Structure Research Articles

Protocolo de tratamento conservador em fraturas radiculares horizontais de terço cervical – Relato de caso

Os traumas dentais possuem uma significante ocorrência na odontologia. As fraturas radiculares podem ser consideradas como politraumatismos por envolverem diferentes tipos de tecido: dentina, cemento, polpa e periodonto. Objetivo: mostrar uma opção de protocolo terapêutico conservador no tratamento de fraturas radiculares horizontais a fim de preservar a estrutura dental levando em consideração a condição socioeconômica do paciente. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 15 anos, procurou a clínica de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas onde procurou atendimento após sofrer um trauma. Ao exame clínico, observou-se que o incisivo central superior (11) apresentava fratura radicular horizontal cervical e discreto deslocamento palatino. Optou-se pela instalação de contenção semirrígida como tratamento imediato. Posteriormente uma pulpectomia do segmento coronal até a linha de fratura foi realizada com medicação intracanal composta por hidróxido de cálcio e clorexidina gel a 2%. Após 2 semanas foi realizada obturação do canal com MTA. Conclusão: O tratamento endodôntico foi realizado com sucesso, seu prognóstico depende do tipo de reparo tecidual na linha de fratura e saúde dos tecidos periodontais.

Cosmopolitan Collage in Casa Guidi Windows

Elizabeth Barrett Browning published Casa Guidi Windows in 1851 following the unsuccessful First Italian War of Independence (1848-49). Having recently moved to Florence in 1847 after her elopement with her husband and fellow poet Robert Browning, Barrett Browning became a passionate supporter of the Italian Risorgimento and Italian national independence. Pace recent criticism addressing the poem’s influence on Italian nation making, this article views Casa Guidi Windows as a form of world-making that seeks to educate an English middle class about its international responsibilities and to create new cosmopolitan subjectivities by teaching them to look at Italy in a new way. This article analyzes the poem’s highly fragmented structure as a form of cosmopolitan collage that anticipates key elements of early twentieth-century Cubism. The poem’s representation of overlapping geographical and historical perspectives functions as a form of cosmopolitan collage that resists linear national narratives and introduces a new type of cosmopolitan subjectivity focused on spatial contiguity and synchronic temporality.

Dynamic responses on traditional Chinese timber multi-story building with high platform base under earthquake excitations

The multi-story timber structure with high platform base is one of the important architectural types in the traditional Chinese buildings. To study the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses on this kind of traditional structure, the 3-D finite element models of Xi'an drum tower which included the high platform base, upper timber structure and whole structure was established considering the structural form and material performance parameters of the structure in this study. By the modal analysis, the main frequencies and mode shapes of this kind of traditional building were obtained and investigated. The three kinds of earthquake excitations included El-Centro wave, Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were separately imposed on the upper timber structure model and the overall structure model, and the seismic responses on the tops of columns were analyzed. The results of time history analysis show that the seismic response of the upper timber structure is obviously amplified by high platform base. After considering the effect of high platform base, the mean value on the lateral displacement increments of the top column in the overall structure is more than 20.478% and the increase of dynamic coefficients was all above 0.818 under the above three different earthquake excitations. Obviously, it shows that the existence of high platform base has a negative influence on the seismic responses of upper timber structure. And the high platform base will directly affect the safety of the upper timber structure. Therefore, the influence of high platform base on the dynamic response of its upper timber structure cannot be neglected.

Generic optimization, energy analysis, and seismic response study for MSCSS with rubber bearings

The Mega-Sub Controlled Structure System (MSCSS), an innovative vibration passive control system for building structures, is improved by adding lead rubber bearings (LRBs) on top of the substructure. For the new system, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the dynamic parameters and distributions of dampers and LRBs. The program uses various seismic performance indicators as optimization objectives, and corresponding results are compared. It is found that the optimization procedure for maximizing the energy dissipation ratio yields the best solutions, and optimized models have consistent seismic performances under different earthquakes. Seismic performances of optimized MSCSS models with and without LRBs, as well as the traditional Mega-Sub Structure model, are evaluated and compared under El Centro wave, Taft wave and 20 other artificial waves. In both elastic and plastic analysis, the model with LRBs shows significantly smaller story drift and horizontal acceleration than those of the other two models, and fewer plastic hinges are developed during severe earthquakes. Energy analysis also shows that LRBs installed in proper locations increase the deformation and energy dissipation of dampers, thereby significantly reduce the kinetic, potential, and hysteretic energy in the structure. However, LRBs do not have to be mounted on all the additional columns. It is also demonstrated that LRBs at unfavorable locations can decrease the energy dissipation for dampers. After LRBs are installed, the optimal damping coefficient and the optimal damping exponent of dampers are reduced to produce the best damping effect.

A study of aerodynamic pressures on elevated houses

In coastal residential communities, especially along the coastline, flooding is a frequent natural hazard that impacts the area. To reduce the adverse effects of flooding, it is recommended to elevate coastal buildings to a certain safe level. However, post storm damage assessment has revealed severe damages sustained by elevated buildings' components such as roofs, walls, and floors. By elevating a structure and creating air gap underneath the floor, the wind velocity increases and the aerodynamics change. This results in varying wind loading and pressure distribution that are different from their slab on grade counterparts. To fill the current knowledge gap, a large-scale aerodynamic wind testing was conducted at the Wall of Wind experimental facility to evaluate the wind pressure distribution over the surfaces of a low-rise gable roof single-story elevated house. The study considered three different stilt heights. This paper presents the observed changes in local and area averaged peak pressure coefficients for the building surfaces of the studied cases. The aerodynamics of the elevated structures are explained. Comparisons are done with ASCE 7-16 and AS/NZS 1170.2 wind loading standards. For the floor surface, the study suggests a wind pressure zoning and pressure coefficients for each stilt height.

Materials recognition based on electromagnetic metamaterial absorber

In this study, squire ring resonator structure (SRR), which can be used as an materials sensor based on electromagnetic metamaterials absorber in microwave S-band regime. The SRR is contain squire copper ring and hole on the top, FR4 in the middle layer and copper film at the bottom. The sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the material type was numerically examined in the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) environment. In these analyzes, the hole dielectric constant of material was changed from 4.3 to 1. Within the three different materials (FR4, oil and vacuum). It is shown that the absorption wavelength displays worthy blue-shift with the increasing dielectric constant of material. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the sensitivity of SRR is very good, which makes SRR structure be an ideal detection for material type.

New technique for deposition and thermochemical treatment of small parts with complex geometry applied to machining inserts

Cutting tools, such as machining inserts, which in addition to having a complex geometry need to handle different demands on more than one face during their application, stimulate investigation for new coating techniques. Even though many hard film deposition techniques are well accepted or even established among researchers and industries, these processes still need to meet a limitation that requires the repositioning of the sample for new treatments in order to cover all of its surfaces. This paper proposes a new methodology for coating deposition on complex geometry pieces, through a structure for three-dimensional plasma treatment, using a Rotary Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding (RCCPN). TiN films were deposited on cemented carbide inserts applied in machining processes using the RCCPN technique. The plasma parameters were kept constant and deposition time was the only variable input. The deposited films were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and Vickers microhardness. It was observed that the RCCPN technique was useful in producing a uniform TiN layer in all insert surfaces, with a thickness proportional to deposition time.

Analysis on the age of menarche and associated factors of Han, Zhuang and Yao nationality female students in Guangxi

Objective To explore age of menarche and associated factors of Han nationality, Zhuang nationality and Yao nation ality girl in Guangxi, and to provide reference for the development of adolescent health education in schools. Methods The 7-, 10- and 13-year-old girls of Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality were chosed from three counties of Guangxi, and height, weight and other physical indicators were measured for three consecutive years, and age of menarche was inquired. 448 cases of with compete data in the three consecutive years of monitoring. The influencing factors were investigated through questionnaire. Results Age of menarche of the whole sample was 11.83 (95% CI = 11.69—11.96) years old, and that of the Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality was 11.87 (95% CI =11.64-12.09), 11.44(95% CI = 11.25-11.64) and 12.42(95% CI = 12.14-12.70)years old respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Height, sitting height, weight of menarche group in 12 and 13 years old were significantly higher those of the group without menarche ( P <0.05) . Logistic regression analysis primary sitting height, the chest circumference, intake of seafood, duration of sleep in the night and school exercise time were the primary factors for age at menarche ( P <0.01). Conclusion There are ethnic differences in age of menarche among girls in Guangxi, and it is related to sleep, physical activity and dietary structure. Puberty recated health education for girls might start at the fourth grade of primary school, focusing on the education of health life patten, balanced dietary habits, regularly routine, with the goal of growth and development promotion. 【摘要】 目的 探索广西汉族、壮族、瑶族女生月经初潮年龄的影响因素, 为开展学校青春期健康教育工作提供参考依 据。 方法 运用序列研究法, 在广西 3 县分别抽取汉族、壮族、瑶族 7, 10, 13 岁女生, 连续 3 年进行身髙、体重等体格指标 的测量, 并询问月经来潮情况, 最终选取 3 年连续监测的相同有效样本 448 例。使用生长发育影响因素调査表进行调査。 结果 女生的月经初潮半数年龄为 11.83(95% CI = 11.69~11.96) 岁, 汉族、壮族、瑶族依次为11.87(95% CI = 11.64~12.09)、11.44 (95% CI =11.25~11.64) 和 12.42 岁 (95% CI = 12.14~12.70), 差异有统计学意义 ( P <0.05)。12, 13 岁组月经已 来潮女生的身髙、坐髙、体重等均髙于未来潮组, 差异均有统计学意义 ( P 值均<0.05) 。二分类 Logistic 回归分析显示, 月经 初潮年龄的影响因素主要为坐髙、胸围、海产品的摄人、夜间睡眠时长和在校运动时间 ( P 值均<0.01)。 结论 广西女生月 经初潮半数年龄有民族差异, 与运动情况和膳食结构有关。应在小学四年级开始进行女生青春期健康教育, 可侧重于健康 生活模式的教育, 培养学生均衡的膳食习惯和作息的规律, 促进学生的健康生长。

От Энциклопедии до Википедии: трансформация социальной структуры знания в эпоху постмодерна

&lt;span&gt;Со времен Дидро до эпохи модерна энциклопедия как литературный жанр и социальный феномен была олицетворением торжества науки. Появление и развитие Википедии ознаменовало серьезные трансформации в социальной структуре знания о мире и принципах его структурирования. В эпоху постмодерна изменились представления об авторе справочных изданий, энциклопедичности как качестве личности, истинности публикуемых материалов. Эти изменения вызваны нарастающим объемом информации, диверсификацией и специализацией научного знания, осознанием неизбежности классового подхода (в широком смысле этого термина) к оценке различных явлений и пониманием ограничений науки как единственно верного и полезного способа познания реальности. В статье рассматривается процесс изменения социальной роли энциклопедии в современном мире. В частности, показано, что в какой-то момент она превратилась из кладезя мудрости в товар пассивного спроса и предмета для подарка. Сделан вывод о невозможности в современных условиях заменить Википедию традиционной энциклопедией, даже если на такой проект будут выделены громадные ресурсы.&lt;/span&gt;

한국의 온실가스 배출 구조변화와 국제무역 관점에서의 파급효과

한국의 온실가스 배출 구조변화와 국제무역 관점에서의 파급효과

The structure of direct give and receive verbs construction : from the connected a phrase

본 논문에서는 수수동사구문을 원래의 동사구문과의 관계에서, 원래의 동사가 가지고 있는 의미적인 특징에서 수수동사 구문의 구조를 분석하였다. 먼저 본 논문에서는 수수동사와 결합하는 원래의 동사를 크게 wo격과 ni격의 동작대상을 취하는 타동사구문과 ni격의 상대 대상을 취하는 자동사, 그리고 사물을 목적어로 취하는 타동사로 분류한 후, o격과 ni격의 동작대상에 영향을 미치는 타동사가 수수동사와 결합하였을 때 어떠한 수수동사구문이 되는 지를 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석의 결과 o격의 동작대상과 ni격의 동작대상에 영향을 미치는 타동사는 수수동사구문이 되었을 때 동작주체가 이익주체가 되고, 동작대상이 이익대상이 되는 구조, 즉 [직접의 수수동사]구문이 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 본 논문에서는 [직접의 수수동사]구문을 연어론적인 관점에서 동작대상에게 어떠한 이익을 주는가라는 점에서 고찰한 결과, [심리적인 상태변화], [생리적인 상태변화], [공간적인 위치변화], [사회적인 위치변화]와 같은 이익성을 나타내었고 그러한 구체적인 이익성은 [ni]격, [e]격, [made]격과 같이 격을 확대시켜서 구문에 나타나게 됨을 알 수 있었다.

토네 비겔란드 장신구의 유닛구조와 표현 - 1970~90년대를 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 유닛 구조를 활용한 토네 비겔란드의 작품세계를 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 현대 예술 장신구 분야에서 작가의 의식이 공예 표현과 어떻게 상호 작용이 되는지 살펴보고 이해의 폭을 넓히는 데 있다. 연구 방법으로는 먼저 유닛의 표현 특징인 대비와 반복의 이론적 고찰과 현대 예술 장신구에서 표현된 유닛 활용 사례를 선행 연구하였다. 다음으로 비겔란드의 작품집과 다양한 문헌 연구를 통해 1970년대부터 1990년대 중반까지 비겔란드 장신구의 유닛 형태와 구조를 연구하고 그 안에 내포된 의미와 표현 양상을 분석하였다. 토네 비겔란드의 유닛은 1970년대 본격적으로 구체화되어 착용을 전재로 몸의 윤곽과 움직임에 따른 유연한 흐름을 만드는데 효과적으로 적용되었다. 그는 금속공예의 재료와 기법을 토대로 유닛 형태와 체인 메일링을 비롯한 연결 방식을 연구하며, 장신구에 강렬한 힘과 부드러움의 대비 효과를 동시에 반영하였다. 비겔란드 유닛의 조형적 특징은 정적인 것과 동적인 것, 원시미와 세련미, 크기의 대조, 단단함과 부드러움의 대비적 표현이다. 이러한 특징은 북유럽의 거대한 자연에서 받은 시각적 영향과 여성으로서 느끼는 딜레마에서 비롯되어 비겔란드 장신구의 독창성을 만들었다. 특히 압도적인 모습의 그의 장신구는 강렬한 발언에 대한 인식과 함께 유닛 구조를 통한 섬세한 공예 표현을 보여준다. 스스로 공예 표현의 가능성을 열고자 했던 비겔란드는 공예에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 작가적 사고와 착용의 목적성을 더해 독특한 정체성을 만들었다. 토네 비겔란드의 유닛을 활용한 작품세계의 분석은 현대 예술 장신구의 표현 확장에 있어서 공예 재료와 기법이 다양한 표현과 작가 사고의 전달력에 있어서 충분한 역할을 한다는 결과를 보여준다.

Structure and dynamics of fractal‐like particles made by agglomeration and sintering

AbstractThe growth of silica nanoparticles by agglomeration and viscous flow sintering is studied from free molecular to transition regime by off‐lattice event‐driven (ED) simulations. Coagulation by simultaneous agglomeration and sintering takes place at high temperature environments, where sintering and collision rates are comparable. The effect of temperature on aggregate mobility and gyration radii, particle morphology, and collisional enhancement is elucidated. The ratio between the characteristic sintering time and characteristic collision time controls the particle size and structure, quantified by the mass fractal dimension. The aggregate morphology depends solely on the ratio of characteristic times and is insensitive to the process temperature. When sintering is negligible, the overall collision frequency is 90% larger than that predicted by the classic Fuchs collision kernel for monodisperse agglomerates, in agreement with experiments. The ED‐obtained quasi‐self‐preserving size distributions are consistent with mobility size distributions measured in hot‐wall reactors and flame sprays.

Interactions of Soil and Vegetation Determine Habitat for Southeastern Pocket Gopher (Geomys pinetis)

Pocket gophers (Geomyidae) require soils amenable to burrowing and vegetation communities that provide adequate foods. We examined the interplay of soil texture and vegetation structure in determining site occupancy of the southeastern pocket gopher (Geomys pinetis), a species of conservation concern throughout its range. Using a case-control sampling design, we compared vegetation structure and soil texture between occupied and unoccupied sites in southeastern Alabama. All occupied sites had soil clay content ≤8.05% at 0–20 cm depth. In logistic regression modeling, clay content had overwhelming support as the most important single habitat variable distinguishing occupied from unoccupied sites. Based on soil results, we focused our examination of vegetation structure on the subset of our sites with <10% clay at 0–20 cm depth. Relative odds of occupancy were highest at intermediate levels of canopy cover; however, canopy cover at occupied sites ranged widely. Compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites contained less midstory cover and greater ground cover of graminoids and shrubs. Our results demonstrate that although vegetation structure is important in determining site suitability, soil texture may be an overriding constraint limiting potential habitat for this species. Conservation actions for southeastern pocket gophers such as habitat restoration and population translocations should ensure that target sites have suitable low-clay soils.

Long-term Macroinvertebrate Assemblages of the West Fork White River, Indiana Improve Following the Clean Water Act

We tested macroinvertebrate assemblages collected from 1979–2015 for temporal variation in structure and for impacts of the Clean Water Act of 1974. Collections were at ten sites on the mainstem of the West Fork White River. We used family-level taxonomy for macroinvertebrates that resulted in 77 families and 92,477 individuals. Macroinvertebrate families were further classified by trophic and tolerance traits and tested for temporal variation. We defined river reaches as upstream, urban, and downstream of Muncie, Indiana for analyses. Taxonomic richness increased over the study. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis identified high temporal variation as assemblage structure differed among decades. Spatial analyses using NMDS indicated significant differences by river location upstream, urban, and downstream. NMDS and Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) by trophic relationship and tolerance values did not result in significant temporal or spatial patterns. Our results show the macroinvertebrate assemblages of the West Fork White River improved, likely due to implementation of the Clean Water Act.

Effect of Superheat on Integral Morphology Characteristics of Solidification Structure and Permeability in Bearing Steel Billet

Effect of Superheat on Integral Morphology Characteristics of Solidification Structure and Permeability in Bearing Steel Billet

Güçlü Zayıf Yöntemi İle Proje Değerlendirme İçin Alternatif Bir Ölçek Önerisi: KOSGEB Örneği

Günümüzde gerek kamu gerekse özel sektör, öncelikli plan ve hedeflerine ulaşmak için proje çağrıları yoluyla dış paydaşlara fon sağlamaktadır. Maliyetleri hesaplanmış ve bütçelenmiş bu projelere sağlanan fonların amaçlara uygun olarak sonuçlanacağından emin olmak için kurum ve kuruluşların proje değerlendirme süreçlerini doğru bir şekilde yürütmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada KOSGEB tarafından sağlanan destek programları incelenmiş ve Güçlü Zayıf Yöntemi kullanılarak bir destek programının puanlama tablosu uzman görüşü alınarak ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, proje değerlendirme sürecindeki en önemli kriterin Yatırım Projesinin Ekonomik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi kriteri ve Yatırım Alanının Fiziksel ve Yapı Yeterliliğinin en zayıf kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen ağırlık değerleri kullanılarak yeni bir puanlama ölçeği önerilmiş ve mevcut puan tablosu ile karşılaştırılıştır.

Research status and key technologies analysis of operating robots for nuclear environment

To introduce and analyze the development history and research status of operating robots for nuclear environment at home and abroad, the common system structure and classification based on main functions for operating robots for nuclear environment are summarized. Based on the application requirements of operating robots for nuclear environment, it is concluded that the key technologies in urgent need of breakthrough for nuclear robots are radiation reinforcement, communication method, photoelectric detection, intelligent control technology, etc. Finally, with the increasing scale of China's nuclear industry and the increasing demand for safety assurance, the application scenarios of operating robots for nuclear environment are condensed, and the future development trend of operating robots for nuclear environment is predicted.

Overview of advanced manufacturing technology of large-aperture aspheric mirror

The aspheric surface can correct the system aberration and improve the image quality in the optical imaging system, in addition to that it can simplify the system structure significantly; On the other hand, the resolution of imaging system can be increased by improving the system aperture. Therefore, in the domain of basic scientific research, astronomical cosmological exploration and military defense security the large-aperture aspheric mirrors are all highly required. The manufacturing of large-aperture aspheric mirrors plays a critical role in modern optical engineering. This paper focuses on the advanced manufacturing techniques of large-aperture aspheric mirrors. The optical manufacturing technologies, especially the grinding and polishing techniques of large-aperture aspheric mirrors in the past half century and the surface shape testing methods during the grinding and polishing process, are reviewed. In particular, it summarizes the technical characteristics of advanced (new generation) optical manufacturing, and looks forward to the future manufacturing strategy of large-diameter aspheric mirrors.

The Influence of Profitability on Firm Value with Capital Structure as The Mediator

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the direct and indirect effect of profitability on firm value using capital structure as a mediator. This involves using panel data from 44 companies listed on LQ45 as of 31st December 2015-2018 and analyzed using the path analysis method including Sobel Test and Bootstrapping technique. The results showed a positive and significant direct effect of profitability on firm value while the indirect effect using capital structure as a mediator between the two variables was found to be negative and significant. Moreover, the direct influence of capital structure on firm value was discovered to be negative and significant while the introduction of profitability variables in the relationship led to a positive and significant influence. Similarly, the direct effect of profitability on firm value using capital structure as the controlling variable was also found to be positive and significant.Keywords: firm value, capital structure, profitabilityPengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Struktur Modal Sebagai MediatorAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui struktur modal sebagai mediator. Menggunakan data panel dari 44 perusahaan yang tercatat di LQ45 per tanggal 31 Desember selama periode 2015 sampai 2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis jalur (Path Analysis), dengan Teknik Sobel Test dan Bootsrapping. Hasil riset membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung yang positif dan signifikan antara profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. Namun, jika dilihat secara tidak langsung pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui struktur modal sebagai mediator adalah negatif dan signifikan. Selanjutnya, pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap struktur modal adalah negatif dan signifikan. Sementara ketika dikontrol oleh variabel profitabilitas, pengaruh struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan positif dan signifikan. Begitu pula dengan pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan mengontrol variabel struktur modal juga positif dan signifikan.Kata kunci: nilai perusahaan, struktur modal, profitabilitas