Structure Of Plant Tissues Research Articles

IMPROVING STUDENT'S COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOME THROUGH DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANT TISSUES SUBJECT

<p><em>Discovery learning model encourages learners to find new knowledge and to look for the solution of problems or odd situations. The model provides an opportunity for students to actively participate in building knowledge that they would gain during learning. The research aims to improve student's cognitive learning outcome and activities through discovery learning model in the subject of the Structure and Function of Plant Tissues in SMP Negeri (Public Junior High School) 4 Ternate. The research is a classroom action research in the academic year of 2018/2019. The action research is conducted in two cycles. The research result indicates that the application of discovery learning model could improve the cognitive learning outcome and learning activities among students at class VIII-4 of SMP Negeri 4 Kota Ternate in the subject of the Structure and Function of Plant Tissues. </em></p>

An Evaluation of the Quality and Microstructure of Biodegradable Composites as Contribution towards Better Management of Food Industry Wastes

Biowastes from the food industry can be applied as a usable material after appropriate treatment (i.e., agglomeration). Biowastes are materials that could have better properties if they are mixed. Brewery and oilseed wastes were compressed and evaluated by their quality and microstructure. This article presents the influence of food wastes’ type on their biodegradable composite properties. Rapeseed cake and brewer’s threshing were used separately and mixed in three different proportions: 30:70, 50:50, 70:30. The data were obtained by mechanical testing on the Instron machine with different pressure forces of 30,000 N and 50,000 N. Strength and elasticity parameters, expansion after the test and in 24 h were estimated. The characteristics such as density, relaxation and compaction after the agglomeration process of biomass allows the selection of the best material and method for optimal composite quality. The results show an upward trend in composite density with decreasing content of brewery waste in a sample. Rapeseed cake can be considered as the material more susceptible to the compaction process. In addition to material properties and its lower density, the reason may be due to the granulometric composition of particles, density and particle size which was confirmed by SEM structure observations. Images of composites were analyzed on the basis of morphological plant tissue structures.

Analysis of Variation in Circuit Parameters for Substitution of Weed Plant Tissue under Electric Impulse Action

To substantiate the quantitative values of the process of destruction of weeds by means of electric impulse and to elucidate the mechanism of damage and the sequence of disturbances that occur in the internal structure of the processed plants, it is necessary to know not only the design of the electrical circuit of the plant tissue substitution but also to have information on the nature of the change in the parameters of the elements of this scheme during electric damage. The presented technique allows (with the help of inexpensive and accessible technical means) to control the damage to the tissues of a weed plant and to calculate quantitative values using developed mathematical apparatus. The analysis shows that the damage to weed plant tissues can be characterized, first of all, by the loss of cell membranes in their semipermeable functions and an increase in the active conductivity of the processed areas of plants. Such changes in the internal structure of plant tissue lead to loss of cell viability in the areas subjected to the electric impulse treatment. The presented analysis fits the current thinking of biophysicists on the electrical damage to the internal structure of biological objects. The technological studies of the process of the electric impulse irreversible damage to plant tissues conducted, based on the analysis presented in the article, allow us to limit the supplied electric energy that makes it possible to make electric impulse weeding an energy-saving means of combating weeds.

A methodology study on chemical and molecular structure imaging in modified forage leaf tissue with cutting-edge synchrotron-powered technology (SR-IMS) as a potential research tool.

To date there is no any study on imaging molecular chemistry and chemical structure of biotech-modified plant tissue on a molecular basis. The objective of this methodology study was to apply a non-invasive and non-destructive synchrotron powered technology - SR-IMS to image molecular chemistry of the modified forage leaf tissue. The infrared molecular vibrational microspectroscopy powered with synchrotron light at Advanced Light Source (ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, Dept. of Energy, USA) were applied. The synchrotron beamline time was arranged by National Synchrotron Light Source (Scientist Dr. Lisa Miller, Brookhaven National Lab, Dept. of Energy, USA). The various molecular functional groups in the forage tissue included CH symmetric and asymmetric regions, amides I and II regions, structure and non-structure CHO regions, carbonyl ester region with peak areas at ca. 3644-3000 cm-1, ca 3005-2979 cm-1, ca. 1722-1483 cm-1, ca. 1488-1412 cm-1, ca. 1296-1189 cm-1, and ca. 1194-951 cm-1. The spectral peak area ratio imaging of chemical functional groups were also studied which included the ratio of peak area under ca. 1722-1483 cm-1 to peak area under ca. 3005-2979 cm-1 and the ratio of peak area under ca. 1722-1483 cm-1 to peak area under ca. 1194-951 cm-1. The results showed that the advanced synchrotron-based technology - SR-IMS was able to image the forage tissue at an ultra-highly resolution within intact tissue within cellular and subcellular dimension. It revealed the forage tissue in a molecular chemical sense and provided an insight on nutrient properties and their molecular structure as well as chemical features. In conclusion, the synchrotron-radiation SR-IMS is able to image molecular structure of the forage leaf tissue at an ultra-highly resolution. The advanced SR-IMS technique could provide leaf tissue four kinds of information simultaneously: tissue structure, tissue chemistry, tissue nutrients, and tissue environment of forage.

MgONPs Can Boost Plant Growth: Evidence from Increased Seedling Growth, Morpho-Physiological Activities, and Mg Uptake in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

In this study, we documented the impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) on the various morpho-physiological changes by root irrigation in tobacco plants in the matrix media, as well as the uptake and accumulation of the NPs over a range of concentrations (50–250 μg/mL). Our results showed that the seed germination rate was not affected following exposure to MgONPs for 5 days. Enhanced plant growth together with increased peroxidase activity (39.63 U mg−1 protein in the 250 μg/mL MgONPs treatment, 36.63 U mg−1 protein in the control), superoxide dismutase activity (30.15 U mg−1 protein compared to 26.95 U mg−1 protein in the control), and chlorophyll content (the chlorophyll a and b contents in 0 and 250 μg/mL of MgONPs were 0.21, 0.12 μg/g to 1.21, 0.67 μg/g, respectively) were observed after 30 days of MgONP treatment. However, the malondialdehyde, protein, and relative water contents did not differ significantly, indicating that the NPs in the test concentrations had no phytotoxicity and even promoted plant growth. Scanning electron microscopy and paraffin section observations indicated that the MgONPs did not affect the plant tissue structures and cells. In addition, an elevated Mg content was detected in the plant tissues exposed to MgONPs, suggesting that the Mg was taken up by the tobacco roots and translocated to the shoots and leaves, which were probably the most important tools to cause an increase in the chlorophyll content and stimulate growth. In particular, compared with the controls, a substantially higher Mg content was observed in the leaves (12.93 mg/g in the MgONPs treatment, 9.30 mg/g in the control) exposed to 250 μg/mL MgONPs, especially in the lower and middle leaves. This result confirmed that the contents of plant Mg-element in the old leaves were increased by MgONPs. In summary, this study investigated increased Mg uptake and growth stimulation, as well as the induction of various positive morpho-physiological changes to tobacco plants when exposed to MgONPs. Results elucidate the promotional impact of the NPs on plant health and their implications for agricultural safety and security.

Development of the Assessment Instrument Based on Scientific Literacy of the Motion of Living Things, Structure and Function of Plant Tissues for Class VIII SMP

Science as one of the subject in the 2013 curiculum demands the development of students’ scientific literacy. The measurement of scientific literacy of Indonesian students conducted by PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) is still relatively low. This can be caused by the process and the assessment instruments used today are dominated by low cognitive demands so that they have not been able to develop students’ high level order thingking. This research aims to develop assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP. This development research using the Plomp model which consists of preliminary research phase, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The subjects were 39 students of class IX SMP Negeri 8 Padang. The results showed that validity was logically stated to be very valid with an average 86.55% and valid according to empirical validity of 76.78%. Based on practicalities are very high with value of 88.75% from teachear and of 88.94% from students. The reability shows a very high category with 0.81 for multiple choice question and a moderate category of 0.59 for true-false questions. The level of difficulty is varies and has a good distinguishing. Based on this, it can be concluded that assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP can be declared very valid, very practical, and reliability in the medium to very high categories. Keywords: scientific literacy, assessment

PKM Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Bahan Bekas Sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA bagi Kelompok Guru IPA

Based on observations at SMP Nusantara Indah Sintang and SMP Panca Setya 2 Sintang as a schoolspartner, it is seen that the condition of the laboratory is inadequate wherethe available of the tools and materials are less. Science Teachers did not innovate and create creations to overcome the problem. In addition, practicum activities are rarely done, including in utilizing the surrounding environment. Science Teachers tend to do learning process with theory. Therefore, the joint proponent cooperates to overcome the problem through the program of Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM). This PKM program is aims to improve teachers' skills in designing and developing learning media with unused materials. The method used in the achievement of the goal is the implementation of inservice in the form of training and mentoring. The training was carried out is the training of techniques to design learning media with used materials. The results of the training is there are six media developed i.e linear motion, simple machine, digestive system, additive substances, structure and function of plant tissue, and circulatory system.

Various Physiological Response to Graphene Oxide and Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide in Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

An increasing number of investigations have been performed on the phytotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials duo to their extensive use in various fields. In the present study, we investigated the phytotoxicity of unfunctionalized graphene oxide (GO) and amine-functionalized graphene oxide (G-NH2) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the concentration range from 125 to 2000 μg/mL after 9 days of hydroponic culture. Our results found that the incubation with both nanomaterials did not affect the final seed germination rate, despite some influence in the initial stage. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that exposure to GO at a high concentration (above 1000 μg/mL) resulted in a severe loss of morphology of seedlings, and a decrease in root length, shoot length and relative biomass, along with obvious damage to plant tissue structures (root, stem and leaf) when compared with the control. GO induced increased damage to root cells, which were determined by electrolyte leakage. Conversely, the plant growth was enhanced under G-NH2 exposure, and the root and stem lengths were increased by 19.27% and 19.61% at 2000 μg/mL, respectively. The plant tissue structures were not affected, and neither GO nor G-NH2 were observed to accumulate in the wheat plant root cells. The present investigations provide important information for evaluation of the environmental safety of GO and better understanding plant-nanoparticle interactions.

Profile of biology prospective teachers’ representation on plant anatomy learning

This study aims to obtaining students’ representation ability in understanding the structure and function of plant tissues in plant anatomy course. Thirty students of The Biology Education Department of Sriwijaya University were involved in this study. Data on representation ability were collected using test and observation. The instruments had been validated by expert judgment. Test scores were used to represent students’ ability in 4 categories: 2D-image, 3D-image, spatial, and verbal representations. The results show that students’ representation ability is still low: 2D-image (40.0), 3D-image (25.0), spatial (20.0), and verbal representation (45.0). Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that instructional strategies be developed for plant anatomy course.

Identification of tensile strength properties of abaca fiber by weakest-linkage approach-statistic property of fiber diameter

Fiber reinforced plastics or metals (FRPor FRM) are usually ecological materials, because their specific strength defined as the strengthperunit mass is much larger than metal, and weight ofmachines and structuresfor transport made ofFRP can be significantly reduced so that the consumption of fossil fuel scan be saved to result in tremendous reduction of CO2emissions. However, when we consider life cycle assessment (LCA) of synthetic fibers like carbon fiber and glass fiber, we can recognize much CO2 emission in production of these fibers. Therefore, more ecological reinforcement fibers must be developed. For this end, we should utilization cellulose fibers derived from plant tissue structure as an alternative fibers for synthetic fibers, which are considered as carbon neutral materials, and natural degraded material. This study selectsabaca fiber, which is a natural fiber and is abundant in Indonesia, but its usagehas not been optimized for engineering material. The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanical strength of a single abaca fiber by statistical approach. First, weakest link theory and Weibull theory are used to discuss experimental data. 90 specimens of almost identical geometry and biological aspects are tested under tension. These data are analyzed by Weibull theory or other statistical theory. Final target is to look into optimal method to reduce scatter ratio, ratio of standard deviation to mean value, of less than 0.1, which is the level of metallic materials. If we can reduce scatter ration to such level, we can design machines and structures using abaca fiber in the same way as carbon fibers or glass fibers. Summary of Diameter Measurement the all mean value is 0.1 and standardeviasi. The t-Test showed that mean value of each part is estimated as sampling from group with the same mean value, at confidence level of 99%.

MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE QUANTUM TEACHING DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NAHDATUL ULAMA BATANG TORU

This research was carried outMadrasah Aliyah Nahdatul Ulama Batang Toru years lessons 2015-2016.This type of research is Research Action class (Classroom Action Research) using two cycles of learning. Each cycle starting from the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collecting techniques used is the test of creativity and observation. Data collection tools used is sheet tests the creativity and student activity observation sheet. Based on the results of the research action class that do obtain test results of creativity learning of biology students ranging from cycle to cycle I II was 1872 with an average of 72.0 with thepercentage of completeness (61.5%) and cycle II 2191 with an average completeness percentage with 84.27 (84.62%). Based on the analysis of data obtained the value of the observation activities of students in cycle I of 66.92% and cycle II of 82.30% observation rating and performance teacher at 67.25% of cycle I and cycle II of 92.9%. In cycle II, has experienced an increase of cycle I and already meets the criteria of research indicators of achievement, then this study finalized on cycle II.Keywords:Creativity, Quantum Teaching method, structure and function of plant tissue.

The impact of short-term UV irradiation on grains of sensitive and tolerant cereal genotypes studied by EPR.

UV irradiation has ionisation character and leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The destructive character of ROS was observed among others during interaction of cereal grains with ozone and was caused by changes in structures of biomolecules leading to the formation of stable organic radicals. That effect was more evident for stress sensitive genotypes. In this study we investigated the influence of UV irradiation on cereal grains originating from genotypes with different tolerance to oxidative stress. Grains and their parts (endosperm, embryo and seed coat) of barley, wheat and oat were subjected to short-term UV irradiation. It was found that UV caused the appearance of various kinds of reactive species (O2-• , H2 O2 ) and stable radicals (semiquinone, phenoxyl and carbon-centred). Simultaneously, lipid peroxidation occurred and the organic structure of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes become disturbed. UV irradiation causes damage of main biochemical structures of plant tissues, the effect is more significant in sensitive genotypes. In comparison with ozone treatment, UV irradiation leads to stronger destruction of biomolecules in grains and their parts. It is caused by the high energy of UV light, facilitating easier breakage of molecular bonds in biochemical compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Effectiveness of NHT Cooperative Learning Assisted with Picture Puzzle Towards Students’ Learning Activity and Outcomes in Plant Tissue’s Structure and Function Material

Limited number of microscope in a school become an obstacle to learning process, including to do anobservation to structure and function of tissue, especially from plants. This research discussed aboutplant tissue. Most students considered that this material was difficult due to limited number ofmicroscope and limited textbook information. Students became bored since the learning material wasdone only by listening and noting teachers’ explanation. The learning process suppose to make themactive, one of the alternative was by Numbered Head Together (NHT). The limited number ofmicroscope can be handled by the picture in picture puzzle. The purpose of this research was toanalyze the effectiveness of NHT with picture puzzle to the activity and learning outcome of studenstin plant tissue structure and function material. This research used pre-experimental with One ShotCase Study. The analysis of data included quantitative data to students’ activity, learning outcome,students’ opinion, and descriptive analysis to teacher’s opinion. The result of this research showed that91% of the students became active and very active. 82% of the students were also passed the score.Teacher and students gave positive reviews to the learning process. Based on the learning outcome, itwas concluded that the cooperative learning of NHT with picture puzzle was effective in increasingstudents’ learning activity and outcome in plant tissue function and structure material.

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPA DENGAN STRATEGI PREDICT-DISCUS-EXPLAIN-OBSERVE-DISCUS-EXPLAIN (PDEODE) UNTUK MEMINIMALISASI MISKONSEPSI SISWA SMP

This research had aimed to develop a Natural Science Learning Material with PDEODE strategy to minimize misconceptions of Junior High School students on material structure and function of plant tissue. The learning instrument is developed by using 4-D model with a try out-design namely one group pre-test - post-test design. The lesson plan has been tried out to 25 students’ of VIII-B class SMP Raden Rahmat Surabaya in the odd semester of 2016/2017 academic year. The data collection apply data validation, observation, achievement test, and questionnaire. The research data were analysed descriptively both qualitative and quantitative. The research findings were as follows: (1) The validity of the learning instrument which comprises Lesson Plan, Student Book, Student Worksheet, and a valid Identify Misconceptions Instrument; (2) The practicality of the learning instrument that can be found from: (a) the implementation of the lesson plans that is categorized as ‘good’, (b) the students’ activities and (3) The effectiveness of the learning instrument that was reviewed through: (a) the decrease misconception student from pretest to postest;; and (b) the response of students’ . Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the Natural Science Learning Instrument based Predict-Discuss-Explain Observe-Discuss-Explain (PDEODE) strategy was feasible to minimize of misconceptions student’s Junior High School.

Cultivating Fluorescent Flowers with Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots Fabricated by a Double Passivation Method.

In this work, we present the fabrication of highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) by a double passivation method with the assistance of Ca(OH)2. In the reaction process, Ca2+ protects the active functional groups from overconsumption during dehydration and carbonization, and the electron-withdrawing groups on the CD surface are converted to electron-donating groups by the hydroxyl ions. As a result, the fluorescence quantum yield of the CDs was found to increase with increasing Ca(OH)2 content in the reaction process. A blue-shift optical spectrum of the CDs was also found with increasing Ca(OH)2 content, which could be attributed to the increasing of the energy gaps for the CDs. The highly photoluminescent CDs obtained (quantum yield: 86%) were used to cultivate fluorescent carnations by a water culture method, while the results of fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that the CDs had entered the plant tissue structure.

Preliminary Study on the Reduced Pressure Cold Plasma Processing of Fresh Cut Salads: Rheological Assessment of Modifications in the Plant Tissue Structure

Preliminary Study on the Reduced Pressure Cold Plasma Processing of Fresh Cut Salads: Rheological Assessment of Modifications in the Plant Tissue Structure

Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire.

We present a new multi-analytical approach to the characterization of black pigments in Spanish Levantine rock art. This new protocol seeks to identify the raw materials that were used, as well as reconstruct the different technical gestures and decision-making processes involved in the obtaining of these black pigments. For the first of these goals, the pictorial matter of the black figurative motifs documented at the Les Dogues rock art shelter (Ares del Maestre, Castellón, Spain) was characterized through the combination of physicochemical and archeobotanical analyses. During the first stage of our research protocol, in situ and non-destructive analyses were carried out by means of portable Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF); during the second stage, samples were analyzed by Optical Microscopy (OM), Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Two major conclusions have been drawn from these analyses: first, charred plant matter has been identified as a main component of these prehistoric black pigments; and second, angiosperm and conifer charcoal was a primary raw material for pigment production, identified by means of the archaeobotanical study of plant cells. For the second goal, black charcoal pigments were replicated in the laboratory by using different raw materials and binders and by reproducing two main chaînes opératoires. The comparative study of the structure and preservation of plant tissues of both prehistoric and experimental pigments by means of SEM-EDX underlines both a complex preparation process and the use of likely pigment recipes, mixing raw material with fatty or oily binders. Finally, the formal and stylistic analysis of the motifs portrayed at Les Dogues allowed us to explore the relationship between identified stylistic phases and black charcoal pigment use, raising new archaeological questions concerning the acquisition of know-how and the transfer of traditionally learned chaînes opératoires in Spanish Levantine rock art.

Crossing kingdoms: Using decellularized plants as perfusable tissue engineering scaffolds.

Despite significant advances in the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds for tissue engineering, delivery of nutrients in complex engineered human tissues remains a challenge. By taking advantage of the similarities in the vascular structure of plant and animal tissues, we developed decellularized plant tissue as a prevascularized scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Perfusion-based decellularization was modified for different plant species, providing different geometries of scaffolding. After decellularization, plant scaffolds remained patent and able to transport microparticles. Plant scaffolds were recellularized with human endothelial cells that colonized the inner surfaces of plant vasculature. Human mesenchymal stem cells and human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes adhered to the outer surfaces of plant scaffolds. Cardiomyocytes demonstrated contractile function and calcium handling capabilities over the course of 21 days. These data demonstrate the potential of decellularized plants as scaffolds for tissue engineering, which could ultimately provide a cost-efficient, "green" technology for regenerating large volume vascularized tissue mass.

The study of plant tissue by optical coherent microscopy method

The article presents the results of application of the optical coherent microscopy technique using a high-resolution automatic Linnik interference microscope to study the structure of plant tissues exemplified by surface periderm layers of a tuberous nightshade (solánum tuberosum) bulb. The results of 3D visualization of the structure of the sample under examination are provided. Scanning depth was 32 µm, with axial and lateral resolution of the device 1 µm.

Physiological influence of silica on germinating pollen as shown by Raman spectroscopy.

The process of silicification in plants and the biochemical effects of silica in plant tissues are largely unknown. To study the molecular changes occurring in growing cells that are exposed to higher than normal concentration of silicic acid, Raman spectra of germinating pollen grains of three species (Pinus nigra, Picea omorika, and Camellia japonica) were analyzed in a multivariate classification approach that takes into account the variation of biochemical composition due to species, plant tissue structure, and germination condition. The results of principal component analyses of the Raman spectra indicate differences in the utilization of stored lipids, a changed mobilization of storage carbohydrates in the pollen grain bodies, and altered composition and/or structure of cellulose of the developing pollen tube cell walls. These biochemical changes vary in the different species.