Structure Of Materials Research Articles

Ensuring force sensing reliability for robot variable stiffness actuator by elastic deflection estimation

Purpose This study aims to improve the force sensing performance of the robot joint for the safety and flexibility of physical human–robot interaction. Design/methodology/approach A force sensing mechanism (FSM) for an S-shaped spring of a robot variable stiffness actuator (VSA) was designed. The yield strength of the spring material, geometric and assembly structure constraints of the VSA are all considered for the actuator deflection limit design. The elastic deformation model is solved in reverse to obtain the local deformation limit profile of the S-spring at different spring angles. The deformation limit mechanism is manufactured by three-dimensional printing and assembled with S-springs. The force sensing function for the VSA is achieved by the input and output shaft encoders and stiffness model. The FSM is verified by torque-deflection experiments with variable stiffness. Findings The yield strength of the S-spring material is the strictest constraint for elastic deformation. Experimental results show that the external force can be quickly and reliably perceived. As the spring angle increases (stiffness increases), the hysteresis and nonlinear error decrease. Under the constraint of the FSM, the maximum deflection also decreases rapidly. Originality/value The designed FSM based on the deformation and stiffness model provides a comprehensive design reference in a VSA with nonlinear elastic mechanisms, which is ignored but important for exploring the VSAs potential.

Dragonfly-Inspired 3D Bionic Folding Grid Structure Design

Abstract: The method proposed in this paper provides a new research idea for biomimetic three-dimensional grid structure material design. The wings of a dragonfly exhibit a complex grid structure, comprising approximately 1–2% of its total weight, yet demonstrating exceptional mechanical efficiency. In order to investigate the feasibility of applying the design optimization method simulating this structure to the material structure design, we adopted a multi-step method to realize the formation of multi-scale grid structures and folds. Initially, the main vein of the front wing was simulated using a branching structure generation technique. Subsequently, a Voronoi grid was overlaid to generate the complete bionic grid structure. Finally, the fold structure of the wing was simulated using origami principles to create a three-dimensional grid structure. This method can obtain the rigid–flexible coupling 3D grid structure by simulating the 3D fold structure design of the dragonfly wing. The results show that the proposed method can obtain structural materials with excellent structural properties by simulating the structural characteristics of dragonfly wings.

Probing spectral features of quantum many-body systems with quantum simulators

Abstract The efficient probing of spectral features is important for characterising and understanding the structure and dynamics of quantum materials. In this work, we establish a framework for probing the excitation spectrum of quantum many-body systems with quantum simulators. Our approach effectively realises a spectral detector by processing the dynamics of observables with time intervals drawn from a defined probability distribution, which only requires native time evolution governed by the Hamiltonian without ancilla. The critical element of our method is the engineered emergence of frequency resonance such that the excitation spectrum can be probed. We show that the time complexity for transition energy estimation has a logarithmic dependence on simulation accuracy and how such observation can be guaranteed in certain many-body systems. We discuss the noise robustness of our spectroscopic method and show that the total running time maintains polynomial dependence on accuracy in the presence of device noise. We further numerically test the error dependence and the scalability of our method for lattice models. We present simulation results for the spectral features of typical quantum systems, either gapped or gapless, including quantum spins, fermions and bosons. We demonstrate how excitation spectra of spin-lattice models can be probed experimentally with IBM quantum devices.

In Situ Fabrication of AgI/MIL‐101(Cr) Nanocomposite Catalyst With Enhancing Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye Molecules From Wastewater

ABSTRACTThe construction and optimization of an effective photocatalyst for photodegradation of persistent recalcitrant organic remains challenging. In this work, MIL‐101(Cr)‐based nanocomposites (AgI@MCr) are proposed to be fabricated by a simple, green solvent, and room temperature in situ preparation strategy, achieving a highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye rhodamine B (RhB) molecule under visible light irradiation. Extensive characterization (XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM and EDS, TG, XPS, UV–vis DRS, PL, transient photocurrent, and EIS) confirmed the composite material's structure, morphology, elemental composition, and optical characteristics. Among all the prepared nanocomposites, AgI@MCr‐2 demonstrates outstanding photocatalytic performance for RhB with a removal efficiency of 95.4% within 70 min, and a reaction kinetics of 0.0392 min−1, superior to pristine AgI or MIL‐101(Cr), and also shows excellent durability, retaining over 80% RhB degradation efficiency after four cycles. Remarkably, the significant enhancement is attributed to the built interfacial contact and synergistic effect between substances in the nanocomposite, high specific surface area, strong visible light–harvesting capacity, low bandgaps, and high electron–hole pair separation. In addition, a possible degradation route for the AgI@MCr nanocomposite is further proposed using various analysis techniques. This study provides valuable references for developing effective multicomponent MOF‐based photocatalytic composite materials for dyeing wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

The Role of Fluorine in Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

With the growing global demand for renewable energy and the increasing scarcity of lithium resources, sodium-ion batteries have received extensive attention and research as a potential alternative. Among many cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, polyanion materials are favored for their high operating voltage, stable cycling performance, and good safety. However, the low electronic conductivity and low energy density of polyanionic materials limit their potential for large-scale commercial applications. To overcome this challenge, various strategies have been explored to improve their electrochemical performance. Among them, fluorine doping has been proven to be an effective means. In this study, we have systematically explored the effects of trace fluorine doping and mass fluorine substitution on the structure, dynamics, and electrochemistry of polyanionic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and deeply analyzed their reaction mechanisms. The analysis results show that trace fluorine doping can effectively improve the electronic conductivity of the material, thus enhancing its electrochemical performance. A large amount of fluorine substitution can effectively improve the voltage plateau of the material, thus enhancing its energy density. However, the environmental and safety challenges associated with the introduction of fluorine should also be addressed. Overall, the introduction of fluorine in polyanionic cathode materials can further optimize the electronic structure and electrochemical performance, thus realizing the wide application of high-performance sodium-ion batteries and making them a competitive battery technology.

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance by Constructing CdS/CdSe Heterojunction Structure

The growing need for sustainable energy development has become a critical issue due to worsening environmental pollution and climate change. Among the various technologies, the photoelectrochemical technology has been recognized as one of the essential approaches for advancing sustainable energy production. Out of the semiconductor materials used in PEC systems, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) have been widely studied as promising candidates due to their advantageous properties. CdS, with a bandgap of 2.4 eV and high photoactivity, and CdSe, with a narrower bandgap of 1.9 eV and excellent light absorption characteristics, offer complementary advantages. In this study, we synthesized the CdS and CdSe materials via hydrothermal and chemical bath deposition methods, respectively, to fabricate a CdS/CdSe heterojunction photoanode system. The heterojunction CdS/CdSe photoanode formed a type-II structure, which facilitated efficient charge separation and transfer. Moreover, the CdS/CdSe photoanode exhibited high light absorption properties with very low charge transfer resistance, attributed to the role of CdS particles beneath CdSe as an electron transfer layer and the porous structure of the composite material. As a result, the CdS/CdSe photoanode achieved high photocurrent density of 4.51 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup> comparing to their individual cases, representing a 78% improvement in PEC performance compared to the only CdSe photoanode case.

Design of University Vocational Education Evaluation System Guided by Multiple Intelligence Theory

This manuscript explores an innovative vocational education evaluation system designed based on the theory of multiple intelligences. Aimed at enhancing the structure of educational content and training materials, the system's effectiveness is validated through rigorous pre-test and post-test simulations. Results from paired sample t-tests (P<0.05) indicate a significant improvement in students' linguistic intelligence, demonstrating the theory's positive impact on educational outcomes. This study supports the practical application of multiple intelligences theory, offering empirical evidence for future educational reforms and emphasizing the importance of identifying and cultivating diverse intelligences in students to promote their comprehensive development and success.

An Eight-Membered Ring Molecular Framework Based on Carbazole for the Development of Electroluminescent Materials

The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been regarded as the most prominent product in the current market of organic electronics, which has attracted growing attention because of their applications in full-color displays and solid-state lighting. Organic materials that exhibit strong luminescence in the solid state constitute the core position of OLED. Extensive research efforts to probe the structure of organic luminescent materials have attracted considerable attention to the conjugated fusion ring architecture. This is because it can confer molecular rigidity and helps to inhibit intermolecular interactions and non-radiative transitions, thus enhancing the performance of luminescent materials. Here, we use an efficient and simple method to construct an eight-membered ring molecular framework based on carbazole. Moreover, we have introduced groups with different electron-withdrawing abilities to develop a series of luminescent molecules. The results show that the nonplanar structure based on the eight-membered ring suppresses fluorescence quenching caused by molecular aggregation. As the doping concentration increases, the electroluminescence spectrum remains basically unchanged, indicating that the eight-membered ring structure can effectively suppress the intermolecular interaction. Notably, DCBz-pm exhibits deep blue emission with a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.158, 0.046), which nearly meets the BT. 2020 standards. The DCBz-CN device reaches a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.36%. These results offer a new design strategy for improving the performance of OLEDs.

Differential Thermal Analysis of a Wood-gypsum Composite

Statement of the problem. An increase in the range of production of products and structures based on gypsum binders with the addition of various fillers that improve some of the technological properties of the resulting composites is a promising direction in building materials science. The paper proposes the development of a technology for creating decorative slabs for interior decoration, reinforced with sawdust. Taking into account the increased requirements for thermal protection of buildings (SNiP 23-02-03), the issue of reducing the average density and increasing the thermal resistance of heat-shielding (heat-insulating and wall) for interior decoration is relevant. A decrease in density can be achieved, for example, by porousizing a gypsum product, but this requires carbonates and solutions of acids or salts with the formation of a porous agent in the form of CO2, which is not economically and environmentally friendly enough, so it was decided to introduce pine sawdust into the gypsum composite for decorative boards. In this case, it is necessary to conduct an experiment to identify the effect of adding sawdust on the fire safety of the composite as a whole. Results. In the course of the work, the results of a differential thermal analysis of a gypsum matrix with the addition of sawdust were obtained. It has been established that at an increase above 490 °C, sawdust filler is completely subject to destruction with the formation of coke residue and slight pore formation due to weight loss (judging by the thermogravimetric curve) due to the release of volatile substances, and only CaSO4 inversion occurs near the gypsum part. Conclusions. Thus, when studying the effect of thermal action on the structure and properties of materials by differential scanning calorimetry, it was revealed that exo- and endothermic processes, characteristic of both wood materials and gypsum, are superimposed during kinetic changes. Therefore, a fire hazard does not occur.

Controllable Construction of Hollow Ni/NiO@PPy Particles for Broadband and Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption

AbstractMicrowave‐absorbing materials are widely used in electromagnetic protection and military stealth fields. Hollow structure materials, as efficient microwave absorbing materials, have garnered considerable attention, since they are beneficial to multiple reflection and enhance the attenuation loss of microwaves. Herein, a strategy is proposed to prepare hollow Ni/NiO@PPy particles using a water‐soluble template method combined with in situ polymerization process. The cuboid hollow Ni/NiO@PPy particles are constructed with Na2SO4 as templates and then filled into epoxy resin to form composite films with excellent microwave absorption properties. The Ni/NiO@PPy composite film under optimal conditions exhibits a minimum reflection loss value of −72.14 dB and the absorption rate is more than 99.99% with filling content of 10 wt.%. By adjusting the film thickness, an effective absorption bandwidth of 15.94 GHz can be achieved, which almost completely covers the S, C, X, and Ku bands. The CST simulation results confirm the outstanding radar cross‐section attenuation of the composite film. Remarkably, with an ultra‐low filling content of 2.5 wt.%, the composite film still achieves an absorption rate of 99.90%, demonstrating highly efficient microwave absorption with ultra‐low filling content.

Investigation on the Anisotropic Electrothermal Performance of Wood‐Based Graphene Electric Heating Composites

The unique material structure and pronounced anisotropy of wood bestow it with an array of remarkable properties, creating opportunities for designing functional materials. This study investigates the application of wood's anisotropic structure in temperature‐controlled intelligent electric heating materials by preparing wood‐based graphene electric heating composites (GNPs@EW). Graphene nanosheets (GNPs) are incorporated into a birch matrix (EW) to enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of insulating wood. The integration of graphene with wood is confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The optimal composite (GNPs@EW1) is prepared with graphene‐to‐anhydrous ethanol mass ratio of 1:1. The results demonstrate the influence of wood's anisotropy on the electrical and thermal conductivity of the composites, revealing superior performance in the axial direction compared to the tangential direction. The resistivity of GNPs@EW1 along the axial direction decreases by 2.1–2.9 times relative to the tangential direction, and the temperature rise after energization at 6 V is 22–29 °C higher in the axial direction. Furthermore, GNPs@EW1 exhibits thermal stability, enhanced axial mechanical properties, and temperature uniformity, establishing these superior axial properties as a foundation for the development of wood‐based heating materials and innovative smart heating applications.

Quantitative Determination of High-Frequency Voltage Attenuation in an Electric-Pulse-Excited Stroboscopic Transmission Electron Microscope.

High-frequency electric pulse signals are often applied to stimulate functional materials in devices. To investigate the relationship between materials structure and dynamic behavior under high-frequency electric excitation, the stroboscopic imaging mode is widely used in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). From a technical point of view, it is crucial to quantitatively determine high-frequency attenuation in an electric-pulse-excited stroboscopic TEM. Here, we propose the quantitative method to evaluate the voltage attenuation by using magnification variation of defocused bright-field transmission electron microscopy images in a stroboscopic mode when applying high-frequency electric pulse signals onto a model system of two opposite tungsten tips. The negative voltage excitation possesses higher high-frequency voltage attenuation than the positive voltage excitation due to the possible nonreciprocal transmission of the triangle waves within the circuit between the biasing sample holder and the arbitrary waveform generator. Our approach of high-frequency attenuation determination provides the experimental foundation for quantitative analysis on the dynamic evolution of materials structure and functionality under electric pulse stimuli.

Enhanced properties of (TaNbTiV)C high‐entropy carbide ceramics through controlled structure and morphology of high‐entropy carbide powders

AbstractSubmicron high‐entropy carbide (HEC) (TaNbTiV)C powders with various morphologies and properties were prepared using the molten salt method by adjusting structures and graphitization of carbon sources. Subsequently, the HEC ceramics were sintered at 1900°C using spark plasma sintering. Compared to traditional carbon sources (carbon black and flake graphite), powders synthesized using graphitic carbon microspheres with a spherical shape exhibited a smaller particle size of 0.45 µm, a larger specific surface area of 14.46 m2/g, and a larger lattice constant of 0.4451 nm. Moreover, the HEC powders prepared using graphitic carbon microspheres enhanced the sintering of the HEC matrix, leading to improved mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the HEC ceramics compared to those prepared using other carbon sources. Unlike the precursor method used to adjust the HEC powder structure, the molten salt method is a low‐cost and straightforward approach to regulating the HEC powder structure by controlling the structure of raw material.

Phase field modeling of sub-parabolic oxidation kinetics and in-plane stress in Zircaloy under neutron/proton irradiation

Abstract A detailed study of the sub-parabolic oxidation kinetics in Zircaloy system has been carried out by using phase field modeling under conditions related to oxidation in autoclave and during neutron/proton irradiation. The exploited phase field model is factored in temperature gradient and voltage change between metal and oxide surface. It is shown that the irradiation accelerates oxidation rate and induces development of conjugated in-plane stress. It is found that both in-plane and tensile stresses result in a power-law decrease in a critical time for fragmentation \emph{versus} dose rate. 
It is shown that a critical crystallite size for the related tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation at the oxide/metal interface decreases with the dose rate. Obtained results correlate well with experimental observations in the reference points and can be exploited to estimate corrosion resistance linked to transformation to monoclinic structure and fragmentation in zirconium-based cladding materials. 
This study provides a deep insight into the details of oxidation kinetics at irradiation in zirconium alloys.

Математическое описание процесса автоклавной обработки изделий из ячеистого бетона как объекта с распределенными параметрами

A mathematical description of the autoclave treatment process for cellular concrete products has been developed as a non-stationary control object under conditions of parameter distribution in the form of a system of partial differential equations. The equations take into account heat and mass transfer both in the autoclave medium and in the cellular concrete masses, as well as the process of steam diffusion through the boundary layer and internal heat release during the synthesis of hydro-silicates in the structure of the autoclaved raw material in the form of tobermorite. The resulting system of equations is linked with boundary conditions according to the scheme proposed in the work. Based on the obtained system of partial differential equations, and considering the developed scheme of boundary conditions, a calculation scheme for the autoclave and its corresponding computational model in the SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation software environment have been created. Numerical experiments were conducted to assess the temperature dynamics at the center and surface of the masses, as well as in the autoclave medium. A comparison of the results of numerical modeling with known data from field experiments by determining the root mean square deviation of temperature values at the center and surface of cellular concrete masses confirmed the adequacy of the developed model under the accepted assumptions. The data obtained from numerical modeling can be used in the synthesis of automated control systems with the autoclave treatment process to determine the temperature gradient in the volume of autoclaved cellular concrete, which, in turn, will optimize production processes and improve the quality of the final product while minimizing energy consumption for its production.

Data Are Power: Addressing the Power Imbalance Around Community Data with the Open-Access Data4HumanRights Curriculum

Data4HumanRights’ training materials have been developed as open-source and tailored to limited-resource settings, where community data collectors often live and work. Access to training on data collection, analysis, and visualisation to support the advocacy of vulnerable groups is essential, particularly in the context of increasing human rights challenges such as land rights, adequate housing, conflicts, and climate justice. This paper provides an overview of how the training materials were co-developed with community data collectors in Nigeria and Kenya, offering insights into the fundamental principles (i.e., inclusiveness, adaptive, limited resources, and being gender- and incentive-sensitive) and the structure of the open-access training materials. The development process resulted in 28 modules, each designed to be delivered in a face-to-face format in less than one day by a local trainer. To maximize adaptivity, the training modules can be mixed and matched (e.g., as individual modules or a learning path of several modules around a specific training need). The individual modules cover a range of methods and tools that are useful to human rights work and community advocacy, e.g., documenting evictions, performing rapid needs assessments after acute crises, community profiling, and monitoring community development indicators. The training materials contain instructions for the training facilitator(s) and all necessary training materials. To ensure inclusivity, the training covers both basic and advanced topics, with most modules designed to address basic needs that can be followed using a mobile phone, thereby avoiding the need for computers or printed handouts. The training results in Nigeria and Kenya showcase applications, including mapping waste problems and addressing forced evictions. Trained community groups produced maps of waste piles to prioritize community actions, such as finding space for urban agriculture, and conducted rapid needs assessments during a massive eviction. This approach helps reduce power imbalances and empowers community groups to effectively manage and utilise their own data.

Development of a Green Corrosion Inhibitor from Lophatherum Gracile Extract for Steel Protection

Corrosion constitutes a significant challenge in the context of infrastructure development, with particular implications for steel materials. One common method for preventing corrosion is the application of inhibitor materials. Inhibitors are classified into two main categories: organic inhibitors and inorganic inhibitors. Inorganic inhibitors are costly and may have adverse environmental effects. Consequently, organic inhibitors that are cost-effective and environmentally benign were developed. One plant that has the potential to be used as an organic inhibitor is Lophatherum gracile B. (Lophatherum gracile Brogn), due to its antioxidant compounds that can prevent corrosion. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the Lophatherum gracile B. extract inhibitor on the corrosion rate and its inhibition efficiency on reinforcing steel. The weight loss method was employed to determine the corrosion rate in a 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) medium, with concentration variations of 0%, 2%, and 4% over a duration of 24, 72, and 96 hours. The findings indicated that the lowest corrosion rate was observed at the 4% concentration, while the highest rate was noted at the 0% concentration. The inhibition efficiency of the Lophatherum gracile B. extract was determined to be greater than 66%. The qualitative analysis of the macro photo material structure indicated that the steel surface treated with Lophatherum gracile B. extract exhibited a reduced level of corrosion in comparison to the control sample. Furthermore, the tensile strength testing demonstrated that the decline in the tensile strength of steel could be attenuated through the use of inhibitors. These findings suggest that the Lophatherum gracile B. extract is an effective inhibitor material for reinforcing steel.

The reaction mechanisms of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with food Simulants: Based on experiments and computational analysis.

Ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) are widely used as sterilizing agents in the food industry. However, their residues in food packaging can migrate into food and react with it, affecting the accuracy of residue detection in food. This study aims to explore the reaction mechanisms between EO and PO and aqueous food simulants using both experimental and computational methods. Especially to investigate the effects of temperature, pH and material structure on these reactions. Experimentally, the stability of EO and PO in different types of aqueous food simulants at 20°C, 40°C and 70°C was observed. It was found that at 20°C, EO and PO reacted rapidly in 4% EtOH, which 90% has reacted in 72h, and only 10%-20% reacted in other types of food simulants. All reactions accelerated with increasing temperature. At 70°C, all reactions have been completed except for 50% EtOH, which 80% has reacted in 72h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that EO and PO can form diols or glycol ethers. Computationally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Transition State Theory (TST) was used to calculate the energy barriers of the reaction processes. The results showed that the energy barrier for the reaction of EO and PO with water is about 125kJ/mol. The energy barrier can be reduced by about 40kJ/mol with acid catalysis. Reactivity at the binding sites was analyzed through the Fukui function (FF), average local ionization energy (ALIE), and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis. According to the results, the f+value at C7 in PO is 0.041 higher than it at C5. The ESP value of EO is 0.15kcal/mol higher than that of PO and the ALIE value of EO is also 0.11eV higher. The experimental results show the impact of temperature, and calculation results highlight the effects of pH and material structure on reaction mechanism. These results can help guide the development of safer packaging materials and provide theoretical support for more accurate detection of residues in food.

Direct Recycling of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries: Principles, Strategies, and Perspectives.

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have become an important part of the global transition to green and low-carbon energy. However, due to the rapidly increasing demand and production of lithium-ion batteries, there is a large amount of spent batteries that need to be disposed of. The most critical and valuable recycling of spent batteries is the recycling of cathode materials. Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are traditional recycling processes aimed at extracting valuable metal elements from cathode materials. However, these methods have several disadvantages, including destruction of the structure of cathode materials, lengthy repair processes, high energy consumption and high environmental pollution. The direct recycling process is a popular repair technology for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The aim is to restore or upgrade the cathode materials in a non-destructive manner or convert them into other functional products for secondary use, characterized by a short repair process, high atom utilization, lower costs and lower carbon emissions. This perspective summarizes the current status of lithium-ion battery recycling, with a focus on direct recycling of cathode materials. It describes the pretreatment process, theoretical foundations, direct regeneration strategies and perspectives and provides insights for relevant researchers.

NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates Pyroptosis of Alveolar Macrophages to Induce Radiation Lung Injury

Alveolar macrophages play a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying alveolar macrophage pyroptosis and inflammasome activation in radiation-induced lung injury remain unclear. In this study, we employed multicolor flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the immune cell and cell death landscape in the tissue microenvironment of radiation-induced lung injury. Additionally, we utilized mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and Duolink techniques to investigate the core inflammasome responsible for mediating alveolar macrophage pyroptosis. We noticed that the percentage of alveolar macrophages, T, B and epithelial cells decreased significantly post-irradiation. Notably, the proportional changes in alveolar macrophages closely correlated with Szapiels' pneumonia score. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages emerged as the earliest cell type to initiate pyroptosis and act as pivotal regulators of cell communication. In vitro and in vivo experiments, we observed a significant increase in NLRP3 binding to the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein in irradiated alveolar macrophages. In vivo, MCC950 effectively inhibited alveolar macrophage pyroptosis and significantly reducing inflammatory cells recruitment. Subsequently, targeting AM pyroptosis ultimately inhibit the infiltration of interstitial macrophages and the activation of fibroblasts, decrease collagen deposition and alleviate the severity of radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Targeting alveolar macrophage pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation hold substantial therapeutic potential for mitigating radiation-induced lung injury. Environmental implicationIonizing radiation can contaminate soil, water, and the atmosphere, posing a serious threat to human health. Furthermore, ionizing radiation can potentially altering the structure of genetic material within cells, leading to genetic mutations and reduced biodiversity. Therefore, ionizing radiation should be classified as a hazardous substance and strictly managed and controlled. By implementing protective measures, including limiting the use of radioactive materials and adopting effective prevention and control strategies, the negative impacts of radiation on humans and the environment can be mitigated, protecting the ecosystem. This study elucidates the potential mechanisms of radiation damage to human lung tissue and explores methods to address them.