nyctinastic and heliotropic movements ( MIMOSA RIXOSA and MIMOSA FLEXUOSA - Mimosoideae). Samples were prepared following standard plant anatomy and ultrastructure techniques. The endodermis of all the species contains starch grains. In the species displaying only slow movements, calcium oxalate prismatic crystals were observed in addition to starch grains, except in ZORNIA DIPHYLLA. In conclusion, oxalate crystals occur only in endodermal cells of pulvini that display slow movements, while starch grains are always present in pulvinus endodermal cells of plants with any kind of movement.

Influence of extracts of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. and Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. on the cicatrisation of cutaneous wounds in rats

Stem bark of the two species Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. and Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth., Leguminosae, was investigated for wound healing, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. These plants contain 12 and 19% tannins in their stem bark, respectively, and are widely used in traditional medicine in Brazil. The total content of phenolics of the crude extract (CE) of Stryphnodendron obovatum was 76.95 ± 2.98% (CV = 3.87%) and of the ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) was 89.13 ± 0.34% (CV = 0.38%); whereas in Stryphnodendron polyphyllum the CE phenolics content was 51.62 ± 1.53% (CV = 2.96%) and the EAF phenolics content was 59.00 ± 1.91% (CV = 3.24%). The tannin content of CE from Stryphnodendron obovatum [36.58 ± 0.35% (CV = 0.98%)] was about 11% higher than in CE from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum [25.43 ± 0.96% (CV = 3.77%)]. The difference between the species was even greater in the EAF: in Stryphnodendron obovatum the EAF phenolics content was 55.01 ± 0.36% (CV = 0.65%), whereas in Stryphnodendron polyphyllum the content was 36.16 ± 0.42% (CV = 1.16%). The healing effect of ointments containing 2.5% crude lyophilised extract (PCE) and 2.5% ethyl-acetate lyophilised fraction (PEA) of the stem bark of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Stryphnodendron obovatum was studied in cutaneous wounds of Wistar ® rats after 4, 7 and 10 days of treatment. Epithelial cell proliferation in the area of re-epithelialisation of the wounds was evaluated by counting the metaphases blocked by vincristine sulfate. With PCE an increase in epidermal growth was observed after 4 and 7 days of treatment with Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, and after 7 and 10 days of treatment with Stryphnodendron obovatum. Wounds treated with PEA of Stryphnodendron obovatum showed increased epidermal growth only 4 days after the treatment; for Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, epidermal growth was observed after 4 and 7 days of treatment. Both the CE and the EAF fractions of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Stryphnodendron obovatum showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 125 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria tested were not inhibited by extracts and fractions at concentrations >1000 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity through reduction of the DPPH radical in TLC, confirmed the anti-radical properties of these extracts in both species. CE and EAF of both species showed a radical scavenging activity (RSA) and protected DPPH from discolouration, already at 0.032 μg/ml. The extract from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum were more effective than those Stryphnodendron obovatum, although the former had a lower tannin content.

Estudo físico-químico, químico e biológico de extrato das cascas de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. (Leguminosae)

Two flavan-3-ols and one proanthocyanidins have been isolated from the stem bark of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart., which is traditionally used in Brazil against various diseases. The structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including 1-D (1H, 13C) and 2-D NMR (1H/1H COSY) and MS. The antibacterial activities of an acetone:water and semipurified extracts from the stem bark of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. were evaluated. Both the crude and semipurified extracts showed activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Quality control was determined using several pharmacopoeial assay.

Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants

Alcoholic extracts of six Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants were evaluated for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of schistosomiasis. Stryphnodendron polyphyllum bark extract, rich in condensed tannins, was the most promising as molluscicide.

Tannin composition of barbatimão species

A comparative study of tannin composition of three species known as barbatimão ( Stryphnodendron adstringens, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Dimorphandra mollis) was developed by TLC, hydrolysis followed by PC, and colorimetry. Principal component analysis of the data obtained showed strong differentiation between the genus Dimorphandra and Stryphnodendron. Additionally, barks from the two Stryphnodendron sp. also presented considerable differences in the tannin structure.