Structural Elements Research Articles

Tensile Forces Behavior on Longitudinal Reinforcement and CFRP Strips on Circular Hollow Reinforced Concrete Columns

Abstract Currently, there is not much research on strengthening structural elements with hollows. This manuscript presents the test results from twelve circular reinforced concrete column specimens strengthened with CFRP strips. This study focuses on the strain behavior of longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips due to high shear force intensity. Hollows in the cross-section are used to see the effect of voids on the column strain distribution. Nine specimens have a hollow cross-section with hollow diameters of 1.5", 2.5", and 3.5" for each of the three specimens. Meanwhile, the other three specimens have a solid crosssection. All specimens do not use stirrups to determine the contribution of concrete and CFRP strips to resist shear. Strain gauges are placed in certain positions to read the strain on the longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips. The test results are in the form of tensile forces and are then analyzed to obtain the movement pattern of tensile forces in the longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips. Numerical analysis using a fiber element model is used to obtain the strain in each reinforcement layer. The numerical analysis results were then compared with the test results and showed close results. Then, an equation for calculating the tensile force in CFRP strips is proposed. The proposed equation approximates the test results with an accuracy level of 90%.

Prior function designs for X-ray reconstructions from limited angular views

The objectivity of three-dimensional imaging has placed X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) into an indispensable diagnostic method in clinical and industrial applications. Despite the advances in the X-ray CT imaging, high- resolution three-dimensional reconstruction of small details in objects with large in-plane dimensions has been a fundamental challenge for the conventional X-ray CT method. An alternative scanning geometry, where X-ray source and a detector move synchronously irradiating a specimen at an inclined angle, has been proposed to address this challenge. This work presents new designs of prior (or penalty) functions developed for reconstructing the radiography data obtained under the limited angular conditions. The new prior targets reduction of shape distortion artifacts, common for laminographic reconstructions, as well as preservation of small features, such as voids, edge details, and high-density inclusions. The novel prior function designs are demonstrated on the computational phantom of a specimen scanned under tilted planar CT geometry simulating large planar dimensions of a specimen. To accommodate physical CT scanning of such specimens, a novel microfocus X-ray CT scanning device that rotates X-ray source and moves the detector synchronously while staying on the same side of the test specimen (Inclined CT), is introduced. This device allows scanning of critical areas of up to 3-meter-wide and potentially unlimited length specimens with high resolution required for identification of manufacturing and structural defects typical for modern composite structural elements used in the aerospace industry.

METHODS FOR INCREASING THE FATIGUE LIFE OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS WITH FASTENER HOLES - STATE OF THE ART

The article reviews the main approaches and the methods that implement them to improve the fatigue behavior of metal structural elements with fastener holes. A generalized classification scheme is proposed, in which established methods in engineering practice and new methods are systematized. The generalized scheme was developed based on the differential-morphological method. In accordance with the differentiation of the methods in the generalized scheme, the principle schemes of the different groups are visualized and an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages was made from the point of view of their functional capabilities and in a technological aspect.

The speech genre specifics of educational audio podcasts

In the modern media field, new formats implemented in the Internet space are gaining more and more popularity. Convergent processes generate new forms of media content. One of these phenomena is the audio podcast, which is currently not sufficiently studied, many aspects need scientific reflection. In particular, the speech-genre specificity of audio podcasts is of research interest. The object of the undertaken research is educational audio podcasts presented on the platform Smotrim.ru ("100 Minutes" – 26 issues, "Literary squabbles" – 11 issues, "Conversations about literature" – 14 issues, "Diary of his Wife" – 11 issues) and Polka.academy ("Between the lines" – 17 issues), published from 2021 to 2024. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the basic secondary speech genre, representing its primary speech genres objectified in the media texts under study. To achieve the stated goal, both general scientific research methods and private techniques used in media linguistics and media stylistics are used – comparison and interpretation of linguistic facts, speech-genre analysis of media texts. The study of media texts in the context of speech genre studies is relevant and promising, since this research paradigm allows us to identify and describe the basic structural elements of the genre, communicative specifics, intentions and roles of the addressee, to determine the linguistic and stylistic originality of the represented texts. The article presents various points of view on the phenomenon of audio podcasting, formulates its definition, which takes into account not only the technical properties of audio podcasts, but also their content specifics, provides classifications of audio podcasts, systematizes approaches to understanding and researching speech genres, identifies and characterizes the basic secondary speech genre of informative conversation, as well as dominant primary speech included in its structure genres.

Como gênero e raça estruturam o sistema prisional: Diálogos com Angela Davis sobre racismo e sexismo no controle punitivo brasileiro

Abstract We present an analysis of the phenomenon of female incarceration in Brazil, placing it as a concrete determination of the capitalist mode of production. We start from the issue of how the categories of gender and race act as structural elements of Brazilian penal control, based on the reading proposed by Angela Davis, in dialogue with authors of Brazilian feminist. For this reason, initially, we will promote initial debates about oppression as structures of social relations in capitalism. Subsequently, it will be necessary to discuss the oppression of gender and race in the Brazilian context, especially considering the overload of reproductive, invisible, and precarious work. Finally, we will analyze the consolidation of Brazilian punitive control as an instrument for the management of disposable bodies and the constant production and reproduction of racism and sexism in Brazilian culture. We will use materialistic analysis as a methodology, with the critical interpellation (ana-dialectical moment of the method) through the critical analytical, theoretical framework of the black feminism theory. With the formulations, we can conclude, in short, that the violent and racist management of the penal system maintains a solid Brazilian social structure, subjecting the bodies of black women to the harder process of vulnerability imposed by punitive state control.

Building Energy Optimization using BIM: A Study on Institutional Building

Abstract: In many facets of the construction industry, including energy management to encourage the development of green buildings, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the contemporary data information platforms and management technologies that is widely employed. The goal of this study was to optimize an institutional building's energy consumption by analyzing and evaluating its energy performance using BIM-provided capabilities. The Civil Engineering block of Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College in Tirupati, was taken into consideration for the investigation. The 2D blueprint was obtained from the engineering department and BIM technologies were used to create the necessary building model. The Green Building Studio (GBS) tool and Autodesk Insight 360 were utilized to conduct an energy analysis and derive the energy usage figures. The structural elements that are contributing to the high energy demand, such as the area between windows and walls, the width of the chajja relative to the height of the window, etc., were identified, and the BIM model underwent the required alterations to optimize the energy consumption. Comparing the data obtained in the two aspects, it was found that there was a 30% reduction in energy costs and a roughly 29.76% drop in energy use.

Insights into teachers' training and professional development: introducing online technologies

The article deals with the problem of professional development of teachers and lecturers in Ukraine in today's challenging conditions. The authors of the article are representatives of the development team of the online course "Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Methodology" for educators. It is a product of the collective creativity of the Foreign Language Teacher Training Capacity Development as a Way to Ukraine’s Multilingual Education and European Integration (MultiEd) project team, сo-working under the umbrella of the Erasmus+KA2 programme. The course is hosted on the Moodle platform of Zaporizhzhia National University; it is aimed at training specialists capable of adapting and implementing advanced teaching methods in the educational process of the New Ukrainian School. This course is designed for subject teachers, foreign language teachers in secondary and higher education, as well as educational institution leaders who understand the contemporary challenges of education in line with the demands of the job market and are interested in modernizing existing educational programs, improving teaching and learning methods, and implementing a culture of quality assurance in education. The course is developed in the Ukrainian and English languages; it is flexible in time and choosing subject themes to fill the gaps in knowledge. The article presents the stages of course development and implementation, description of its content and structural elements. The course was piloted in all UA universities, partnered with the MultiEd team, encompassing 583 participants, 466 of which successfully completed the course. This article focuses on the results of 194 participants’ training on the Moodle platform of Zaporizhzhia National University (March – November 2023), their progress, evaluation and critical remarks, and highlights the prospects of its use in the system of professional teacher training

Pf bacteriophages hinder sputum antibiotic diffusion via electrostatic binding.

Despite great progress in the field, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections remain a major cause of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), necessitating treatment with antibiotics. Pf is a filamentous bacteriophage produced by Pa and acts as a structural element in Pa biofilms. Pf presence has been associated with antibiotic resistance and poor outcomes in pwCF, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We have investigated how Pf and sputum biopolymers impede antibiotic diffusion using pwCF sputum and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching. We demonstrate that tobramycin interacts with Pf and sputum polymers through electrostatic interactions. We also developed a set of mathematical models to analyze the complex observations. Our analysis suggests that Pf in sputum reduces the diffusion of charged antibiotics due to a greater binding constant associated with organized liquid crystalline structures formed between Pf and sputum polymers. This study provides insights into antibiotic tolerance mechanisms in chronic Pa infections and may offer potential strategies for novel therapeutic approaches.

ScriptCalc: Handwriting Recognition with Mathematical Equation Solving

Abstract: The present paper proposes a novel algorithm for recognition of handwritten digits. For this, the present paper classified the digits into two groups: one group consists of blobs with/without stems and the other digits with stems only. The blobs are identified based on a new concept called morphological region filling methods. This eliminates the problem of finding the size of blobs and their structuring elements. The digits with blobs and stems are identified by a new concept called ‘connected component’. This method completely eliminates the complex process of recognition of horizontal or vertical lines and the property called ‘concavities’. The digits with only stems are recognized, by extending stems into blobs by using connected component approach of morphology. The present method has been applied and tested with various handwritten digits from modified NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) handwritten digit database (MNIST), and the success rate has been given. The present method is also compared with various existing methods. Once the digits are recognized, they are assembled back into their respective positions within the equation. Mathematical equation solving techniques are then applied to evaluate the expression and obtain the result

Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Infrastructure Elements in Complex Structures

Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Infrastructure Elements in Complex Structures

Determination of stresses in dangerous cross-sections of frame spars of minitractor vehicles

Problem. On the basis of the method of initial parameters, it is necessary to determine the mass-dimensional parameters of the frame of the spar type, for the creation of a universal small-sized vehicle UMTZ-26 "Nadia", as well as for the development of a mini-truck of category N1, with a carrying capacity of up to 3.2 tons. Goal. To determine the value of the maximum forces (stresses) and moments acting in the structural elements of the spar frame during the arrangement of the engine with transmission, body, engine compartment and cabin of the UMTZ-26 "Nadia" light vehicle, as well as units and aggregates of the N1 category, which can be used for municipal city or farm purpose. Results. According to the given calculation using the method of initial parameters (for frame structures), the maximum load in the cross section of the selected channel is determined, which does not exceed 106.372 MPa, the latter is used as a spar in the welded frame of the vehicle. The maximum permissible load that this profile of the channel can withstand is 160 MPa. Originality. The drawing and design documentation of the spar type was developed, which was used for the development of new universal small-sized vehicles of the UMTZ-26 "Nadia" type, as well as for the creation of mini trucks of the N1 category. Practical value. The practical value lies in the fact that the values of the maximum forces and moments acting in the side members of the frame when the engine with transmission, the engine compartment and the cabin of the vehicle are arranged on it do not exceed the maximum permissible values and the latter can be used on mini motor vehicles of category N1.

Dependence of the properties of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloy on the composition and properties

Problems. This study employed a multifractal approach to assess the heterogeneous structure of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Goal. The calculation of the spectrum of dimensionalities for microstructural elements (pearlitic matrix, carbides, and graphite) was conducted using the Rényi formula. Methodology. New relationships were established between the structure and properties of the alloy (such as hardness and impact strength), which are described by models allowing prediction of properties from microstructure images. Results. Most of the derived correlations exhibit a linear nature, indicating that not only does the percentage content of a particular structural element influence its properties, but also the shape of the element, as characterized by its fractal dimension, contributes to those properties. Analytical method that can be useful for assessing and improving the characteristics of alloys. Practical value. The essence of the work has a practical value particularly when precise determination of properties is critically important for their application in various fields of science and engineering.

Prospective Evaluation of Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes following Video-Assisted Rhino-Septoplasty.

Conservative techniques have been developed in the field of rhinoplasty, focusing on limited tissue resection while emphasizing the reshaping of nasal structural elements. We aimed to prospectively evaluate aesthetic and functional outcomes following Video-Assisted Rhino-Septoplasty (VARS) using validated tools. Patients' self-reported outcomes were assessed before and 6 months after surgery. Aesthetic evaluations used FACE-Q Rhinoplasty modules (FQRM) Satisfaction with Nose and Nostrils. Functional evaluations were performed with NOSE scores. T-tests were used to determine the significance of the change in scores before and after surgery. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fifty patients were included (sex ratio = 0.16, mean age = 30 y.o., 78% primary cases). All patients had associated septoplasties, and 32 had inferior turbinate reductions. Mean FQRM Nose scores were 28.1 ± 16.3 before vs. 83.4 ± 17.2/100 after surgery. Mean FQRM Nostrils scores were 61.5 ± 28.6 before vs. 85 ± 21/100 after surgery. Mean NOSE scores were 49.5 ± 36.3 before vs. 14.8 ± 16.6/100 after surgery. All p <0.001. We found no correlation between FQRM Nose and NOSE scores after surgery (ρ = -0.1553, IC95% (-0.41;0.12), p = 0.28). Our study showed that VARS is an effective technique, yielding high patient satisfaction in both aesthetic and functional outcomes. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Microstructural characterization of bimodal composite metal foams under compression with machine learning

Cellular materials are gaining popularity in today’s major sectors. The aim is to develop high-performance materials to meet customer and application demands. This study revolves around the beginning of the failure; computed tomography and statistical image analysis assisted with machine learning were employed to quantitatively characterize the occurring processes within the structure at the beginning of the well-known plateau effect. Simple techniques (e.g., easily obtainable shape parameters, forest decision, 2D image slices) were employed to sort the structural elements into seven classes based on their visual appearances. The presented method can provide additional information about the fracture mode of the different foams, possibly applying/extending them for other types of closed-cell (composite or not) foams.

Design and Implementation of Water PH Level and Turbidity Monitoring System

Abstract: Building collapses have become a distressing and recurring issue in Nigeria, necessitating urgent action to mitigate their occurrence. This paper introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by developing an Automated Structural Health Monitoring System (ASHMS) utilizing a mobile app. Focusing on major cities like Lagos and Abuja, the proposed system employs strategically placed sensors to gather data from various structural elements of buildings. The collected information, encompassing seismic activity, vibrations, bending moments, shear forces, and other key parameters, is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud where it can then be accessed and visualized using mobile app. The system offers real-time insights into the structural integrity of buildings and provides early warnings, thereby contributing significantly to reducing the risk of building collapses. Key findings show that when incorporated into an automated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, the user's mobile app offers essential structural insights, capturing values such as a 0.5-unit vibration level, 20 units of shear force, 50 units of bending moment, and an 89-degree vertical wall angle. The app's userfriendly interface improves the effectiveness of monitoring and overseeing structural health, in line with the overarching objective of promoting safety in construction practices

Antigenic determinants driving serogroup-specific antibody response to Neisseria meningitidis C, W, and Y capsular polysaccharides: Insights for rational vaccine design

Meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines sourced from capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis strains are well-established measures to prevent meningococcal disease. However, the exact structural factors responsible for antibody recognition are not known.CPSs of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups Y and W differ by a single stereochemical center, yet they evoke specific immune responses. Herein, we developed specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting serogroups C, Y, and W and evaluated their ability to kill bacteria. We then used these mAbs to dissect structural elements responsible for carbohydrate-protein interactions. First, Men oligosaccharides were screened against the mAbs using ELISA to select putative lengths representing the minimal antigenic determinant. Next, molecular interaction features between the mAbs and serogroup-specific sugar fragments were elucidated using STD-NMR. Moreover, X-ray diffraction data with the anti-MenW CPS mAb enabled the elucidation of the sugar-antibody binding mode.Our findings revealed common traits in the epitopes of all three sialylated serogroups. The minimal binding epitopes typically comprise five to six repeating units. Moreover, the O-acetylation of the neuraminic acid moieties was fundamental for mAb binding.These insights hold promise for the rational design of optimized meningococcal oligosaccharides, opening new avenues for novel production methods, including chemical or enzymatic approaches.

Automated Structural Health Monitoring System for Mitigating Building Collapse in Nigeria: A Mobile App Approach

Abstract: Building collapses have become a distressing and recurring issue in Nigeria, necessitating urgent action to mitigate their occurrence. This paper introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by developing an Automated Structural Health Monitoring System (ASHMS) utilizing a mobile app. Focusing on major cities like Lagos and Abuja, the proposed system employs strategically placed sensors to gather data from various structural elements of buildings. The collected information, encompassing seismic activity, vibrations, bending moments, shear forces, and other key parameters, is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud where it can then be accessed and visualized using mobile app. The system offers real-time insights into the structural integrity of buildings and provides early warnings, thereby contributing significantly to reducing the risk of building collapses. Key findings show that when incorporated into an automated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, the user's mobile app offers essential structural insights, capturing values such as a 0.5-unit vibration level, 20 units of shear force, 50 units of bending moment, and an 89-degree vertical wall angle. The app's userfriendly interface improves the effectiveness of monitoring and overseeing structural health, in line with the overarching objective of promoting safety in construction practices.

Eco Friendly Plastic Sand Bricks

Abstract: Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry especially in the last decade owing to the increasing population which causes a chronic shortage of building materials, civil engineers were challenged to transform waste to useful constructing and production substances. Recycling of such waste as raw materials alternatives might also make a contribution inside the exhaustion of the herbal assets; the conservation of non renewable sources; development of the population health and protection preoccupation with environmental matters and discount in waste disposal expenses. Use of plastic has grown substantially in recent years all over the world. It is inexpensive and without problems available and can be moulded into any form. But, plastic is non-biodegradable; it causes pollutants and create problems in coping with even for a wealthy kingdom., because of this have a look at changed into to investigate the surroundings-pleasant capacity use of plastic and display usefulness of plastic sand bricks as opportunity structural elements, replacing well known clay brick physical and mechanical homes of plastic sand bricks have been studied in distinctive plastic sand ratios.

Modern Web Development using CSS &amp; HTML

This research article explains several important coding languages and software technologies used in the web development process. This research article explores the important role of CSS and HTML integration in modern web development to improve user experience. This study examines the principles, techniques, and best practices associated with these technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of their impact on web design and functionality. The main goal of this job is to create existing websites with your own design using HTML, CSS, and JS. The new HTML system clearly separates website content into modules. Styling is only possible through the Cascading Fashion Sheets (CSS) language. The new CSS standard, known as CSS3, includes structural elements in which special modules define style types. The development cycle of male or female mode does not affect support and functionality in many browsers. Now most of the work is done in the browser. Candidates can arrange a meeting to get these applications approved at the earliest. The latter includes multimedia support, dynamic rendering, public parking, etc.

Fluid Unidirectional Transport Induced by Structure and Ambient Elements across Porous Materials: From Principles to Applications.

Spontaneous or non-spontaneous unidirectional fluid transport across multi-dimension can occur under specific structural designs and ambient elements for porous materials. While existing reviews have extensively summarized unidirectional fluid transport on surfaces, there is an absence of literature summarizing fluid's unidirectional transport across porous materials. This review introduces wetting phenomena observed on natural biological surfaces or porous structures. Subsequently, it offers an overview of diverse principles and potential applications in this field, emphasizing various physical and chemical structural designs (surface energy, capillary size, topographic curvature) and ambient elements (underwater, under oil, pressure and solar energy). Applications encompass moisture-wicking fabric, sensors, skincare, fog collection, oil-water separation, electrochemistry, liquid-based gating, and solar evaporators. Additionally, we have compiled significant principles and formulas from various studies to offer readers valuable references. Simultaneously, we critically assess potential advantages and challenges in these applications and present our perspectives. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.