Discourse Structure Research Articles

SaTYa: Trusted Bi-LSTM-Based Fake News Classification Scheme for Smart Community

This article proposes a SaTya scheme that leverages a blockchain (BC)-based deep learning (DL)-assisted classifier model that forms a trusted chronology in fake news classification. The news collected from newspapers, social handles, and e-mails are web-scrapped, prepossessed, and sent to a proposed Q-global vector for word representations (Q-GloVe) model that captures the fine-grained linguistic semantics in the data. Based on the Q-GloVe output, the data are trained through a proposed bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model, and the news is classified as real-or-fake news. This reduces the vanishing gradient problem, which optimizes the weights of the model and reduces bias. Once the news is classified, it is stored as a transaction, and the news stakeholders can execute smart contracts (SCs) and trace the news origin. However, only verified trusted news sources are added to the BC network, ensuring credibility in the system. For security evaluation, we propose the associated cost of the Bi-LSTM classifier and propose vulnerability analysis through the smart check tool for potential vulnerabilities. The scheme is compared against discourse-structure analysis, linguistic natural language framework, and entity-based recognition for different performance metrics. The scheme achieves an accuracy of 99.55% compared to 93.62% against discourse structure analysis. Also, it shows an average improvement of 18.76% against other approaches, which indicates its viability against fake-classifier-based models.

Tokopedia X Blackpink Advertising Discourse Analysis

Advertising is an interesting discourse to attract public attention. Advertising itself has undergone changes where lately it has focused on the approach side to products, product symbols, personal, and market segments. Not a few online buying and selling sites use advertisements to promote trademarks, for example Tokopedia. Tokopedia provides a variety of products that are needed. Tokopedia Advertising Discourses are produced to attract consumers to use or buy the products offered. The emergence of popular artists in online store advertisements is a current trend. No need to be surprised if Indonesia uses Kpop artists in marketing their products. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data is taken from Tokopedia's e-commerce advertisement in collaboration with Korean girl group Blackpink. The object used in this research is an advertisement from the online shop Tokopedia collaborating with a Korean girl group, namely BLACKPINK with the theme Tokopedia x Blackpink by discussing the discourse structure of Teun A. Van Dijk in 3 aspects, namely superstructure, micro structure, and macro structure. Discourse analysis research on Tokopedia advertisements using Van Dijk Theory shows that the three parts has succesfully appear in Tokopedia advertisements. From the analysis that has been done, it shows that the material owned by Tokopedia ads is complete and the advertisement is able to describe the message that the advertiser wants to convey to the audience which are the benefits and special events.

Supporting Emergent Writing with Oral Storytelling Strategies

AbstractIn early childhood classrooms, little time is spent writing (Gerde et al., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 34, 2015), and students receive limited supports to enhance their writing skills (Bingham et al., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 39, 35, 2017). In early childhood, when students experience rich writing environments where their creativity is fostered through appropriately scaffolded experiences, their understanding of the relationship between oral and written language grows (Gerde et al., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 34, 2015), their writing performance improves (Bingham et al., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 39, 35, 2017), and their foundational literacy skills are supported (Rowe et al., The Reading Teacher, 75, 485, 2021). Oral storytelling is an example of a culturally sustaining practice (Flores & Springer, Theory Into Practice, 60, 312, 2021) that can facilitate writing development (Kirby et al., Reading & Writing Quarterly, 37, 574, 2021). Building from teaching experiences in three racially, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse kindergarten classes in the mid‐south, this Teaching and Learning Guide demonstrates three easily implemented strategies for oral storytelling that support emergent writing. These strategies helped students leverage knowledge from their family and community resources, generate ideas for writing, add details to their oral narratives, and adopt the narrative discourse structures typically found in school‐based literature. Each strategy includes a description of the implementation, authentic examples of student responses, and suggestions for adopting this practice in other contexts.

System and Structure of English Classroom Discourse at Junior High School in Medan

This study aims to investigate the system and structure of English classroom interaction at Medan's Jabal Rahmah Mulia Boarding School. The records of a discussion in communication a video recording by Zoom Meeting among understudies and an English educator are viewed as information to be concentrated on utilizing a talk examination approach in light of Martin's Conversation Analysis (CA) model inside Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics structure (SFL). The foundation of the framework and construction of the English study hall connection are the challenges to be addressed. The examination saw movement types, temperament types, and the discourse capability of different provisions. The discoveries show that understudies act as initiators, while English educators work as allies, with optional knower (k2k1) moving sort for the most part; the communication is one of data exchange instead of labor and products, as conversationalists favor decisive and utilize basic sparingly. As per the discoveries, Question (Q) appears to generally satisfy the data given. Inquisitive asking is most ordinarily used to exhibit that a design's relational significance doesn't be guaranteed to compare to its lexico-sentence structure. This examination likewise shows how a study hall conversation happens in a characteristic set of mindset and discourse capability. It likewise demonstrates that understudies are on the requesting end of the scale, bringing about an absence of criticism in the communication.

Mapping the body to the discourse hierarchy in sign language emergence

AbstractA common feature of discourse coherence is hierarchical organization: more generally, central relations (characterizing the overall topic or goal) dominate complementary or modifying relations. In this hierarchy, higher levels tend to be marked by stronger prosodic cues than lower levels. This study seeks to understand how such a system emerges in human communication – what is present at the outset, and what takes time to develop. Specifically, we investigate whether the conceptualization of hierarchical organization precedes overt linguistic structuring, and whether distinct types and strengths of prosodic marking at different hierarchical levels can be discerned in the process of emergence. The only empirical evidence for such an investigation comes from sign languages, because they can arisede novoat any time. Sign languages offer the additional advantage of directly linking instantiations of linguistic structure to articulations of different visually perceived bodily articulators. Our study of a young sign language, Israeli Sign Language (ISL), finds that conceptual hierarchical structuring of discourse arises very early. However, the organization of bodily articulators to linguistically mark hierarchical information takes time to emerge: Younger ISL signers use smaller, less salient articulators at lower levels of the hierarchy compared to older signers.

Analyzing Chinese text with clause relevance structure

Discourse structure is generally represented as hierarchical structure, the two most well known representations are rhetorical structure theory (RST) and Penn discourse treebank (PDTB). The main problem of the hierarchical structure is that it can not describe the direct semantic relevance between the elementary discourse units (EDU), especially the non-adjacent and cross-level EDUs. Discourse dependency structure (DDS) has been put forward in recent years to describe the head-dependent relation between the EDUs. However, the judgment process of the head can not be answered theoretically. This problem is particularly serious in Chinese discourse analysis, because Chinese lacks the form differences between the main clauses and the subordinate clauses. In this paper, we propose clause relevance structure to represent the discourse structure. Compared with the hierarchical discourse structure and DDS, the clause relevance structure can effectively describe the direct semantic association between discontinuous and cross-level clauses in a text, and the construction of structure is not presupposed by the head recognition. We propose the judgment criteria and formal constraints of the clause relevance structure, and built a human-annotated corpus on Chinese text. Based on the Chinese corpus, we explore the automatic recognition of clause relevance structure. The clause relevance recognition task is formalized as a classification problem and performed by the BERT-based model. A bidirectional LSTM layer is added on the top of the BERT to improve the performance, and the recognition accuracy (90.77%) is achieved by the BERT-LSTM model. Experimental results show that the long distance clause pairs are the main difficulties in the clause relevance recognition, and these difficulties mainly focus on the positive examples, while the clause pairs with short distance are especially difficult to be correctly recognized as negative relevance.

Análisis del discurso jurídico político agroambiental en Bolivia (2006-2019)

The environmental paradigm that emerged from the 1987 Bruntland report, which at the same time governs human actions, has had extensive and profuse regulation in Bolivia. In the period 2006 - 2019 the government in charge of the Movement to Socialism - Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (MAS-IPSP) generated a speech in defense of nature (Mother Earth - Pachamama) that became one of the main axes communication of this government. This article presents the analysis of the agro-environmental political legal discourse in Bolivia during this period, which shows the way in which it has been constructed and mediated, showing the formal structure of the hegemonic discourse, the emergence of a significant representative and sufficiently homogeneous corpus constructed around the concept of Living Well centered on the Sovereignty and Food Security formula based on Mother Earth.

Disnarration and the performance of storytelling in Taylor Swift’s folklore and evermore

In a similar way to dramatic performances and plays, song lyrics establish a complex discourse structure whereby listeners are placed in a position to overhear ‘the pretence of a conversation constructed to convey the performer’s meaning’ (Nahajec 2019: 25; see also Short 1996: 169). In Swift’s songwriting, listeners are positioned not only to eavesdrop on the narratives presented, but are also invited to conceptualise and enact particular roles and scenarios in the discourse. This paper offers a stylistic analysis of songwriting and narrative structure across Swift’s oeuvre to identify how disnarration strategies are used to build stories in her two sister albums written and produced during the Covid-19 pandemic, folklore (2020) and evermore (2020). Specifically, this study examines how disnarration characterises the albums’ narrators, establishes narrator-narratee relationships and invites listeners to adopt a participatory role in the meaning-making process. Through close analysis of four songs across the two albums, this paper builds on developing studies of the stylistics of songwriting (see West 2019), and argues that disnarration strategies foreground particular themes within the discourse, such as nostalgia, wistfulness and regret, and contribute to the fictionalisation and self-aware storytelling characteristic of these albums’ storyworlds.

Teaching Strategies of Senior High School English Writing Based on Promoting Writing with Reading

With the continuous advancement of the new curriculum standard reform of senior high school English, English teaching based on the core quality of English teaching has become one of the important goals of senior high school English teaching. Based on the current situation and practice of senior high school English writing teaching, this paper analyzes a series of problems existing in senior high school English teaching and their causes, and holds that the teaching method of reading and writing is an effective means to improve the English writing ability of senior high school students. One can read and write with the help of combination of expansion of high school students in the English language knowledge, which can cultivates English thinking ability. Through the reading of English discourse structure or paragraph mode, it can effectively improve students in English sentence structure and word collocation organization ability and writing ability.

Discourse of Littering Prohibition in Indonesia

This article deals with discourses of littering prohibition signs found in various places in Indonesia, focusing on three main issues, i.e., discourse structures, pragmatic strategies, and sociocultural factors which might influence that structure and strategy. Using data collected from websites and those found in Yogyakarta Special Regency, with a socio-pragmatics approach, the research finds that littering prohibition signs are constructed by various kinds of discourse type whose complexities are formed by the sentence types and the number of sentences constructing by them. Regarding the pragmatic strategies, the signs can be delivered using non-explicit, direct, indirect, expressed, implied, literal and nonliteral strategy. Subsequently, those structures and strategies are influenced by sociocultural factors associated with the interlocutors, such as emotional condition, religious and cultural belief, education, the formality of interaction, place and time, ethnicity, age, medium of transmission, cultural entity, and political factor. Keywords: Discourse, prohibition, strategy, and socio-pragmatics.

Discourse of Littering Prohibition in Indonesia

This article deals with discourses of littering prohibition signs found in various places in Indonesia, focusing on three main issues, i.e., discourse structures, pragmatic strategies, and sociocultural factors which might influence that structure and strategy. Using data collected from websites and those found in Yogyakarta Special Regency, with a socio-pragmatics approach, the research finds that littering prohibition signs are constructed by various kinds of discourse type whose complexities are formed by the sentence types and the number of sentences constructing by them. Regarding the pragmatic strategies, the signs can be delivered using non-explicit, direct, indirect, expressed, implied, literal and nonliteral strategy. Subsequently, those structures and strategies are influenced by sociocultural factors associated with the interlocutors, such as emotional condition, religious and cultural belief, education, the formality of interaction, place and time, ethnicity, age, medium of transmission, cultural entity, and political factor. Keywords: Discourse, prohibition, strategy, and socio-pragmatics.

Genre Analysis of The Message Segments of An Indonesian-English Tourism Text Translation: Case in Madura

Abstract. Genre as a spectrum of textual manifestation signals its textual presence through linguistic devices. In the tourism text, the signal of its presence is marked by a transition from one movement or organizing activity to another. Translating genre is central to the work of translators. The fact is the translation process often does not take one line and translators often overlook the role of contextual specifications. This difficulty is also compounded by the fact that the readers’ understanding when reading the translation text often has difficulty in obtaining the meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and explain the translation of an Indonesian-English tourism text genre focusing on message segments to determine the moves and rhetorical functions of the discourse structure and how they may contribute to the readability of the text. The study was descriptive qualitative research. The data was extracted from a variety of documents related to Madura tourism. The data collection technique was document review and the data analysis was interactive model analysis. The results of the study showed that the message segments of the Indonesian-English tourism text translation were constructed with three moves (explanation, illustration, and argumentation) and three rhetorical functions (description, definition, and cause and effect). These moves and rhetorical functions in the translation of the Indonesian-English tourism text genre contributed to the results of the readability of the translated texts, i.e., they were fully comprehensible without unnecessary effort in the part of the readers. The findings suggest that genre analysis of the message segments of the tourism text translation can be a good alternative for communicating the intentions of the source texts. Thus, this can be a good practice for translators to consider when translating texts and other related texts as well.Keywords: Genre, Message Segment, Translation, Tourism

Diagnostic assessment of novice EFL learners’ discourse competence in academic writing: a case study

Discourse competence is an essential component of communicative competence and central to the mastery of academic writing. This article reports a three-tiered diagnostic assessment of two English as a foreign language (EFL) student writers’ discourse competence in terms of textual features, composing strategies, and knowledge about academic writing. Drawing on extensive analyses of their writing samples, writer logs, and semi-structured interviews, we identified their discourse-level weaknesses and examined their writing strategies and academic writing knowledge status to ascertain their relationships with the observed weaknesses. Global coherence, which conveys the macros-level structure of the whole discourse, was found to be a shared problem of the two students. An investigation into their writing processes found that both students were deadline fighters whose poor time management seemed to account for the problems in their texts. Both spent too much time researching content knowledge but did not reserve sufficient time for writing and revision. Having limited knowledge of the disciplinary content and the required genre type and lacking adequate writing strategies were three salient blocks that impeded their composition of disciplinary essays. Based on the above, we propose a three-stage instructional procedure to facilitate novice EFL learners’ development of discourse competence in English academic writing.

The Persuasive Function of the Title as a “Movere” Tool in Journalistic Film Reviews

Based on theories in pragmatics, rhetoric, argumentation and discourse analysis, the genre of “journalistic film review”, relatively little examined, has been analysed in this paper as a discourse reflecting a justified assessment. Our analysis, presented as a case study, concerns the persuasive function of the titles of 53 French and francophone film reviews. In this analysis, the act of persuasion, anchored in Perelman’s (1971) concept of argumentation, corresponds to the rhetorical structure of public discourse. For the act of persuasion, we focus on discursive and stylistic parameters related to the rhetorical principle of “movere” as the basis of the film review’s deliberative (advisory and justifying) dimension. The role of this dimension is to invite the addressee to co-create the meaning of the discourse through the process of co-schematisation, implemented with the help of emotional argumentation in the form of appraisive and affective lexemes. These stylistic devices also constitute a mechanism of persuasion typical of advertising discourse.

Language, Cognition, and Drone Warfare: Applying Cognitive Linguistic Tools in the Critical Analysis of Drone Discourses

This paper presents a cognitively oriented analysis of metaphorical and descriptive language, showing how an understanding of cognitive linguistics can be employed by scholars working on drone texts to enhance and support their analyses. Cognitive linguistics provides a powerful framework for understanding the conceptual structure of language, and the choices made by authors in the ways they choose to construe their experiences. Conceptual Blending Theory and Cognitive Grammar’s notion of construal are introduced as linguistic frameworks through which the ideological structures of drone discourses can be interrogated. Overall, it argues that approaches from cognitive linguistics offers valuable resources for understanding how common patterns in discourse (re)produce and resist ideological stances on drone warfare, and it provides example analyses from a range of sources to demonstrate how these particular frameworks can contribute to the analysis of language and ideology.

FILM DISCOURSE AS A TWO-LEVEL SYSTEM OF COMPONENTS: A FUNCTIONAL VIEW

The article is devoted to the problem of modeling the structure of film discourse from a functional point of view. The author explained the essence of the concept of “film discourse” and clarified its relationship with related terms. The article denies the expediency of identifying such concepts as “telecine cinematographic discourse” and “cinematographic discourse” with film discourse. The material proves the hyperonymic status of film discourse. It has been noticed that scientists use the following terms in film discourse studies: film text, film dialogue, film replica, film trailer, film announcement and film slogan. It has been determined that film dialogues, film replicas and film slogans are among them of a purely verbal nature. Movie texts, along with movie trailers and movie announcements, accumulate verbal and other semiotic signs. It is established that the connections between the groups of these concepts show the transition from the largest to the smallest: 1) film text – film dialogue – film replica; 2) film trailer – film announcement – film slogan. The expediency of applying a functional approach to modeling the structure of film discourse based on the provisions of the methodology of discourse analysis and the idea of the dyadic nature of the structure of discourse as such is substantiated. However, it is also suggested to take into account the two levels of communication in film discourse (external level – collective author / audience; internal level – addressee character and addressee character) and to distinguish between ecto- and entocomponents. Entocomponents are film texts with film dialogues and film lines. These are products of communicative activity that have a certain meaning and semiotic form that can convey this meaning. They are also marked by integrity, completeness and perform a variety of discourse functions, in addition to advertising. Ectocomponents are film trailers, film announcements and film slogans, because they are the products of communicative activities that have their meaning and semiotic form, while being relatively complete and concise with a focus on the implementation of primarily advertising function. It is determined that ento- and ectocomponents in the structure of film discourse interact with each other on the principle of hierarchical subordination. Ectocomponents are subordinated to ethnic components, despite the fact that external components have a wider functional palette. It is proved that the relations between ento- and ectocomponents are established approximate identity, because movie trailers and movie announcements are almost always created on the basis of pre-borrowed frames, episodes and cues / dialogues from the main movie text. This was confirmed by a comparative analysis of the language organization of the film trailer and the film text of the documentary “Your Vasyl”.

The Apotheosis of Steve Jobs: Belief and Desire in the Discourse of Design

This article addresses design theory’s lack of engagement with psychoanalysis by examining how the Lacanian concept of the subject-supposed-to-know can be used to explore the area of desirability in design and bring to light certain regularities in the structures of design discourse. After a brief introduction, the subject-supposed-to-know and the transference relation are situated in the context of Lacan’s work and explored with reference to Plato’s Symposium. The figure of Steve Jobs is then introduced as a representative example of the subject-supposed-to-know; that is, as a figure who mediates the relation between subject and object through various discursive strategies. The nature of the belief necessary to this relation is then interrogated via a reading of The Devil Wears Prada. The final section addresses the ideological function of Steve Jobs in the terms of the discourse of management.

Инстанции разграничения в дискурсе рок-культуры

The main concepts of the article are discourse and instances of delineation. This is a set of social institutions that can form the structure of discourse, identify its main and secondary segments. The aim of the research is identification of the instances of delineation in the discourse of rock-culture. The methods of this research included narrative interviews with agents of rock-culture and discourse-analysis. Agents of rock-culture are musicians, their close friends, collector of discs, fans. The research allows us to draw the following conclusions. In the discourse of rock-culture the role of such institutions is fulfilled by a friend, a senior member of family, media and music shops. The friend that structures the discourse should have authority and prestige. They define aesthetic positions, give assessments and exert informational impact. A friend can influence both temporarily and permanently. A senior member of the family affects the discourse in the same way. Other instances of delineation are media and music shops. Media has the effect in rock-discourse of setting the agenda. Methods of forming the agenda are nomination of facts and rankings. A music shop organizes conversation between different agents of rock-culture. A shop operates like media. It provides positive nomination segments of discourse: the demanded goods create a certain verbal series influencing a visitor of the shop. A visitor enters a certain context that leads them to perceive themselves as a referent product that can further the thesaurus of the subject. The structure of the discourse formation is determined by the institutions that act both in the public and in the private field of cultural being. The public instances of delineation are media and musical shops (or market in the reality of Soviet culture). So the discourse of rock performs a double function. It introduces the subject into the sphere of social and cultural innovations. At the same time rock that has a private character returns one to cultural traditions.

Linking discourse-level information and the induction of bilingual discourse connective lexicons

The single biggest obstacle in performing comprehensive cross-lingual discourse analysis is the scarcity of multilingual resources. The existing resources are overwhelmingly monolingual, compelling researchers to infer the discourse-level information in the target languages through error-prone automatic means. The current paper aims to provide a more direct insight into the cross-lingual variations in discourse structures by linking the annotated relations of the TED-Multilingual Discourse Bank, which consists of independently annotated six TED talks in seven different languages. It is shown that the linguistic labels over the relations annotated in the texts of these languages can be automatically linked with English with high accuracy, as verified against the relations of three diverse languages semi-automatically linked with relations over English texts. The resulting corpus has a great potential to reveal the divergences in local discourse relations, as well as leading to new resources, as exemplified by the induction of bilingual discourse connective lexicons.

Discourse analysis based credibility checks to online reviews using deep learning based discourse markers

E-commerce strongly relies on marketing strategies that utilize user given feedback on services provided. Hotels and other hospitabilty outlets such as restaurants enlist user feedback about their services in their online reservation systems, thereby helping thier prospective customers in the decision making process. The credibility of such reviews is of paramount significance and any compromise of the process can lead to unwanted consequences both for customers and businesses. As such, the need for a method by which deceptive reviews are identified is evident to protect community and businesses alike. Deceptive reviews typically exhibit distinctive linguistic clues which can be detected, raising a flag about the credibilty of the user who posted them . Specifically, discursive features that show in such texts can be a useful tool in checking the credibility of reviews. Manually analysing the discourse and different rhetorical structures can be a tedious and timeconsuming process allowing some deceptive reviews to remain publically available. However, coupled with artificial intelligence tools such as deep learning approaches, discourse analysis could be performed in a manner that is both efficient and timely. The proposed study used a balanced publically available deceptive and truthful reviews dataset to design a discourse analysis based credibility check scheme with high accuracy. The multi-context of text is extracted via multi-n-gram windows (named as Discourse markers) applied in a proposed deep multi-channel convolutional neural network (MC-CNN). The hold-out approach is applied with 6 various splits of data on the proposed method MC-CNN to validate the performance. From various experiments, we report the best F1-score 87% has been achieved that not only defended the deep learning based discourse analysis but also defended the hypothesis made on deceptive and truthful reviews by proposed study.