Structure Of Urban Space Research Articles

Историческое архитектурное наследие и современная застройка Владивостока как ресурс интеграции в АТР и формирования бренда территории в рамках политики «Разворота на Восток»: тренды и проблемы

The article examines the problems of forming a brand for the territory of Vladivostok as the largest agglomeration in the Russian Far East and a center of international cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The author analyzes the features of the building and territorial development of the city both in previous historical periods and in the conditions of the present moment. The period of analysis covers the entire history of the city’s development – from the second half of the 19th century to the present day, territorially – the entire urban development, taking into account port and industrial development. The article pays attention to such problems as the established fame of Vladivostok, the features of the urban environment, the specific structure of urban space, the relationship ofthese aspects with the development of international cooperation, business and economic activity, inbound tourism and the transformation of the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District into a well-known international location. The modern Russian policy of "Turn to the East" on the scale of the Far Eastern Federal District turns out to be largely connected with such locations as Vladivostok, and for this reason it is necessary to pay more and more attention to the development of such territories, harmoniously linking the historical "background" with the possibilities of modern urbanism.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Implications of Urban Residential Space Based on the New Commercial Housing in Xi’an, China, 2006–2022

Since 1998, comprehensive housing marketization has led to a more complex urban residential space structure in China, as evidenced by the changes in new commercial housing. The current stage is critical for China in its pursuit of high-quality and sustainable urban development, with the spatial structure of housing being a key aspect in achieving this goal. In order to clarify the characteristics of the urban residential space in China and grasp the spatio-temporal changes of new commercial housing, this study takes the data of new commercial housing projects in Xi’an, northwest China, from 2006 to 2022 as the basis, and uses the GIS method to explore the characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of the urban residential space and to investigate the factors influencing it. The results reveal changes in the number, size, and spatial distribution of new commercial housing in Xi’an. The evolution of residential space is influenced by cultural and social changes, population, and economic factors, in addition to the main influence of national policies. The renewal of urban villages into commercial housing projects is a prominent feature of changes in urban residential space, which saves construction land and improves residents’ living conditions. Finally, the expansion of urban residential space parallels the urbanization process, showing a pattern of ‘external expansion accompanied by internal renewal’, and the evolution process and property rights management are different from those of other countries.

Characterizing the livingness of geographic space across scales using global nighttime light data

The hierarchical structure of geographic or urban space can be well-characterized by the concept of living structure, a term coined by Christopher Alexander. All spaces, regardless of their size, possess certain degrees of livingness that can be mathematically quantified. While previous studies have successfully quantified the livingness of small spaces such as images or artworks, the livingness of geographic space has not yet been characterized in a recursive manner. Zipf’s law has been observed in urban systems and intra-urban structures. However, whether Zipf’s law is applicable to the hierarchical substructures of geographic space has rarely been investigated. In this study, we recursively extract the substructures of geographic space using global nighttime light imagery. We quantify the livingness of global cities considering the number of substructures (S) and their inherent hierarchy (H). We further investigate the scaling properties of the extracted substructures across scales and the relationships between livingness and population for global cities. The results demonstrate that all substructures of global cities form a living structure that conforms to Zipf’s law. The degree of livingness better captures population distribution than nighttime light intensity values for the global cities. This study contributes in three aspects: First, it considers global cities as a whole to quantify spatial livingness. Second, it applies the concept of livingness to cities to better capture the spatial structure of the population using nighttime light data. Third, it introduces a novel method to recursively extract substructures from nighttime images, offering a valuable tool to investigate urban structures across multiple spatial scales.

Urban system and complexity. Socio-spatial fragmentation as a systemic process of inequality

The shape of cities has historically been the expression of complex processes of material and energy differentiation. Like any open and self-regulating system, it needs to evolve by exchanging flows of information and matter with its environment based on non-linear interactions made up of hierarchies and complementarities necessary for its adaptation. In order to establish causality with the phenomenon of socio-spatial fragmentation, structural inequality has been analyzed as a stratifying factor of spatialities in urban space. The dialectical hermeneutic method has allowed the modeling of concepts from information theory and thermodynamics to explain the interaction logic of the operating subsystems and their consequences in the hybrid structuring of urban space. The identification of cycles and morphogenetic causality in the production of spatialities forms a theoretical-conceptual contribution to the study of urban dynamics when spatial proximity coexists with social distance as a norm.

Structure and Function of Urban Forests and Green Spaces in a Changing World

Green infrastructures (e.g., forests, parks, and other types of green spaces) in urban areas provide people with a huge volume of ecosystem benefits. However, the quality of urban green infrastructure varies among cities in different countries/regions, and key ecological processes, maintaining mechanisms, and policy decision routes remain unclear. Here, we recognize four themes that link studies from the Asia-Pacific and European regions presented in this Editorial: (1) indicators and services of urban green spaces; (2) assembly of and changes in diverse plant communities; (3) utilization and evaluation of urban forest landscape; and (4) patterns and drivers of urban agro-forestry systems. These investigations enlarge our understanding on the theoretical exploration and methodological innovation of urban forestry studies in response to the changing environment, and shed some light on routes to achieve sustainable development goals in the context of rapid urbanization.

A three-layer evapotranspiration model considering the vertical structure of urban green spaces

Urban green spaces with complex vertical vegetation structures typically have higher capacities for microclimate regulation. The vertical structure comprising "tree + shrub + soil" is a common feature in urban green spaces. The Penman–Monteith and Shuttleworth–Wallace models estimate the evapotranspiration (ET) from trees and soil only, but they do not account for the contribution of shrubs, thereby leading to underestimation of the ecosystem ET. We developed a three-layer model of the vertical structure comprising "tree + shrub + soil" in urban green spaces and its impacts on ecosystem ET. The three-layer model was validated based on data measurements, showing that the root mean square errors of latent heat flux for tree, shrub, and soil were 31.0 W·m–2, 21.3 W·m–2, and 19.1 W·m–2, respectively. The uncertainty of parameters can significantly affect the model’s performance when estimating ET and its components. Sensitivity analysis showed that meteorological parameters, bulk stomatal resistance, and soil surface resistance played important roles in ET estimation using the three-layer model, and these sensitivity coefficients were also influenced by the meteorological conditions and vegetation canopy structure. The three-layer model enhances our understanding of ET in urban green spaces, aiding in their management and planning.

Study of the Effect of Seepage–Cyclic Load Coupling Disturbance on the Physical Field in Old Urban Underground Spaces

The safety and sustainability of urban underground spaces have become crucial considerations in development projects. Seepage and cyclic loads are the principal reasons for the instability and failure of old underground space structures. This study investigates the variations in physical fields of underground spaces in cities under the coupling disturbance of seepage and cyclic loads, focusing on underground civil air defense engineering in Beijing as a case study. Different seepage conditions and the effects of seepage–cyclic load coupling were simulated using the numerical calculation software Plaxis 3D V20. The results show that change in groundwater can affect the deformation of underground space, and the severity is related to the quantity and intersection state of tunnels, the location of rivers above, and the strength of materials. The coupling effect of seepage–cyclic load on urban underground space structures is more serious than that of a single percolation. Decrease in material strength and high traffic loads are the principal reasons for the failure of underground structures. A 30% decrease in material strength causes the displacement to increase almost 1.5 times, and maximum displacement under different traffic loads can vary by 3 times. This study holds significant implications for the design, maintenance, and engineering management of underground spaces, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in urban development and infrastructure.

Образ «чужого» в инфраструктуре российского города (на примере Челябинской области)

The article aims to identify the criteria of the "image" of a migrant and "migrant" infrastructure, to describe the problems of interethnic relations, integration of migrants from Central Asia in a Russian city (using the examples of cities in Chelyabinsk region). The author relies on 540 interviews with the local population of six cities of the region (Chelyabinsk, Kopeysk, Magnitogorsk, Miass, Zlatoust, Troitsk), as well as the results of observations, content analysis of mass media and Internet resources. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics revealed in the course of the research allowed us to characterise the image of the "alien", the structure of urban space in the dichotomy "native"-"alien", to identify the problems of interethnic relations, to describe which objects are given the status of "migrant" and through what markers this happens. Particular attention is paid to the image of the "alien" in the media and various Internet resources, which largely shape public attitudes towards migrants and where the latter are most often endowed with negative characteristics (settling by large families and thus "taking over" entire city districts, illegally occupying jobs and entire spheres of the regional economy). It is concluded that the image of the "alien" and "migrant" infrastructure in the media is formed under the influence of national, ethnic and class stereotyping, a limited set of life contexts, impersonality and passivity of migrants. It was revealed that a significant part of negative attitudes of the local population towards migrants is projected onto quite specific objects of urban infrastructure (markets, educational and medical institutions, "dangerous" neighbourhoods, etc.) and the spheres of activity (shuttle buses, trade, construction, etc.).

An empirical assessment of whether urban green ecological networks have the capacity to store higher levels of carbon

Carbon–neutral growth is a crucial long-term climatic aim in the context of global warming. This paper introduces complex network theory and explores its potential application to achieve this goal. Specifically, we investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of nodes and sources in the ecological network, and examine whether a relationship exists between the topological index of network nodes and the landscape pattern index of ecological source areas. We also determine the contribution of nodes to the carbon stock of the entire network by exploring the correlation between the carbon stock of nodes and sources to develop an optimization strategy based on the synergistic effect of node-source carbon enhancement. Finally, we test the effect of network optimization through robustness. Our results show that: (1) The correlation topological feature index analysis reveals that the degree distribution of the node network's topological characteristics becomes dispersed and modular, exhibiting the characteristics of small-world networks according to a large clustering coefficient. The heterogeneity and extent of ecological source landscapes have increased by modularity index but remain distributed and locally fragmented; (2) According to correlation analysis, by enhancing the eccentricity of the node topology, the patch cohesion index (COHESION) of the ecological source site can maximize the contribution of the node to the enhancement of the carbon stock benefits of the source site; (3) According to the tests on the robustness of nodes and edges and the robustness of network links, network stability is improved and carbon sink capacity is enhanced. Simultaneously, the restoration and rejuvenation of ecological space through national ecological construction projects can effectively improve the carbon sink within the organized region, contributing to the carbon neutrality aim. This research gives scientific and quantifiable references for potential ecological construction projects for sustainable cities and the optimization of urban ecological space structure.

The evolution of theater placement in the urban space of the city using the example of Moscow from the late 17th to the early 20th century.

The current trend of urban sprawl in major cities is creating conditions for territorial injustice in the distribution of cultural assets. One of the key problems in the modern theater urban development of Moscow is associated with the uneven distribution of theater complexes between the city core and the periphery. The object of the study is the theater as an element of the cultural environment of urban space. The subject of the study is the spatial features of theater placement in the urban structure and its influence on shaping the city's cultural landscape, as well as the spatial evolution of the city itself. The research objective is to establish urban planning correlations between theater location in the city structure and the spatial development of the city through the evolution of theater placement in Moscow from the late 17th to the early 20th century. The research methodology during the historical phase is based on studying bibliographic sources and cartographic analysis. Examination of contemporary issues involved collecting, updating, and visualizing geospatial data on the present urban placement of theaters. The scientific novelty of the study lies in utilizing a spatial approach to examining Moscow's urban cultural environment retrospectively from the late 17th to the early 20th century. This spatial approach enables identifying the correlation between sociocultural phenomena and the structure of Moscow's urban space during this period. The research identified characteristic temporal stages in the evolution of theater placement in Moscow from the late 17th to the early 20th century, coupled with the city's immediate spatial development. The research results can serve as a starting point for developing a comprehensive urban strategy aimed at enhancing the quality of the city's cultural environment through the strategic placement of theater complexes.

Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas Pasar Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang

Changes in the structure of urban space will affect movement patterns, ultimately burdening the existing road network in an area. Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) is an analysis of the influence of land-use development on the system of traffic flow movement around the development; this is caused by the emergence of new traffic, shifting traffic, and vehicles coming in and out of or to the development land. The construction of Pasar Ngablak can have a new traffic impact and increase the traffic load around the market, disrupting traffic links that can reduce the level of road services. This study aims to analyze the impact of market development activities that are useful to minimize traffic impact and provide appropriate recommendations. The research method used was the approach of the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI, 1997), with the results of the delay value and degree of saturation. The results of the delay value and degree of saturation are used to see the existing conditions and during operation. However, predictions for the next 5 (five) years after development need to be watched out for and given appropriate recommendations because there is an increase in traffic movement around the market

Efficiency Improvement of Urban Spatial Economic Interaction and Regional Economic Development in the Context of Industrial Circulation

Abstract With the deepening of economic globalization, interregional connectivity is increasing, making regional economic linkages a hot topic in economics. This study draws on the principles of operations research to classify the urban spatial financial interaction structure into four primary forms: isolated scatter, line, circle, column and network. Through the social network analysis method, the economic structure of urban space is analyzed from the three dimensions of network density, network centrality and cohesive subgroups. At the same time, the distribution of the potential hierarchy of intercity economic links is explored in detail using the gravity model. The empirical Analysis of the 26 city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta reveals that the spatial correlation of the industrial circulation level among these cities is 0.331, and the mean value of the empirical distribution reaches 0.4338, which significantly indicates that the industrial circulation level is positively correlated with the regional economic development. This study provides a valuable reference for the formulation of regional development strategies and shows a unique innovation in enriching the content of economic linkage theory.

The Thermal Regulator Role of Urban Green Spaces: The Case of Coimbra (Portugal)

Urban transformations, driven by human activities, result in unique urban ecosystems that significantly impact thermal environments. This study delves into the implications of anthropogenic climate change on diverse urban structures, aiming to enhance urban resilience. A key question arises: how do different urban structures affect the urban thermal environments at multiple scales? This study explores the relationship between urban morphology and temperature variations at both surface and vertical levels during different times of the day. Using data loggers and vertical temperature recordings through UAV, temperature data were collected on pre-established pedestrian pathways that cover different urban morphologies. The selection of the routes covered different densities of urbanized areas and green spaces. This facilitated the creation of a study examining the impact of both 2D and 3D urban green space structures on the thermal landscape of a Mediterranean city—Coimbra, Portugal. The gathered data provided insight into (1) the role of green spaces in the climatic regulation of the city, regardless of the time of the day; (2) the direct relation between surface temperatures and green space morphology; (3) the fact that green spaces act as a cell of fresh air, even in urban areas where there is a measurable urban heat island; (4) the fact that urban areas with green spaces with high tree density present great thermal inertia specific to each morphology in the first 30 m, whereas from 30 to 200 m all profiles present similarly; (5) urban areas with green spaces with high tree density show differentiated temperatures, both at the surface and at altitude. This research underscores the pivotal role of urban green spaces in city planning, emphasizing their importance for bolstering climate change resilience. Acknowledging the thermal regulation benefits offered by green spaces is imperative for aligning with sustainable development objectives in modern cities.

Penentuan Sistem Pusat Pelayanan Perkotaan Berdasarkan Data Point of Interest di Kota Pangkalpinang

An interconnected city service system exists in urban areas. A good urban space structure should be able to encourage sustainable development for the people and the countryside, as a process of changing the use of dynamic urban space. The high service requirements of the central area of Pangkalpinang City are not offset by the availability of adequate urban facilities. The purpose of this study is to describe the service center system in Pangkalpinang City. The method used in this research with kernel density analysis uses POI (Point of Interest) data related to social, cultural, economic, and/or public administration. Analysis results showed that the Padi Market Area is still a potential service center in Pangkalpinang City, with the main character of trade and services. This is in line with the 2011-2030 RTRW of Pangkalpinan City that makes the Pedi Market area the service center of Pangcalpinang Town. Several areas have the potential to develop functions and roles as a City Service Subcenter. The results of this analysis are expected to provide recommendations to policymakers in drawing up the structure of urban spaces in urban spatial documents.

Evaluation and calculation of urban carbon emission reduction potential based on spatiotemporal geographic model

With the growth of urban carbon emissions, found that the current urban carbon emission reduction potential assessment and calculation in carbon emissions data source, research index selection and cost are some problems, to promote the realization of low carbon emission reduction target, it is necessary to use space and space and geographical weighted regression model to obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of urban carbon reduction. This article combined geographic information system (GIS) technology to construct a spatial database. Based on the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model, a time dimension was introduced to construct a spatiotemporal GWR model, which was used to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution information of urban CEs and draw a spatial distribution (SD) map of urban CE reduction potential (RP). This article also conducted experimental tests on the carbon reduction potential (CRP) of Chinese cities by combining different carbon reduction (CR) measures. This paper uses three CR methods to test P of these cities respectively measure A adjust industrial structure, measure B to promote low carbon technology innovation and measure C is to optimize the urban space structure, the experimental results show that the average carbon emission intensity of measure A cities is 0.72 tons / yuan, 0.02 tons / 0,0.04 tons / yuan less than measures B and C; the average CE efficiency of measures A cities is 0.85,0.02 and 0.05 compared with measures B and C respectively. From the above data, adjusting the industrial structure can effectively improve the CE efficiency of various cities, reduce the CE, reduce the CE intensity, and promote the realization of CE reduction in cities.

ХОЛОДНЫЙ ГОРОД В АРКТИКЕ: МОДЕЛЬ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА

The lack of large-scale scientific research on human needs in an extreme climate in the Russian theory of architecture does not allow to create an environment that adequately meets the requirements of urban life in the North. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize the structure of urban space in the Arctic. The model includes the material architectural environment, aspects of its sensory perception by man and conceptual representations of the region and the city. The hypothesis of the study: the Arctic city feels "cold" not only because of the objectively extreme climate, but also because of the social and individual perception, as well as - because of the image of the architectural environment. This means that comprehensive work with the material dimension and aspects of its emotional/sensory perception is necessary to correct the "cold" image. The formation of the empirical potential of the environment, through which it is supposed to change the perception of the region towards sustainable development, becomes the main task of architectural design

COLORED ROOFS: A SOLUTION TO MITIGATION UHI AND REDUCING URBAN SURFACE HEATING

The city is a built-up urban space and multifunctional structures that ensure safety, health and the best shelter for humans. All its built structures had various urban roofs influenced by different climate circumstances. That creates peculiarities and changes within the urban local climate and an increase in the impact of urban heat islands (UHI) with wastage of energy. The research question is less information dealing with the renovation of existing urban roofs using color as a strategy to mitigate the impact of UHI. In order to achieve local urban sustainability; the research focused on solutions using different materials and treatments to reduce urban surface heating emissions. The results showed that the new and old technologies, products, and the materials are complying with the principles of urban sustainability and have the local possibility of reducing urban roof heating, mitigating UHI and creating a sustainable urban environment at a low cost.

아산-천안지역 개발사업 토지이용계획이 인구 및 산업구조 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study examines the impact of various development projects, such as housing complex development projects and industrial complex development projects, on changes in urban characteristics through time series analysis and statistical analysis for each item of land use plan that determines the urban spatial structure in developing a city. By selecting two geographically adjacent cities as the research subjects, a comparative analysis of the industrial structure change in the process of urban development was possible. Through a comparative analysis of the two cities, the effect of land use planning items that determine the urban space structure on population growth and the increase in the number of industrial workers differs depending on the urban characteristics, and the effect of the gravity model theory of population movement also influences the increase and development of industrial workers. It was derived as a result of the study that it appears. It was confirmed that two cities with different characteristics as a production city and a consumption city within the same living area grow in a mutually complementary relationship as their competitive areas in the industrial field develop more specialized.

Research on the Optimal Design of Community Public Space from the Perspective of Social Capital

In the process of rapid urbanization and accelerated transformation of urban community public space structures, the optimization of community space structure and the quality of the living environment has attracted the attention of academic circles. Existing research has shown that the well-being of community residents is positively correlated with community social capital. The starting point of this study was howaimed to increase residents’ social capital and enhance their sense of life happiness through a good community space environment design. This paper focuses on the analysis of the spatial perception level of community residents and the correlation between environmental space design elements and social capital and explores the environmental factors that affect the accumulation of social capital of community residents to put forward suggestions for the optimal design of community public spaces. A field survey of 30 communities in Shanghai City was conducted based on relevant theories and practical cases both at home and abroad. The six dimensions of “social cohesion”, “sense of community belonging”, “social participation”, “social network”, “social interaction”, and “neighborhood relationship” are used to assign social capital, and the six dimensions are respectively regressed with residents’ environmental perception of the community and the objective environment of the community. The correlation between the social capital of community residents and the three elements of public space (space, facilities, and social elements) was obtained. According to the public space optimization design strategy of the three elements, public space design principles for improving community social capital are proposed, including the principles of diversification, humanization, suitability, and inclusiveness, and the corresponding suggestions are proposed from three aspects: point space, line space, and surface space.

Attention and Sentiment of the Chinese Public toward a 3D Greening System Based on Sina Weibo

The rapid development of global urbanization over the years has led to a significant increase in the urban population, resulting in an imbalance in the urban green space structure. Transforming the urban 2D space green quantity into a 3D space green quantity to create 3D greenery systems (TGS) is a space resource that cannot be ignored in the process of urban green space expansion. This research gathered and analyzed Sina Weibo post information and user information related to TGS to investigate the changing trend of attention status and emotional orientation of the Chinese public on TGS. We employed web crawler technology and text mining to search and analyze the data on the Sina Weibo platform. This research aids policymakers and stakeholders in comprehending the general public's perspective on TGS and showing the transmission channel of public sentiment and the origins of negative sentiment. Results indicate that the public's attention to TGS has greatly increased since the shift in the government's idea of governance, although it still needs improvement. Despite TGS's good thermal insulation and air purification effects, 27.80% of the Chinese public has a negative attitude toward it. The public's negative sentiment of TGS housing is not solely due to pricing. The public is mainly concerned about the damage to the structure of buildings caused by TGS, the subsequent maintenance of plants, the increase in indoor mosquitoes, and lighting and humidity problems. This research helps decision makers understand the public opinion communication process via social media and provides corresponding solutions, which is of great significance for the future development of TGS.