Structural Elements Research Articles

An Improved Diabatization Scheme for Computing the Electronic Circular Dichroism of Proteins.

We advance the quality of first-principles calculations of protein electronic circular dichroism (CD) through an amelioration of a key deficiency of a previous procedure that involved diabatization of electronic states on the amide chromophore (to obtain interamide couplings) in a β-strand conformation of a diamide. This yields substantially improved calculated far-ultraviolet (far-UV) electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectra for β-sheet conformations. The interamide couplings from the diabatization procedure for 13 secondary structural elements (13 diamide structures) are applied to compute the CD spectra for seven example proteins: myoglobin (α helix), jacalin (β strand), concanavalin A (β type I), elastase (β type II), papain (α + β), 310-helix bundle (310-helix) and snow flea antifreeze protein (polyproline). In all cases, except concanavalin A and papain, the CD spectra computed using the interamide couplings from the diabatization procedure yield improved agreement with experiment with respect to previous first-principles calculations.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Sucrose Metabolism Genes Involved in Actinidia rufa and Their Expression Profiling during the Fruit Developmental Stages

Soluble sugars, as an indispensable source of energy, play crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, to date, scant information about the sucrose metabolism-related gene families is available in kiwifruit (Actinidia rufa Planch). Here, we systematically identified the members of various gene families encoding crucial enzymes or transporters involved in sucrose metabolism, re-analyzed their expression patterns under different fruit development stages, and determined the regulatory mechanism involving key transcription factors. A total of sixty-two genes from six gene families (thirty-one ArINVs, two ArSPPs, four ArSPSs, nine ArSUSs, six ArSUCs/SUTs, and ten ArSWEETs) were identified in the A. rufa genome. The characterization of these members, including gene structure, motifs, conserved domains, and cis-acting elements, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these gene families could be categorized into six distinct subgroups. These six gene families have undergone strong purifying selection during domestication. In addition, expression analysis of the 62 genes indicated that differential expression patterns are highly regulated by developmental processes. Specifically, we identified 11 transcription factors that were rigorously correlated (r > 0.98) with key gene expression profiles. This represents a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in sucrose metabolism in kiwifruit, which provides useful information for further functional analysis of these genes.

High-performance lightweight foam concrete enabled by compositing ultra-stable hydrophobic aqueous foam

The major limitations of lightweight foam concrete are inferior mechanical properties and durability. This study designs a novel high-modulus hydrophobic foam to produce high-strength and durable foam concrete. Poly (methyl hydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) was employed to construct a hydrophobic boundary of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) foam. The produced hydrophobic foam bubbles exhibit a high modulus, fine bubble size, and exceptional thermodynamic stability. A dense foam wall of 8 μm in thickness functions as a structure for chemical loadings of inorganic-organic particles onto the viscoelastic bubble film. This facilitates their interaction effect of adsorption and chemical bonding, contributing to the hydrophobic nature of the foam wall. The resulting hydrophobic foam concrete shows low water adsorption and high mechanical strength. The hydrophobic foam concrete demonstrates superior chemical resistance and anti-chloride diffusion compared with normal concrete. This study might provide a practical strategy for designing high-performance lightweight foam concrete with significant potential as structural elements.

Seismic retrofitting optimization model using fiber-reinforced polymer jacketing and NSGA-III

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is widely used for retrofitting structural elements due to its easy application. However, establishing a retrofit strategy is challenging due to conflicting objectives, such as cost and performance level, requiring optimization for effective decision-making. This study proposes a many-objective optimization model for seismic retrofitting using FRP and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA)-III. The model's efficacy was demonstrated through two numerical examples: a reinforced concrete building retrofitted with FRP jackets and a masonry-infilled reinforced concrete building retrofitted with FRP bracings. Each example included three objective functions and multiple constraints. Nonlinear static pushover analysis provided optimal strategies to enhance base shear and energy dissipation while minimizing costs and retrofitting locations. Among the Pareto-optimal solutions, the optimal solution with the minimum Euclidean distance was selected. NSGA-III offered a wider distribution and more Pareto-optimal solutions compared to NSGA-II, demonstrating its potential in addressing many-objective problems related to retrofit decision-making.

Geological controls of mineralization occurrences in the Egyptian Eastern Desert using advanced integration of remote sensing and magnetic data

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of mineralization exploration in the Egyptian Eastern Desert (ED), one of the most sought-after areas for those interested in mining industry, by integrating Landsat-9 images and geophysical magnetic data. Employing advanced techniques like Principal Component (PC) analysis, Minimum Noise Fraction (MNf) transform, and Band-Ratio (B-Ratio), the research focuses on mapping lithological units, hydrothermal alteration regions, and structural elements. Composite images derived from specific PC, and MNf bands, and B-Ratio exhibit superior lithological unit identification. The findings emphasize that there are significant variations in the types of rocks extend from the southern to the northern parts of the ED. Hydrothermal alteration mapping, guided by B-Ratio results, aids qualitative lithological discrimination. A novel false color composite image optimizes Landsat-9 B-Ratios, enhancing rock unit discrimination. Correlation analyses reveal associations between mineralization types and major lithological units, while exploration of the magnetic anomaly map highlights its role in correlating mineralization sites. Structural features, analyzed through Center for Exploration-Targeting Grid-Analysis (CET-GA) and Center for Exploration-Targeting Porphyry-Analysis (CET-GA) with Tilt Derivative of RTP (TDR) techniques, contribute to a robust association between regions with medium to high structural density and porphyry intrusions and mineralization. The study significantly supports the advanced exploration geoscience, providing insights into the geological structures and dynamics governing mineralization in the Egyptian ED.

Impact of Digital Technologies on Implementing Individual Elements of the Tax Structure

Impact of Digital Technologies on Implementing Individual Elements of the Tax Structure

Earthquake Performance Analysis of a Masonry School Building's Retrofitted State by the Equivalent Frame Method

Nonlinear analyses of masonry structures are frequently used in both engineering practice and academic studies. Due to the dominant nonlinear behaviour of masonry structures, complex and extensive finite element models are required to obtain accurate analysis results. While masonry walls are usually modelled using fine-meshed shells or solid elements in such structures, high computing power in modelling, analyzing, and post-processing results is necessary for the analyses of large structures. In recent years, the equivalent frame method, as a solution to this problem has been developed and presented in the literature. In this study, the equivalent frame method is used in a masonry structure modelling, and the axial force-bending relationship is represented by force-based fiber elements. The multi-linear load-deformation relationship reflects the shear behaviour of the walls. Within the scope of the study, an existing masonry school building is modelled using the equivalent frame elements with OpenSees software. Seismic performance analyses are done considering the existing and retrofitted states of the structure, and the results are discussed in a comparative manner.

Role of WAVE3 as an of actin binding protein in the pathology of triple negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer, a prevalent global health concern, has sparked extensive research efforts, particularly focusing on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor. TNBC's aggressive nature and resistance to hormone-based therapies heightens the risk of tumor progression and recurrence. Actin-binding proteins, specifically WAVE3 from the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, have emerged as major drivers in understanding TNBC biology. This review delves into the intricate molecular makeup of TNBC, shedding light on actin's fundamental role in cellular processes. Actin, a structural element in the cytoskeleton, regulates various cellular pathways essential for homeostasis. Its dynamic nature enables functions such as cell migration, motility, intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. Actin-binding proteins, including WAVE3, play pivotal roles in these processes. WAVE3, a member of the WASP family, remains the focus of this review due to its potential involvement in TNBC progression. While actin-binding proteins are studied for their roles in healthy cellular cycles, their significance in TNBC remains underexplored. This review aims to discuss WAVE3's impact on TNBC, exploring its molecular makeup, functions, and significance in tumor progression. The intricate structure of WAVE3, featuring elements like the verprolin-cofilin-acidic domain and regulatory elements, plays a crucial role in regulating actin dynamics. Dysregulation of WAVE3 in TNBC has been linked to enhanced cell migration, invasion, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Understanding the role of actin-binding proteins in cancer biology has potential clinical implications, making them potential prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. The review emphasizes the need for further research into actin-binding proteins' clinical applications, diagnostic value, and therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, this comprehensive review explores the complex interplay between actin and actin-binding proteins, with special emphasis on WAVE3, in the context of TNBC. By unraveling the molecular intricacies, structural characteristics, and functional significance, the review paves the way for future research directions, clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies in the challenging landscape of TNBC.

TECTONIC AND NON-TECTONIC MESO-STRUCTURES IN THE LISAN FORMATION AND EQUIVALENT RECENT SEDIMENTS OF THE JORDAN RIFT VALLEY-CHARACTERIZATION AND FORMATION MECHANISMS

In this study, the structural elements portrayed in the recent sediments of the Dead Sea, which became exposed at its shores due to the drop in its level are described, and the mechanisms leading to their formation are elaborated. These structures include Plumes and density inversions, subaquatic gliding, seismites, undulations and wavy structures, flexures, and overpressure structures. The formation of these structures is found to be the result of different triggering factors such as Earthquakes, tectonic activity, instability of slopes, density inversion, pore fluids overpressure resulting from gas production by biochemical processes within the sediments (sulfur bacteria reduction of sulfates and oxidation of organic matter (petroleum residues)), submarine groundwater discharge, and volume changes associated with the transformation of gypsum to basinite and anhydrite, and the reversal of that transformation. Each of these triggering factors can produce more than one type of structure, depending on the prevailing composition of the sediments, its layering attitudes, grain-size distribution, porosities, and differential pressure situations within the sediment packages. The main finding of the study is the clarification of the role of gas production within the sediments as a result of sulfur bacteria activity and of the volume change processes associated with the transformation of gypsum to anhydrite and the reversal of that transformation in the formation of the mesostructures of the Dead Sea sediments.

Exploring Damage Patterns in CFRP Reinforcements: Insights from Simulation and Experimentation.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) have become increasingly significant in real-world applications due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and high stiffness. These properties make CFRP an ideal material for reinforcing concrete structures, particularly in scenarios where weight reduction is crucial, such as in bridges and high-rise buildings. The transformative potential of CFRP lies in its ability to enhance the durability and load-bearing capacity of concrete structures while minimizing maintenance costs and extending the lifespan of the infrastructure. This research explores the impact of reinforcing structural elements with advanced composite materials on the strength and durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. By integrating Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) reinforcements, we subjected both rectangular and T-section concrete beams to comprehensive three-point bending tests, revealing a substantial increase in flexural strength by 45% and crack resistance due to CFRP reinforcement. The study revealed that CFRP reinforcement increased the flexural strength of concrete beams by 45% and improved crack resistance significantly. Additionally, the load-bearing capacity of the beams was enhanced by 40% compared to unreinforced specimens. These improvements were validated through finite element simulations, which showed a close alignment with the experimental data. Furthermore, an innovative simulation study was conducted using a finely tuned finite element numerical model within the Abaqus calculation code. This model accurately replicated the laboratory specimens in terms of shape, dimensions, and loading conditions. The simulation results not only validated the experimental observations but also provided deeper insights into the stress distribution and failure mechanisms of the reinforced beams. Novel aspects of this study include the identification of specific failure patterns unique to CFRP-reinforced beams and the introduction of an enhanced interaction model that more accurately reflects the composite behavior under load. In CFRP-reinforced beams, specific failure patterns were identified, including flexural cracks in the tension zone and debonding of the CFRP sheets. These patterns indicate the points of maximum stress concentration and potential weaknesses in the reinforcement strategy. The study revealed that while CFRP significantly improves the overall strength and stiffness, careful attention must be given to the bonding process and the quality of the adhesive used to ensure optimal performance. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of material interactions and structural performance, offering new pathways for the design and optimization of composite-reinforced concrete structures. This research underscores the transformative potential of composite materials in elevating the structural integrity and longevity of concrete infrastructures.

CH-π Interactions Are Required for Human Galectin-3 Function.

Glycan-binding proteins, or lectins, recognize distinct structural elements of polysaccharides, to mediate myriad biological functions. Targeting glycan-binding proteins involved in human disease has been challenging due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern protein-glycan interactions. Bioinformatics and structural studies of glycan-binding proteins indicate that aromatic residues with the potential for CH-π interactions are prevalent in glycan-binding sites. However, the contributions of these CH-π interactions to glycan binding and their relevance in downstream function remain unclear. An emblematic lectin, human galectin-3, recognizes lactose and N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycans by positioning the electropositive face of a galactose residue over the tryptophan 181 (W181) indole forming a CH-π interaction. We generated a suite of galectin-3 W181 variants to assess the importance of these CH-π interactions to glycan binding and function. As determined experimentally and further validated with computational modeling, variants with smaller or less electron-rich aromatic side chains (W181Y, W181F, W181H) or sterically similar but nonaromatic residues (W181M, W181R) showed poor or undetectable binding to lactose and attenuated ability to bind mucins or agglutinate red blood cells. The latter functions depend on multivalent binding, highlighting that weakened CH-π interactions cannot be overcome by avidity. Two galectin-3 variants with disrupted hydrogen bonding interactions (H158A and E184A) showed similarly impaired lactose binding. Molecular simulations demonstrate that all variants have decreased binding orientation stability relative to native galectin-3. Thus, W181 collaborates with the endogenous hydrogen bonding network to enhance binding affinity for lactose, and abrogation of these CH-π interactions is as deleterious as eliminating key hydrogen bonding interactions. These findings underscore the critical roles of CH-π interactions in carbohydrate binding and lectin function and will aid the development of novel lectin inhibitors.

The Cerebral Aqueduct Compliance: A Simple Morphometric Model.

This work aimed to identify different configurations of the adytum of the cerebral aqueduct suggesting its safe neuroendoscopic navigation. This concept is intimately connected to the physiological aqueductal dilatability or compliance, which is relatively ignored in the literature. A better knowledge of the extent of physiological aqueductal dilatability might better define the ideal diameter and safer features of dedicated flexible endoscopes. The study includes 45 patients operated on using a flexible scope with a 3.9-mm diameter, where the structural elements of the adytum of the cerebral aqueduct are clearly visible. Patients were grouped according to the pathology (colloid cyst/normal anatomy, intraventricular hemorrhage, tetraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and distal membranous aqueductal stenosis). A simple geometrical scheme was applied to the endoscopic anatomy of the aqueductal adytum in relation to the posterior commissure to measure its pathologic deformations. Eventual damages to the aqueduct walls caused by the endoscope were also reported. Proceeding from normal anatomy to hydrocephalic condition, the ratio between the commissure and the aqueductal access area progressively decreases, while the vertex angle increases. Interestingly, the entity of the ependymal damages due to the passage of the endoscope correlates with such measures. The cerebral aqueduct, excluding atrophic processes, is provided with a certain degree of dilatability, which we estimate to be around a diameter of 4 mm. This represents the maximum size for a flexible neuroendoscope for a safe aqueductal neuronavigation. The schematic model of the aqueductal adytum as a triangle defines 3 different aqueductal patterns and can be helpful when an intraoperative decision on whether to navigate the aqueduct must be taken.

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF ERGONYMS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article is dedicated to the study of semantics of ergonyms in the Russian language. Nowadays ergo-nimics, being a fi eld of onomastics, is of great interest to many linguists, because it has specifi c semantics in the gastronomic industry and is aimed at making a positive impact on the recipient. It can be explained by globalization and the interaction of language and culture. Ergonyms refer to particular lexical layer of the language system, which refl ects changes in the social sphere. The aim of the study is to single out the linguistic peculiarities of ergonyms in the Russian language. The material of the study comprises the names of cafes and restaurants in Chelyabinsk city and the Chelyabinsk region. Carrying out the research we used the method of component analysis, comparative method for analyzing ergonyms, descriptive-classifi cation method, quantitative analysis in counting lexical units and the frequency of their use. Within the framework of the present research the word-building of ergonyms and linguistic peculiarities of their functioning and stylistic diversity were studied, thematic groups were outlined, the frequency of use of lexical units was analyzed. According to the results of the present study, we can conclude that the connotative element in the semantic structure of ergonym plays the key role. Ergonyms refer to linguocultural phenomena that appear as a result of the interaction of extralinguistic and linguistic factors. The study and analy-sis of ergonyms as a linguistic phenomenon allows us to reveal the peculiarities of economy and geography of the Chelyabinsk region, to study the linguistic variety of names of cafes and restaurants in Russian. It has been proved by the wide use of lexical units in diff erent languages in the nomination of catering establishment. Ergonyms have a pragmatic impact on the target audience which is achieved through its functioning. Expressive, deictic, appellative function and identifi cation function are the essential ones in the nomination of catering establishments in the city of Chelyabinsk and Chelyabinsk region. The study of ergonimics, which has specifi c lexical and semantic graphic features, is related to modern linguistics.

The effect of sowing time on productivity of new maize hybrids

The relevance of the current study is due to the fact that global warming in the south of Russia has significantly moved forward the onset of the hot period, especially in areas of risky farming. Sowing at the previously recommended scientifically based optimal time no longer guarantees stable yields of maize. Based on this, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the sowing time of new promising maize hybrids of our own breeding on productivity and yield structure elements in the steppe part of Kabardino-Balkaria. The study was carried out in field trials on the field of the research and production site of the Institute of Agriculture of the KBRC of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019–2021. In general, during the years of study, weather conditions were typical for the steppe area of the KBR. As a result, there was determined that the optimal sowing time for maize hybrids was the second decade of April. When sowing at this time, there was identified productivity improvement and an increase in the values of yield elements. On the contrary, sowing in the third decade has shown a decrease in the values of these indicators in all studied samples. During the second sowing period, there was the greatest productivity decrease among the late-maturing hybrids ‘Karat SV’, ‘Terek’ and the hybrid population ‘Kabardinskaya 3812’ by 1.4; 1.5 and 1.8 t/ha, respectively. The middle-early hybrid ‘Maisky 260 MV’ has shown a smaller decrease by 0.7 t/ha. During the first sowing period, number of ears per 100 plants increased by 4–11 pieces. The ears were better grained with 5–60 pieces of the excess over the second period. The weight of one cob during the first sowing period ranged 105–120 g on average, which was 9–22 g more than the same indicator during the second sowing period.

Impacts of Dampness on Structural Stability of Public Secondary School Buildings in Adamawa State, Nigeria

This research assessed the impact of dampness on the structural stability of public secondary school buildings in Adamawa state. Dampness as it were is the infiltration of water through the structural elements (interior and exterior) of an edifice, wetness of structural elements through moisture rise by capillary, or extreme quantity of moisture contained in building materials or the building components (Agyekum, Ayakwa, Koranteng & Adinyira, 2013a; Wilkowska, 2017). A percentage of building structures that deteriorate during wetness, dampness, or excessive moisture movements are perceived, visible, or measurable (Soldatova, Sansone, Stephens & Shah, 2011). A building is described as being affected by dampness when there is moisture that is not wanted to a certain degree in the building than its water- retaining capability such that finishes and structural members are stained or discoloured and certain secondary elements are either upturned or lifted (Ishak, Che Ani, Akashah &Kayan, 2013). The primary sources of moisture in buildings according to Sulaiman and Beithou (2011) are liquid water from precipitation or plumbing leaks; water vapour from the building exterior or activities/processes within the building; liquid and vapour from the soil adjoining a building; and moisture built-in with the materials of construction or brought in with goods and people. Young (2007) and Agyekum et al. (2013), categorise the primary sources of moisture into three types: penetration dampness, condensation, and rising dampness. Specifically, it; determined the common types of dampness and common causes of dampness, it also determined the extent of the impacts of dampness and suggested suitable procedures for treating the impact of dampness. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Four purposes and four research questions were raised to guide the study, the population for this study is Grade A public secondary schools in Adamawa State. Three sampling techniques were employed in this study, these are stratified sampling, purposive sampling, and simple random sampling. A checklist and a structured questionnaire were developed.

Formation of yield structure elements of winter bread wheat varieties when sown after peas in the conditions of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”

Field trials were carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. Peas were used as a forecrop. In the trials there were studied 14 winter bread wheat varieties of the competitive variety testing conducted in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of semi-intensive type. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of yield structure elements on the productivity of winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” when sown after peas in the southern part of the Rostov region. Analysis of the results has shown that the yield of 2021–2023 varied from 7.34 t/ha for the standard variety ‘Don 107’ to 8.45 t/ha for the variety ‘Premiera’. During the period of work, there were estimated such structure elements as ‘number of productive stems’, ‘length of a head’, ‘number of spikelets in a head’, ‘number of grains in a head’, ‘grain weight per head’, ‘1000-grain weight’. The trait ‘number of productive stems’ varied from 600 pcs./m² to 720 pcs./m², the maximum values were obtained from the varieties ‘Ayuta’ (650 pcs./m²), ‘Volny Don’ (678 pcs./m²), ‘Polina’ (680 pcs./m²), ‘Region 161’ (681 pcs./m²), ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Donets’ (700 pcs./m²), ‘Flagman’ (702 pcs./m²), ‘Aksai’ (708 pcs./m²), ‘Premiera’ (718 pcs./m²), ‘Ambar’ (720 pcs/m²). During the studied period, the varieties were divided into such two groups according to the length of a head as ‘medium-headed (8–10 cm) including the varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Podarok Krymu’, ‘Ayuta’, ‘Region 161’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Flagman’ and ‘long-headed’ (more than 10 cm) including the varieties ‘Zolotoy Kolos’, ‘Polina’, ‘Donets’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Premiera’, ‘Aksai’. The limits of variability in the trait ‘number of grains per head’ for the winter bread wheat samples ranged from 28.7 pcs. (‘Volny Don’) to 38.7 pcs. (‘Zolotoy Kolos’). The trait ‘grain weight per head’ of the standard variety ‘Don 107’ was 1.30 g, high values of the trait (НСР05 = ±0.05 g) were identified in such varieties as ‘Polina’ and ‘Donets’ (1.36 g), ‘Zhavoronok’ (1.39 g), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (1.45 g). The trait ‘1000-grain weight’ varied from 35.3 g (‘Podarok Krymu’) to 48.0 g (‘Donets’). Large grains were formed by the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (40.0 g), ‘Flagman’ (40.6 g), ‘Premiera’ (45.1 g), ‘Aksai’ (45.2 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (47.0 g), ‘Donets’ (48.0). Significant contribution to the formation of productivity of the new winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” was made by the traits ‘1000-grain weight’ (r = 0.75±0.18), ‘length of a head’ (r = 0.66±0.21), ‘number of productive stems’ (r = 0.61 ± 0.22) and ‘grain weight per head’ (r = 0.57 ± 0.23).

Accounting and analytical support of internal cost control in the health resort institutions

Subject. This article focuses on the development of methodological tools for accounting and analytical support of internal cost control in economic entities of the health resort complex. Objectives. The article aims to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations and detail practical provisions for accounting, control and analytical support of internal control of the costs incurred, confirming the voucher cost and helping minimize the amount of invested financial and intellectual resources. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of grouping, generalization, expert assessments, comparative analysis, classification, factor analysis, and modeling. Results. The article clarifies the concept of Health Resort Service, develops a set of principles that reveals the methodology for the formation of internal management reporting and its structural elements for grouping information, and it offers a variant of regulation of internal cost control. Conclusions and Relevance. The developed multi-component structured model of internal control for analytical assessment and monitoring of costs, determining their compliance with the planned ones, within the framework of the business process Providing a Comprehensive Health Resort Service, is universal for economic entities of the health resort complex, which optimizes control procedures. The key proposals for the formation of methodological approaches to the organization of internal cost control in health resorts can help minimize entrepreneurial risks and increase the efficiency of activities.

The use of xanthan gum in a milk-containing ice cream with the whey protein microparticulate

Hydrocolloids of stabilization systems are necessary components in ice cream production. They influence viscosity, stabilization of structural elements and melting rate. Their role is especially important in production of ice cream with the low content of fat and nonfat milk solids. Today, specialized stabilization systems for production of such ice cream are absent. Moreover, when choosing stabilization systems, there are problems of economic character that are linked with an increase in prices on the effective polysaccharide — locust bean gum. The aim of the research was substantiation of the composition of the effective formulation of hydrocolloids using their available variety, xanthan gum, to use in production of milk-containing ice cream (with the reduced content of fat and dry nonfat milk substances). To achieve the best quality indicators, a whey protein microparticulate was introduced into milk-containing ice cream. Based on the synergetic properties of hydrocolloids in terms of dynamic viscosity, the composition of four formulations was determined with the content of xanthan gum of 8.6% (in samples 1 and 2), 16% (in sample 3) and 3% (in sample 4). Ice cream with the complex stabilization system of the trademark Cremodan 334 was produced as a control sample. The following indicators were determined in all samples: dynamic viscosity, viscoelastic characteristics (hardness, adhesion strength, gumminess), melting rate, condition and dispersity of the air phase and ice crystals. All developed formulations were superior to the control sample in terms of viscosity by 1.2–2 times. It has been found that replacement of the kappa-carrageenan fraction with iota-carrageenan in combination with guar gum and xanthan gum in an amount of 50% leads to a decrease in viscosity by 1.3 times. A reduction of visco-elastic characteristics was noted in the samples of hydrocolloid formulations under study. When using iota-carrageenan (samples 2 and 4), a notable reduction of thermal stability of ice cream was revealed in sample 4. Furthermore, a decrease in dispersity of the air phase was observed; the content of air bubbles with a size of 50 µm reduced by almost 30%. Based on the results of the investigations, it has been established that the formulation of hydrocolloids of ice cream sample 1, which consists of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, guar gum, xanthan gum and kappa-carrageenan, allows obtaining a product with technologically necessary quality indicators and the most cream-like consistency.

Asymmetric Impact of Economic, And Structural Factors on the Development of the Non-Oil Export Sector in GCC Economies 1992-2022: Structural Reform Priorities to Sustainable Economic Growth

The current study empirically investigates to explore the links between economic and structural variables of non-oil export industry development in GCC economies. The research spans the years 1992 to 2022. It is understandable to wonder why some oil-producing countries have been able to diversify and build their economy while others have not. We postulate that disparities in the diversification and development patterns of oil producers are related to differences in their economic and structural characteristics. Divergence in diversification and development trends may result from such discrepancies. We measure the role of economic and structural elements to test this idea. The findings indicate that economic and structural factors play a critical role in the process of diversification and development. Countries have the higher-quality infrastructure, in particular. The findings imply that GCC authorities should improve robust macroeconomic conditions to support their non-oil export sector and boost institutional quality drivers to accelerate non-oil export sector development in their nations. The empirical findings can assist GCC policymakers in better designing the economic policies required to accomplish the GCC countries' comprehensive and sustainable economic development. Asymmetric mechanisms in non-oil export responses to economic and structural factor changes are likely to differ across economic sectors in GCC countries. A sectoral examination of this link could provide further information and supplement our analysis. New capital and infrastructure must be accommodated to support domestic and export manufacturing.

Active-Site Oxygen Accessibility and Catalytic Loop Dynamics of Plant Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylases from Molecular Simulations.

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acid l-amino acids. In plants, apart from canonical AAADs that catalyze the straightforward decarboxylation reaction, other members of the AAAD family function as aromatic acetaldehyde synthases (AASs) and catalyze more complex decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination. The interconversion between a canonical AAAD and an AAS can be achieved by a single tyrosine-phenylalanine mutation in the large catalytic loop of the enzymes. In this work, we report implicit ligand sampling (ILS) calculations of the canonical l-tyrosine decarboxylase from Papaver somniferum (PsTyDC) that catalyzes l-tyrosine decarboxylation and its Y350F mutant that instead catalyzes the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of the same substrate. Through comparative analysis of the resulting three-dimensional (3D) O2 free energy profiles, we evaluate the impact of the key tyrosine/phenylalanine mutation on oxygen accessibility to both the wild type and Y350F mutant of PsTyDC. Additionally, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the l-tryptophan decarboxylase from Catharanthus roseus (CrTDC), we further investigate the dynamics of a large catalytic loop known to be indispensable to all AAADs. Results of our ILS and MD calculations shed new light on how key structural elements and loop conformational dynamics underlie the enzymatic functions of different members of the plant AAAD family.