Structure Of Value Orientations Research Articles

Value Orientations and Practices of Social Activity of Nonresident Students in Kazan and St. Petersburg

The structure of value orientations and the specifics of the implementation social activity practices of nonresident students studying in the leading universities of the two largest cities in Russia - Kazan Federal University (Kazan) and the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) are analyzed. Based on the results of mass representative surveys, a comparative analysis of the studied parameters was made, a correlation was revealed between different types of values in the system of value orientations of students of two universities. A factor analysis has been carried out and factors characterizing the structure of social activity of nonresident students in the cities under consideration have been identified. Factor analysis by preferred areas of activity made it possible to identify three specific groups of respondents among Kazan Federal University students and four groups at the Higher School of Economics-St. Petersburg.

Assessment of the physical, social and value component of health in the structure of healthy lifestyle among the student youth of medical university

Introduction. Young people act as a basic component of the security of society. Physical development data is an indicator of the level of health of the population. Studying at the university coincides with the reproductive period. Adverse effects on the body of young people during this period can negatively affect the health of the next generation. Physical culture and sports activities allow students to integrate effectively into the educational space of the university.The objective of our study was to assess the morphological and medical and social characteristics of the physical development of the student youth in Saratov.Methods and materials. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 at the base of the department of physical therapy, sports medicine and physiotherapy in Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. Respondents were the students of the Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky as the most promising group of young people in the preservation of reproductive health. Anthropometric parameters were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of V. V. Bunak. The study included anthropometric parameters: body weight, body length, and mass-growth correlation. We analyzed the values of the method «Diagnosing the real structure of value orientations». Analysis of self assessment of the level of health and assessment of their healthy lifestyle by the author’s questionnaire of a closed type.Results. Data of anthropometric parameters of physical development and body mass index of boys 2018–2019 tends to be overweight. S.S. Bubnova’s most preferred values for medical students are «help and mercy for people», «recognition and respect for others» and «pleasant pastime» that does not correlate with health care. Analysis of value priorities in the healthy lifestyle of medical students showed that the majority of respondents to health is not quite high role.Conclusion. Motivated preservation of individual health and active position of the university in the case of healthy lifestyle during the student studies can have a beneficial effect in the formation of health behavior of young people. It is necessary to establish the possibility of regular, accessible and balanced nutrition of students during the study at the university.

Компоненти, критерії та рівні особистісно-професійної зрілості майбутнього вчителя

Personal and professional maturity is considered as an integral multidimensional characteristic of the personality of the future teacher, providing self-organization of the life and professional path, achieving inner harmony and establishing constructive relationships with other people. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, four structural components and corresponding criteria of personal and professional maturity of future teachers are identified: the value-motivational criterion is characterized by the structure of value orientations, in which intraindividual and interindividual orientation vectors are harmoniously combined; the personal-dispositional criterion reflects the development of professionally important personality qualities; the cognitive criterion is characterized by the formation of dialectical professional thinking; the functional criterion is manifested in such indicators of personal maturity as independence, self-determination, self-organization, responsibility, activity, personal and professional self-improvement. A comprehensive account of these criteria and indicators made it possible to determine three levels of personal and professional maturity of the future teacher: pre-subject, transitional and subject. The pre-subjective level correlates with the status of diffuse or predetermined identity, when students do not have a stable system of professional values and beliefs or passively accept the professional norms and values offered to them without their critical reflection and self-determination regarding them. The transitional level corresponds to the status of the moratorium, when students have not yet developed their own professional position, but strive to form it, actively seek their pedagogical credo, try to self-define themselves regarding professional values, concepts and approaches. The subjective level of personal and professional maturity correlates with the status of the achieved identity, when students form a relatively stable professional position after a period of active searches, doubts and critical assessments. Such students have self-determined themselves in the space of professional values, have formed clear ideas about themselves as a subject of pedagogical activity, have defined a system of their own priorities.

ТРАНЗИТИВНО-ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Aim. Using the interaction of teachers and students as an example, the study shows how the interaction of people has changed in the context of the socio-cultural situation of contemporary Russian society and its influence on some psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of people. Methodology. The first theoretical part of the article contains an analysis of the current socio-cultural situation in Russian society. The second part illustrates the changes currently taking place in the educational space of the school. The study used methods that reflect the characteristics of teachers’ communicative competence and the trust factor. A brief description of the results of studying the features of communicative competence based on trust in professional activity (or lack thereof) among modern teachers is given. Results. The results made it possible to identify six models of teachers’ communicative competence, illustrating the named changes in the relationship between teachers and students. The study showed that empathy and cooperation were gone from the relationship of teachers with students, and adaptation, that is, adaptation to difficult conditions, became the leading strategy of behavior. Teachers were conditionally divided into two groups, one of which is prone to the manifestation of communicative tolerance, and the other, on the contrary, to a complete lack of tolerance in interaction with students. The article compares data obtained through the same study conducted in 2005. The comparison shows changes in the interaction of teachers and students that have occurred over the past 15 years. In 2005, the main trend in the interaction of teachers with students was trust, empathy and cooperation. Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of the main characteristics of a transitive-turbulent situation: uncertainty of the future, complexity and diversity, multitasking, multiplicity of worlds and crisis and multiplicity of identities. It is shown that the rapidly occurring changes have generated significant social transformations in society. First of all, this concerns the emergence of a new cultural ethics and the formation of a different structure of value orientations among people and, especially, young people. The article also identifies other new psychological and socio-psychological phenomena generated by the modern socio-cultural situation. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it clearly shows the change in cultural ethics in the process of interaction of subjects of educational activity in the educational space.

FORMATION OF THE AXIOLOGICAL SPACE OF PERSONALITY IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of the axiological space of the individual in the process of learning the Ukrainian language. Scientific works on the coverage of the outlined problem in them are analyzed. It has been proven that recently a lot of attention has been focused on the study of values in the historical context. The preconditions for the formation of value orientations, which are laid down in preschool age, are determined, but the formation itself takes place in adolescence, when interest in morals, ethics, worldview grows, and the students’ interests switch from specific to general. It is emphasized that the structure of value orientations contains three components: cognitive (awareness of the essence of the phenomenon, its qualities and properties), emotional (experience of the value of the phenomenon), motivational and behavioral (willingness to act in accordance with perceived value in the situation of choice). It was found that the decisive role in the formation of students’ values in Ukrainian language lessons belongs to the didactic and methodological resource, ie the selection of texts and sentences of appropriate content and methodologically appropriate system of tasks for them, as well as topics for creative work and discussion. Emphasis is placed on the structural and functional technology of formation of moral and value orientations in the lessons of the Ukrainian language, which contains stages: information-cognitive, activity-practical, generalizing-discussion. Examples of multilevel exercises and tasks that will contribute to the formation of the axiological space of the student's personality are given.

Value orientations and their importance in enhancing the adaptive opportunities of students – theoretical aspect

The question of the essence and structure of value orientations as well as their influence on the adaptivepossibilities of students is considered. It is determined that thanks to the value system there is a whole systemof relations between the person, society and the social group that this person belongs to. Values and valueorientations play an important role in the formation and development of the personality structure; theyinfluence the general approach to one’s own world, offer the content and focus of one’s social position.Students, as a social group, have both common vital value orientations and special value orientations formed intraining, namely, professionally significant value orientations that characterize the human ability to put a valueon the activity that they are engaged in. In modern conditions, the value system should contribute to theadaptive qualities of a person in which the personality is capable of being flexible, that is, to rebuild and adaptto the environment, and at the same time maintain their own self. In addition, the value system constitutes thebasis for a system of attitudes towards work, professional self-determination, and an individual’s ability to takeinto account the professional context that they are in and are quickly adapted to.Since valuable relationships are at the heart of the value orientation, the process of adaptation topermanent changes in the labor market should begin with the development of students’ value orientationsbased on such an instrumental value as the value of permanent self-development, which manifests itself inrelevant activities including their ability to learn and retrain throughout life. The analysis made it possible toargue that the formed vocational value orientations of students are one of the most important elements ofsuccessful future adaptation to professional activities, since they stimulate their personal professionaldevelopment, activating the internal mechanisms of the personality (needs, interests, motives, patterns,attitudes); play a strategic role in behavior and activity, determine the areas of professional activities; adjuststudents’ activities with the help of assessments, orientations and patterns, ensuring the relationship ofpersonal and subject parties of an activity on the basis of personal orientation.

Динамика ценностных ориентаций юношей и девушек в процессе обучения в вузе

The relevance of the research is in the need to study the features of personal value orientations in the process of studying at the university as modern students will become the main productive force and their values will largely determine society’s axiologi-cal priorities in the nearest future. The purpose of the study is to reveal the age-specific significance and availability of terminal values depending on the gender of students in adolescence and early adult-hood. The reliable differences in the significance of terminal values are revealed in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. According to the respondents, friendship is more important value during youth, and health, financially secure life, self-confidence become more important in early adult-hood. It is established that during maturity the structure of value orientations becomes more har-monious. The content of internal vacuums, localiza-tion and degree of expression of internal conflicts at different stages of age development are determined. The revealed differences between young men and women in the significance and availability of termi-nal values specific to adolescence and early adult-hood can be caused by gender roles. Modern stu-dents have both general and specific features in the structure of value orientations due to the influence of their age and gender. The disharmony in the structure of value orientations in adolescence due to the discrepancy between the significance and avail-ability of terminal values actualizes the need to in-troduce psychological and pedagogical support for the process of self-determination of students in various spheres of life activity in the educational process of higher education.

The Study of The Level of Environmental Consciousness and the Efficiency of Environmental Education Students

The Study of The Level of Environmental Consciousness and the Efficiency of Environmental Education Students

Generation and gender factors of the structure of value orientations

A great interest in the study of the value orientations of a person is explained by their decisive role in explaining human behavior. Previous studies have shown that demographic factors influence people's value system. Over the past 20 years, several mass surveys have been conducted with wide geography. Their results showed that in the world there are processes of transformation in the structure of cultural values of different communities of people. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of generation and gender factors on value orientations. The study was based on Schwartz's theoretical model of cultural values. The survey was attended by 384 residents of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk region (Russia). To collect empirical data, Schwartz's questionnaire in Russian was used. The study found that representatives of the Soviet generation are more oriented towards conservative values, and representatives of the post-Soviet generation more adhere to values reflecting their openness to experience. In this study, men differed from women in a greater commitment to the values of autonomy and power. Considering the values of generations in the context of the gender of respondents, it is found that hedonistic values and the desire for stimulation and power are represented by a U-shaped curve in men and an inverted U-shaped curve in women. This allows us to conclude that in Russia, conditions of economic stabilization lead to increased openness to experience and dominance among men. For women, these conditions make the desire for dominance and high social status less significant.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИЕМПІРИЧНОГОДОСЛІДЖЕННЯЧИННИКІВСУСПІЛЬНОЇАКТИВНОСТІЛЮДЕЙПОХИЛОГОВІКУ

The article analyzes the basic approaches to the defenition of social activity of the elderly, provides definition of societal activities of elderly people. Examples of societal activities of elderly people are presented and the feasibility of such activity for this social group is grounded. The sample and research tools are described. The main results of the empirical research of factors of societal activities of elderly people are highlighted. To reveal the psychological content of the positions of the elderly in relation to societal activities. It has been established that elderly people can take fundamentally different positions on societal activities – the consumer of social influences and services (societal inactive); and the active subject of social action (societal active). The description of the psychological characteristics of these two groups of the elderly is given. Socio-psychological factors of increase and decrease societal activities of elderly people are determined. It is proved that participating in societal activities is influenced by such psychosocial characteristics: structure of value orientations of the individual, type of orientation, presence of social interests, degree of satisfaction needs, the sense of social support, the level of self-esteem. With the help of regression analysis, the most significant determinants of the activity of the elderly have been identifiedAccording to the results of factor analysis, 8 factors (4 for societal active elderly people and 4 for societal inactive elderly people) have been identified. This factors are reveal the content of the factors of social activity of active and inactive elderly people and reflect the types of elderly people.The ways of further using the obtained results are outlined. Based on the received data, a program of social and psychological support for the societal activities of the elderly has been developed.

КУЛЬТУРА ПРАЦІ ТА ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ МОЛОДІ

The article deals with the problems of labor adaptation of youth in organizations and enterprises, and the influence on this process of transformation of the corporate culture of labor. The main problems of labor adaptation of young people in the modern conditions of development of labor markets are analyzed theoretically. The problem of youth employment is considered, which today is one of the priority tasks of state development. Ensuring a satisfactory level of youth employment today is one of the priority tasks of the state's development. After all, young people are the most active part of the able-bodied population. Only taking into account the dynamics of the level of its employment it is possible to develop socio-economic forecasts of the country's development for the long-term perspective. The problem of youth employment is of interest to many scholars in the world. However, in Ukraine, it is updated on average every five years. This is due to the need for government programs to support and promote the development of this population.Young people are more exposed to both external and internal influences on the situation with ensuring its employment as a more productive part of the population. In the process of finding a job, young unemployed people face certain psychological difficulties. Their cause is the lack of internal readiness for active involvement, inability to change previous settings, and motivation for behavior in new market conditions. Unresolved problems of youth employment lead to rising unemployment and lower living standards; the spread of passive (dependency), unregulated (shadow occupancy) and destructive (criminal) behavior patterns; inducing external labor migration; cause psychological changes (loss of motivation to work, change in the structure of value orientations and the fall in the prestige of legal employment].The state still can not solve all problems on its own. Therefore, all public associations should work on these issues and problems and look for effective solutions to them, and only by creating a favorable business environment in Ukraine we will solve many important problems, including for the development of economic activity of youth, and the realization of their labor potential. Consequently, the main measures to be taken to reduce youth unemployment must be campaigning and educational work.

Психологические особенности мотивации и ценностей у старшеклассников разного пола

This research focuses on sex-specific differences in motivational, meaning- and value-based attitudes to learning in high school students. The sample included students of 9-11 grades (aged 15-17 years) of two Moscow schools with traditional paradigm in education. Motivational attitudes were measured with factor analysis of the subjects’ responses to 70 statements (different sets for male and female groups; the total number of respondents was 162, 82 males and 80 females). The structure of value orientations was studied with cluster analysis of ranking of 10 terminal human values (Rokeach) and 12 learning values (109 respondents, 60 females and 49 males). The correlation between the character of motivation and value orientations was also explored in the study (39 males and 48 females were presented with both surveys). The outcomes of the study show that young girls find opportunities for self-actualisation in knowledge and experience, in personal growth and overcoming difficulties in life, whereas young boys mostly associate self-actualisation with affiliative sphere. The character of motivation in young girls clearly corresponds with the values they choose, while in boys the relationship between motivations and values seems ambiguous. Taking into account sex specifics in adolescents may help raise the effectiveness of learning activity

Counterfactual Objectives of University Education

Subject of counterfactuality is essential for ethics and philosophy of education, but despite this fact, still has not found a proper philosophical reflection in domestic science - rather philosophical texts meet philologists, in linguistics counterfactuality associated primarily with Plusquamperfekt, long-past time that also used increasingly to describe unreality of the situation and actions in the present and future time. Unreality of moral standards is relative – they are unreal only to the extent that they can not be implemented without any special effort – very this effort gives them the power and reality even more than ones having “realistic”, positivist standards. This temporal aspect recedes into the background, and to the foreground opposition steps – of traditionalism and modernity desire to change, to improve the world, ourselves, the others. With Plusquamperfekt one can identify different models as models of counterfactual subjective distancing from the flow of events through distancing from: inadequate (partially adequate) senses; inadequate (excessive, reduced or even false) emotional perception; inadequate action results intentions; values discrepancy of the object of perception. Values are always opposed to the counter-value or irrelevant value. Then and there appears actually a philosophical interest to the concept of counterfactuality that can be called a priori selected context. Thus, taking a counterfactual position, we choose a semantic context of our behavior – sensual, emotional, instrumentally rational, value, etc – and give it absolute value relatively to all other possible contexts – within our strategy of certain behavior. Not omly academic values should be considered after the model of counterfactuality –also other values of university education should be. And the same academic values should be deprived of a significant part of their idealization – a value that acquire a real education is regulatory, not absolute. Academic values become variability in the structure of value orientations of different university communities. If the version of each academic values considered as self-sufficient in its counterfactuality subsystem of values, then one gets pluralistic academic values picture in which different versions of their interpretation partially complementary, but may partially be contradict one another. And counterfactual academic values may be supplemented by other counterfactual university values, such as institutional. Counterfactuality may have different directions and different levels of modalities – both for different communities within the university and for different universities.

System of education and value orientations of youth

The paper is devoted to modernization of education. The modern education system, her influence on value orientations of youth in new conditions of development of information technologies, transition to the market relations, and mechanism of impact on formation and transformation of value orientations is considered. The comparative analysis of structure of value orientations of school students and students, in the conditions of continuous changes in education for the last decades is given, change of value orientations in the course of socialization of youth is traced on this basis.

Gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und politisches Verhalten / Social value orientations and political behavior

Abstract Social value orientations are introduced as a central set of variables for theories of voting behavior. Voting behavior is used as an example for a class of models which can demonstrate the linkage between social structure and individual behavior. Social value orientations are analytically defined and examined in relationship with related and complementary concepts like interests. Theoretically based on the AGIL paradigm, a comprehensive sample of indicators of social values is drawn from appropriate attitude scales. The structure of value orientations is empirically delineated by a multidimensional scaling procedure using the correlations between the indicators as input. Knowing this structure it is possible to construct a parsimonious set of eight scales of value orientations. Canonical correlations and discriminant analysis are the procedures used to relate this set with social structural antecedents and political attitudes and behavior as presumed consequences. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Jülich community study.