Structural Parameters Research Articles

Preparation and properties of lightweight aluminum silicate-based fibrous ceramic membranes with different binder contents for high-temperature dust removal

Fibrous ceramic membranes are widely regarded as ideal hot-gas filtration media due to their unique three-dimensional network structure. In this work, deionized water and sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) were respectively introduced into the preparation of fibrous ceramic membranes, with aluminum silicate fibers used as the matrix skeleton and silica sol used as the high-temperature binder. Their effects on the binder content, morphology, structural parameters, and mechanical properties were investigated and compared, and then the application performance of the preferred sample was evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of both significantly reduced the binder content, resulting in decreased bulk density and increased apparent porosity. Notably, compared to the addition of water, the addition of NaLS effectively preserved the binder content at the junctions between fibers so that the flexural strength and stiffness were barely affected, which benefits from the decrease in the viscosity of the binder liquid under the action of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. Moreover, the preferred prepared fibrous ceramic membrane exhibited high-performance characteristics, such as superior thermal shock resistance, low pressure drop, and high filtration efficiency and pulse-jet cleaning efficiency, thereby offering considerable prospects for practical applications.

Research on high-quality factor sensing characteristics of all-dielectric nanopore array metasurface based on POA-DELM

Abstract Based on the optical properties of symmetric structures independent of each other in the orthogonal direction, an all-dielectric nano-square hole array metasurface which is symmetric along the diagonal is proposed. By changing the size of square nanopores, the symmetry of the periodic unit structure is broken and the double Fano resonance can be excited. The influence of each structural parameter on the sensing performance of the metasurface is analyzed respectively. As the main structural parameters and performance index, the metasurface height and the lengths of the main and sub-diagonal square nanoholes are selected as the input parameters, and the figure of merit (FOM) value is used as the output value. Then the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input and the output is established through deep extreme learning machine (DELM). Different optimization algorithms are used to optimize the weighted FOM values globally. The four evaluation indicators including root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and model fit (R-squared, R2) are used to assess the training effectiveness of the model. It is shown that the indexes are 0.9986, 0.9725, 3.1612 and 0.9733 respectively, and the FOM values of the dual Fano resonance after pelican optimization algorithm ( POA ) optimization are as high as 9.88 × 103 and 1.28 × 105, which demonstrate the effectiveness of POA-DELM proposed in this paper.

Energy dependence of heavy-ion initial condition in isobar collisions

Collisions of isobar nuclei, those with the same mass number but different structure parameters, provide a new way to probe the initial condition of the heavy ion collisions. Using transport model simulation of 96Ru+96Ru and 96Zr+96Zr collisions at two energies sNN=0.2 TeV and 5.02 TeV, where 96Ru and 96Zr nuclei have significantly different deformations and radial profiles, we identify sources of eccentricities contributing independently to the final state harmonic flow vn. The efficacy for flow generation differs among these sources, and explains the modest energy dependence of the isobar ratios of vn. Additionally, a significant component of vn is found to be uncorrelated with the eccentricity, but is instead generated dynamically during system evoluation. Experimental measurement of these ratios at the LHC energy and comparison with RHIC energy can provide insight into the collision-energy dependence of the initial condition.

Study on the separation efficiency of sheath flow respirable dust virtual impact separator under the influence of multiple parameters

To improve the separation efficiency of respirable dust separator in coal mine, a sheath flow virtual impact separator was designed. Through numerical simulation, the separation law of respirable dust in separator under the effect of various structural parameters, such as the spacing between nozzle and large-particle collection chamber (S), the width of the large-particle collection chamber (D), and sheath flow angle (θ), was obtained. The maximum difference between the results of experiment and simulation is only 4.72 %. The results show that the separation efficiency of separator at each particle size point increases continuously with the increase of S. When D increases, the deviation degree of the separation efficiency curve from the BMRC curve decreases and then increases. When θ increases, the overall change of separation efficiency curve is small. The parameter optimization scheme was obtained using response surface methodology. The research results provide reference for improving the structure of respirable dust separator in coal mine, and further promote the development of accurate monitoring technology for respirable dust.

Influence of laminated porous cathode structure on the performance and mass transfer of Li[sbnd]O2 batteries

The porous cathode is a crucial component of LiO2 batteries, and its porous structure significantly impacts the battery's performance. In this study, a stacked porous cathode was fabricated via roller pressing. The influence of the cathode structure on the battery performance and mass transfer characteristics were examined using experimental and simulation methods. The structural characteristics, electrochemical properties, and overall battery performance of the stacked porous cathode were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of the cathode structure on mass transfer within the cathode and battery performance were explored through numerical simulation. The results indicate that when the mass ratio of CNTs to ACET on the diaphragm side is 5:1, the cathode exhibits optimal structural parameters, with an average pore size of 24 nm and a maximum pore volume of 0.85564 cm3/g. Concurrently, the battery demonstrates an exceptionally high area specific capacity of 30.35 mAh/cm2. Integrating the simulation findings, it was observed that adjusting the structural parameters of the cathode enhances material transfer efficiency, thereby improving battery performance.

Tetravalent metals modulated Zn-based layered double hydroxides and their mixed metal oxides for catalytic depolymerization of carbonyl-coordinating plastic waste

Plastic waste generation has become a global issue and presents a significant challenge concerning degradability in the environment. This poses a serious threat and adverse impact on the health of living creature and the environment ecosystem. The up-/re-cycling of plastic waste through catalytic depolymerization is becoming a sustainable way to reduce economic concerns about production and serious environmental impacts. Here, in the present study an effort has been made for the development of catalysts for efficient recycling of carbonyl group containing polymer waste [Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC)]. The sequential preparation of ZnMIV- and ZnAlMIV- LDHs (layered double hydroxides) (MIV= Zr and Ti) and their respective mixed metal oxide (MMOs) based catalytic materials, has been carried out by one-pot co-precipitation and calcination methods. The structural parameters were examined through the various characterisation techniques including XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and EDS. The layered structure, high crystalline nature and hexagonal 2D-sheet/flakes like morphology with average particle size ranging from ~14 to 51nm [for LDHs] and ~6 to 21nm [for MMOs] were observed. Depolymerization of PET and PC using LDHs/MMOs catalyst in ethylene glycols (EG) produced bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) and bisphenol A (BPA) monomers as main products, respectively. The catalyst quantity, concentration of solvent, recyclability of catalysts, reaction duration, and crystallization time have also been further investigated for better yield during catalytic glycolysis. The isolated monomers were further characterized by using melting point, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR analysis. The order of catalytic activities of prepared samples as ZnTi-LDH˃ ZnAlTi-LDH ˃ ZnTi-MMO˃ ZnAlZr-LDH˃ ZnAlTi-MMO˃ ZnZr-LDH in PET depolymerization while in case of PC, the order as ZnTi-LDH˃ ZnAlTi-LDH ˃ ZnZr-LDH˃ ZnAlZr-LDH˃ ZnZr-MMO˃ ZnAlZr-MMO˃ ZnTi-MMO˃ ZnAlTi-MMO were observed. LDH samples showed higher catalytic conversion than their respective MMOs during PET and PC depolymerization into monomers BHET and BPA with % yield of ~76-83% and ~81-89%, respectively. ZnTi-LDH shows high catalytic efficacy in depolymerization of PET and PC with yield of (~82%) BHET monomer and (89%) BPA. This catalyst displayed good recyclability more than eight cycles during this catalytic glycolysis study.

Design and performance analysis of multi-section expansion chamber muffler based on Actran

Abstract. In order to compare and analyze the influence of different structural parameters on the muffler performance of multi-section expansion chamber muffler, this paper explores the main factors affecting the noise suppression performance through the transmission loss formula, and it establishes the model of two cylindrical expansion chamber silencer. The muffler expansion chamber is analyzed by changing the section number of the muffler expansion chamber, the cross-section diameter of the front and rear expansion chamber, the length of the front and rear expansion chamber, the length of connecting tube, the arrangement order of expansion chamber with different cross-section area and the arrangement order of expansion chamber with different length. The simulation results show that the muffler volume can be effectively increased by increasing the number of expansion chamber and the cross-section diameter of expansion chamber. The length of the expansion chamber does not show the peak value of the transmission loss curve, which only affects the span of the transfer loss curve; the order of the expansion chamber with different diameters and the arrangement order of the expansion chamber with different lengths have little influence on the transmission loss peak value of the muffler; the change of the length of the connecting tube affects the span of the transmission loss curve, but the peak value of the transfer loss curve is not affected. This study can be used as a reference for the design of a multi-section expansion chamber silencer.

Experimental and simulation study on hygroscopic hydrogel-based thermal management of electronic device

With the increasing power of electronic devices, thermal management has become crucial for their operational efficiency and lifespan. In this work, we have demonstrated a sorption-based thermal management strategy enabled by hygroscopic hydrogel. The polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel impregnated with LiCl (PAM-LiCl) was attached to a silicon wafer. And Pt metal circuits were coated to the silicon wafer to measure the temperature variations under different heat flux densities. The results show that the hydrogel can effectively reduce the surface temperature. At a heating power of 0.3 W/cm2, the temperature control duration reached 30 min, with an average effective heat transfer coefficient of 65.5 W/(m2·K) and an effective heat storage density of 171 J/cm2. Additionally, we developed and validated a multiphysics model considering desorption and vapor diffusion within the hydrogel. Numerical results indicate that during the desorption cooling process, the surface heat transfer resistance and the internal diffusion resistance play a dominant role. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of material properties, structure parameters, and operating conditions on the thermal management performance. This study helps to understand the key points of sorption-based thermal management technology and guide the design and optimization of sorption-based thermal management system.

Reliability-based multi-objective optimization design of composite patch repair structure using artificial neural networks

Due to the parameter differences and the existence of random factors, the performance of composite repair structure shows a large dispersion. In order to obtain stronger, lighter and more reliable repair structure, multi-objective optimization design of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) laminate repair structure is investigated by combining the reliability theory, artificial neural networks and the genetic algorithm. First, a 3D simulation model of the composite laminate patch repair structures is established using the 3D Hashin criterion and the cohesive region model. Then, the Latin Hypercube sampling (LHS) method is used to realize the random sampling, and the strength proxy model of the repair structure is established by using Back-propagation artificial neural network, further a multi-objective optimization model with tensile strength, reliability and weight as objective functions is built considering the design parameters and the random parameters. Finally, NSGAⅡalgorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, and a set of solutions on the Pareto front surface are obtained, also the optimal design parameters of the composite repair structure meets the requirements is obtained.

Sex differences of visceral fat with cardiac structure and function in type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to analyze the associations among fat distribution, left ventricular (LV) structure, and function in T2DM patients and further assess the sex differences among them.MethodsTwo thousand and one hundred seven T2DM patients were enrolled to this study. Patients' height, weight, BMI, visceral fat area (VFA), baPWV, parameters of cardiac structure and function, and clinical biochemical indicators were measured and collected.ResultsThere were significant differences between male and female T2DM patients in age, duration of diabetes, complication ratio of hypertension and dyslipidemia, smoking history, visceral fat, baPWV, and ventricular structure and function (p < 0.05). Compared with the Q1 group, female patients in the highest quartile (Q4) of VFA had a decreased LVEF and significantly increased baPWV (p < 0.05), whereas no such changes were found in males. The correlation analysis showed that LVEF in male patients was negatively correlated with hypertension history, using of CCBs, GLP‐1RA, lipid‐lowering medications, BMI, WC, WHR, FPG, FC‐P, HbA1c, GA, HOMA‐IR, Cr, and baPWV, while the LVEF in female patients was negatively correlated with VFA, VSR, VFA/BMI, VFA/H2, VFA/weight in females (p < 0.05). LVMI was positively associated with diabetes duration, age, hypertension history, WC, WHR, VFA, SFA, VFA/BMI, VFA/H2, VFA/weight, and baPWV in both males and females. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression analysis showed that VFA was independently associated with LVEF (β = − 0.096, p = 0.010), LVMI (β = 0.083, p = 0.038), and baPWV (β = 0.120, p = 0.003) in females.ConclusionsValues of VFA were independently associated with LVEF, LVMI, and baPWV in women, but not in men, in patients with T2DM.image

Quantification of contaminant mass discharge and uncertainties: Method and challenges in application at contaminated sites

Contaminant mass discharge (CMD) estimation involves combining multilevel concentration and flow measurements to quantify the contaminant mass passing through a control plane downgradient of a point source. However, geological heterogeneities and limited data introduce uncertainties that complicate CMD estimation and risk assessment. Although CMD is increasingly used in groundwater management, methods for quantifying and handling these uncertainties are still needed. This study develops and tests a CMD estimation method based on Bayesian geostatistics to quantify CMD uncertainties using data from a control plane perpendicular to the contaminant plume.By combining geostatistical conditional simulations of the spatial concentration distribution with the flow, an ensemble of CMD realizations is generated, from which a cumulative distribution function is derived. A key element of this approach is the use of a macrodispersive transport model to simulate the spatial concentration trend. This ensures that the estimated concentration reflects the expected physical behavior of the contaminant plume while also allowing the integration of site-specific conceptual information.The method is applicable to plumes with dissolved contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pesticides. Site-specific conceptual understanding is used to inform the prior probability density functions of the structural model parameters and to define acceptable simulated concentration limits. We applied the method at three sites contaminated with chlorinated ethenes, demonstrating its robustness across varying information levels and data availability.Our results shows that strong site-specific conceptual knowledge and high sampling density constrain the CMD uncertainty (CV = 21 %) and results in estimated model parameters and a spatial concentration distribution that agrees well with the conceptual model. For a site with less data and limited conceptual knowledge, CMD and concentration distribution estimates are still feasible, though with higher uncertainty (CV = 41 %). Extending the method to account for multiple source zones and complex plume migration improved parameter identification and reduced the 95 % CMD confidence interval by 11 % ([4950–8750] to [5090–8480] g yr−1), while also providing a spatial concentration distribution in better agreement with the plume conceptualization.This study highlights the importance of integrating site-specific conceptual knowledge in CMD estimation, particularly for less-sampled sites. The method can furthermore assist in identifying remediation targets, evaluating remedial effectiveness, and optimizing sampling strategies.

Strain effect on the physical properties of novel Mg3NI3 perovskite material: First principle DFT analysis

Inorganic perovskite-based substances have become a major attraction to solar technology. Inorganic cubic perovskites have generated a heap of fascination owing to their distinctive optical, electrical, and structural features. The photovoltaic and optoelectronic industries prioritize lead-free, atomically tailored metal halide perovskites due to the need to address lead (Pb) toxicity and instability. This study assessed the optical, structural, and electrical parameters of Pb-free inorganic halide perovskites as a function of biaxial compressive and tensile strain, leveraging first-principles density-functional theory (FP-DFT). Refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, dielectric function, and tolerance factor are a few additional optical parameters that are computed and processed. The bandgap of the planar molecule is 0.412 eV (PBE) when SOC is not applied. The bandgap reduces to 0.363 eV (PBE) at its Γ(gamma) and R-point when the subjective SOC effect is taken into consideration. This compound's bandgap will narrow under tensile strain and expand under compressive strain, depending on whether the SOC effect is applied or not. Several elastic factors are anticipated, including the bulk modulus, Pugh's ratio, elastic constants, anisotropic factors, and Poisson's ratio. Electronic property calculations using band mechanism and density of states (DOS) suggest that have a bandgap that is indirect and semiconductive. The elastic properties of this material were found to be mechanically stable, anisotropic, and ductile. In the photon energy range suitable for solar cells, the spikes in the dielectric constant of are seen. Our findings point to the prospect of as a non-toxic, high-performance, low-cost material for implementation in solar cells and different semiconductor devices.

Triazophos-induced spermotoxicity in rats: Protective effects of nano-quercetin

This study aimed to evaluate the spermotoxic potential of triazophos in rats and to check the possible shielding effect of quercetin and nano-quercetin against triazophos-induced toxicity. Rats in Group I were given olive oil as a vehicle. Group II and Group III received high-dose and low-dose triazophos, respectively. Oral administration of quercetin (Group IV) and nano-quercetin (Group VI) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight was given to two additional groups of animals. Two other high-dose triazophos groups were co-administered with quercetin (Group V) and nano-quercetin (Group VII).Triazophos administration for 60 days in rats altered the structural and functional parameters of spermatozoa and brought about a decline in total sperm count, percentage of viable sperms, drop in sperm motility, and decrease in the number of sperms showing normal morphology. It also decreased the number of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes and HOST-positive spermatozoa. Further, triazophos increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and triggered apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner. It decreased daily sperm production and caused histomorphological aberrations in the epididymis and vas deferens. Co-administration of nano-quercetin with triazophos effectively counteracted sperm-related pathological changes. Nano-quercetin offered better protection over quercetin in ameliorating the triazophos-induced spermotoxicity in rats.

Correlation between structural modifications and physical parameters of Sb doped InSe alloys for optoelectronic applications

Bulk samples of In0.1Se0.9-xSbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.24) were synthesized using the conventional melt-quenching technique. The impact of Sb doping on the structural and physical properties of InSe alloys was systematically explored. The substitution of Sb at the expense of Se introduces defects and dislocations in the lattice, which significantly influence the properties of the InSeSb system. With increasing Sb content, physical parameters such as the average coordination number, cross-linking density, mean bond energy, and cohesive energy were observed to increase. Theoretically calculated band gap values lie between 1.7 and 1.3 eV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the alloys, revealing the coexistence of rhombohedral α-In2Se3 and orthorhombic Sb2Se3 phases. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition, showing the presence of In, Se, and Sb in the bulk samples. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy further validated the presence of distinct structural units and molecular bonds as a function of Sb content, confirming the coexistence of α-In2Se3 and Sb2Se3 phases alongside In–Se, Se–Se, and Sb–Se bonds. A strong correlation was established between the experimental findings and theoretically calculated parameters, including the average coordination number, mean bond energy, glass transition temperature, cohesive energy, and optical band gap. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the compositional dependence of structural and physical properties in InSeSb chalcogenide alloys, enhancing our understanding of their potential applications.

Design and experiment of a deviation information detection mechanism for sugar beet harvesters based on agricultural machinery and agronomy integration

To address large geometric shape differences, poor ridge distribution straightness and the uncertain spatial distribution of beet roots during the harvesting period, as well as damage caused by the inaccurate row correction detection mechanisms of combine harvesters, this study conducts a design analysis and performance tests of deviation information detection mechanisms based on the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The agronomic process of mechanized sugar beet production was analyzed, the geometric dimensions of root tubers under typical planting patterns of typical varieties in main sugar beet production areas were measured, and a three-dimensional geometric model of beet root tubers was established. A device for measuring ridge shape and root tuber distribution was designed, and agronomic parameters during the harvesting period, such as plant spacing, ridge height, unearthed height, and deviation distance of beet root tubers, were measured and analyzed. A spatial model of ridge shape and beet root tuber growth distribution on the ridge during harvesting was established. The overall structure of the deviation information detection mechanism was analyzed and designed, and the structural forms and key parameters of key mechanisms, such as left‒right swing detection and up‒down floating profiling, were designed on the basis of agronomic parameter analysis. Using the missed detection rate as the evaluation index, field performance tests of the deviation information detection mechanism were conducted. The results revealed that when the average forward speed of the harvester was 0.84 m/s, the average missed detection rate of the deviation information detection mechanism was 0.56%. This method has high adaptability and detection accuracy and achieves a high level of integration for agricultural machinery (detection spatial region of the detection mechanism) and agronomy (beet root distribution spatial region). This study provides a technical basis and methodological reference for improving the quality and efficiency of automatic row correction combined with harvesting operations for crops such as sugar beets.

15-GW repetitive pulsed power generator based on Midel 7131 and double-width pulse forming line

The Tesla-type pulsed power generator based on transformer oil is limited by volume and weight, which affects its suitability for mobile platforms. In this paper, a double-width pulse forming line (PFL) based on high-energy-density liquid medium Midel 7131 was designed, and a compact, high-repetitive pulsed power generator was developed. The structural and electrical parameters of the PFL with an outer diameter of 1000 mm were optimized to achieve the highest output power with a fixed load impedance of 60 Ω. This generator employed a double-width forming line, which has an output pulse width of four times of the electrical length of its external line, significantly increasing the output pulse width and making the system more compact. The generator could be finally enveloped with a size of 4 × 1.5 × 1.5 m3 and a weight of 4.7 tons. The experiment showed that the generator could operate reliably under the conditions of 15-GW peak power, 50-ns pulse width, 50-Hz repetition rate, and <1% voltage jitter. The X-band relatively backward wave oscillator driven by this generator yielded a favorable microwave, which demonstrated the high-power driving capability of the generator.

Design and optimization for a longitudinal-flow corn ear threshing device of low loss and low energy consumption

The traditional corn grain harvester threshing device has the problems of high grain breakage rate, high unthreshed grain rate and high energy consumption when harvesting high water content corn ears. A longitudinal-flow corn ear threshing device and its measurement and control system were proposed to overcome these problems. The working performance and energy consumption of the threshing device were optimized by conducting three factors and five levels corn ear threshing experiments. The experiments took the threshing cylinder speed (X1), threshing gap (X2), and guide vane angle (X3) as the experimental factors, and the grain breakage rate (Y1), unthreshed grain rate (Y2), unit energy consumption (Y3), and threshing concave pressure (Y4) as the experimental indicators. According to the experimental results, the quadratic polynomial regression models between experimental indicators and experimental factors were established. Through models optimization, the optimal working parameters for the threshing device were obtained as X1 at 392.40 r/min, X2 at 40.70 mm, and X3 at 33.16°. Through conducting verification experiment, it was found that under the optimal parameters, the experimental indicators were Y1 at 2.32 ± 0.06 %, Y2 at 0.48 ± 0.04 %, Y3 at 2.14 ± 0.10 kJ/kg, and Y4 at 46.28 ± 3.23N. The errors between the experimental results and the quadratic polynomial regression models were less than 5 %, which indicated that the models had high prediction accuracy. Compared with the unoptimized experimental indicators, the optimized experimental indicators Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 decreased by 36.26 %, 39.24 %, 14.74 % and 16.27 %, respectively. The working performance of the threshing device was significantly improved, and the energy consumption was significantly reduced. The relevant research could provide reference for the optimization of the mechanical structure and working parameters of the corn ear threshing device.

Structural parameters optimization of microwave radiation antenna in hydrate reservoir based on multiphysical coupling model

Structural parameters optimization of microwave radiation antenna in hydrate reservoir based on multiphysical coupling model

Effect of Induced Wheel and Impeller Inlet Diameter on the Hydrodynamic Performance of High-speed Centrifugal Pumps

The high-speed centrifugal pump plays a crucial role in fields such as aerospace and petrochemical industries, owing to its characteristics of elevated rotational speed and high head. During high-speed operation, the centrifugal pump is prone to cavitation, which alters the fluid flow state within the pump, leading to vibrations, noise, and a sudden decrease in pump head and efficiency. Simultaneously, the collapse of cavitation bubbles generates impact pressure that can damage the pump's internal flow components, significantly reducing its operational lifespan and causing severe consequences. Moreover, under constant-flow conditions, the absolute and relative velocities of the fluid at the impeller inlet are functions of the suction pipe diameter. Therefore, there exists an optimal value for the impeller inlet diameter to enhance the centrifugal pump's resistance to cavitation. Similarly, the different geometric and structural parameters of the inducer also influence the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump. The focus of this study is on the external characteristics and internal flow patterns of an optimized high-speed centrifugal pump. In this paper, the entire flow field of the model pump is numerically simulated using ANSYS CFX software. The performance and overall flow field state of the high-speed centrifugal pump under different impeller configurations and inlet diameters are explored. The influence of blade wrap angle and inlet diameter on the high-speed centrifugal pump is revealed, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent optimal design.

Multi-physical field coupling effect in micro pin-fin channel cooling with coaxial-like through-silicon via (TSV) for three-dimensional integrated chip (3D-IC)

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology offers significant advantages for three-dimensional integrated chip (3D-IC) by enabling higher integration densities and faster signal transmission rates. The increased power density of 3D-IC poses substantial thermal management challenges. Microchannel cooling is widely used for chip-level thermal management. However, the balance of heat dissipation and signal integrity between layers of 3D-IC with TSV remains elusive. This work presents a study on the electrical-thermal-force-flow-solid multi-physics field coupling effect of micro pin–fin channel cooling systems embedded with coaxial-like TSVs in 3D-IC, aiming to optimize signal integrity and thermal performance. We analyze the structural parameters of coaxial-like TSVs, such as TSV aspect ratio and pitch ratio, focusing on their impact on signal shielding efficiency and thermal conductivity. The results show that a coaxial-like TSV structure with an aspect ratio of 15 and a pitch ratio of 2.5 reduces the maximum temperature and insertion loss by 3.97% and 3.60%, respectively. This structure is then embedded in a micro pin–fin channel to explore the effect of pin–fin arrangement on heat dissipation at different Reynolds numbers. Using multi-objective optimization through response surface methodology (RSM) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), we obtain a series of optimal solutions for TSV-embedded micro pin–fin. When the weights of heat transfer and pressure drop are balanced, the average Nusselt number increases by 6.8% with a 2% rise in pressure drop. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of high-performance 3D-IC cooling systems.