Structure Of Mats Research Articles

A Precisely Designed Composite Actuator with Directionally Fast Actuation, Non‐Contact Operation, and Obstacle‐Penetrating Triggering Ability Using Aligned Nanofibers and Alternating Magnetic Field

AbstractAn alternating magnetic field (AMF)‐induced electrospun fibrous composite actuator with functions of directionally fast actuation, non‐contact operation, and obstacle‐penetrating triggering is demonstrated in this paper for the first time. The porous structure of the electrospun fibrous mat and the built‐in heat source of Fe3O4 particles enable the actuator to have a curvature exceeding 0.4 mm−1 in only 6 s, and similar motions can be triggered even when the composite actuator is covered by a piece of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mat. By changing the angle between the fiber orientation and long axis of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐4‐acryloyloxybenzophenone) P(NIPAM‐ABP) fibrous mat, the direction of the actuator movement can be precisely controlled. With either a low loading amount of 5 wt% Fe3O4 particles in TPU or a low AFM of 0.5 kA m−1, it is difficult to initiate actuation, but an actuator with 10 or 15 wt% Fe3O4 particles in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in a 2.0 or 3.8 kA m−1 AFM can trigger the actuation effectively.

Ecotoxicological Evaluatation of Artisanal Effluents on Bacillus, Enterobacter, Amorphotheca, Cladosporium and Penicillium Species in Brackish Water

Aim: To assess the effect of the hydrocarbon discharges from the artisanal refineries on the community structure of microbial mats in an aquatic environment
 Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation.
 Place and Duration of Study: The microbial mats, surface water and sediments samples were collected from four hydrocarbon polluted stations (A, B, C and D) and a control sampling station in Yellow island (Iyalla kiri) in Degema Local Government Area, in Rivers state Nigeria. The samples were immediately transported with ice packs to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. The study lasted from March 2020 to February 2021, covering both wet and dry seasons.
 Methodology: Different concentrations of fresh effluent (0, 1.625, 3.25, 6.5, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75%) were prepared in test tubes to final volume of 10ml. Each of the test tubes was inoculated with one milliliter (1ml) of the test organism. Five sets of concentrations were prepared for the five test organisms (Bacillus subtillis MW808817, Enterobacter ludwigiiMW767009, Amorphotheca resinae EU040230, Cladosporium cladosporioides MW793722 and Penicillium chrysogenum MN184857). The organisms were exposed to the pollutant for duration of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours and plated out using spread plate technique. The cultures were incubated for 24 hours for bacteria and five days for fungi. Median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined using SPSS version 20.
 Results: The results showed that the percentage logarithm survival of the test organisms decreased with increase in exposure time and concentration. The LC50 of Bacillus subtillis MW808817 was 30.93%, Enterobacter ludwigii MW767009 was 29.74%, Amorphotheca resinae EU040230 was 19.65%,Cladosporium cladosporioides MW793722 was 20.08% and Penicillium chrysogenum MN184857 was 17.77%, (noting; the lower the LC50 the more toxic the pollutant).
 Conclusion: The effluent discharge was more toxic on Penicillium chrysogenum MN184857 than the other test organisms. Also, the ecotoxicological evaluation of the effluents on the test organisms isolated from the study area showed that LC50 of the effluent was slightly toxic on the microbial population when the results obtained were compared to GESAMP Standard for Toxicity Ranking of Chemicals/Effluents in Marine Environment.

Adapting a family-involved intervention to increase initiation and completion of evidenced-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is disabling condition among United States Veterans. Training programs for evidenced-based therapies have been rolled out nationally in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), but provider adoption of these treatments is limited and rates of Veteran dropout are high. Increasing support for mental health therapy within the Veteran's social network would improve treatment engagement. We discuss the adaptation of Recovery-Oriented Decisions for Relatives' Support (REORDER)—a family-based intervention for individuals with serious mental illness— to create Family Support in Mental Health Recovery (FAMILIAR), an intervention that seeks to strengthen support partners' abilities to help Veterans engage in therapy. Our goal was to apply modifications to meet the needs of Veterans with PTSD and their support partners. We used input from Veterans, support partners, clinicians and VA system leaders to inform the modifications. Then, a multi-disciplinary intervention development team met to determine which modifications would be applied and how. We used the domains from the Framework for Adaptations and Modification (FRAME) to systematically track and describe modifications. Adaptations made to REORDER included changes in content, structure, and delivery format. The resulting intervention, FAMILIAR, was a 3–4 session intervention beginning prior to EBP initiation and continuing through sessions 3, 4 or 5 of the EBP. Sessions were designed for maximum flexibility and could be offered either in-person or virtually, and sessions involve interactions between the interventionist with the Veteran and support partner alone and together. We learned the importance of including diverse stakeholder perspectives to develop a comprehensive understanding of the needs of the target population and the health system. While feasibility and effectiveness testing is needed, we applied a proactive adaptation approach that we anticipate will make FAMILIAR successful in addressing patient, clinical, and system considerations of a family approach to increase Veteran engagement in PTSD treatment.

Dynamic Attribute Tree for the Data Encryption and Third Party Auditing for Cloud Storage

Background: To reduce the burden of the users to perform cloud audits. The tree based key handling method provides the structure format of data and increases performance in the search process. Methods: The Dynamic Attribute Tree method is proposed for Third-Party auditing to encrypt the data based on its attribute. The attributes are stored in tree structure along with data and key that helps to effectively improve the dynamic update of the data in the cloud. Findings: The proposed Dynamic Attribute Tree method has 6.7milliseconds computation time for 100 blocks of data and the existing Merkel Tree method has 7.5milliseconds computation time. Novelty: The Novelty of the project is the Dynamic Attribute Tree method uses bilinear mapping to verify the integrity of the data without retrieving the actual data from the cloud. Keywords: Bilinear Mapping; Cloud audit; Cloud storage services; Dynamic Attribute Tree; and Third Party Auditing

Machine Learning Based Classification Algorithm for Classification of Dengue (Dengue Fever - DF, Dengue Harmonic Fever - DHF, Serve Dengue - SD)

Dengue is becoming a burden for society worldwide and become a challenge for the world. The main objective of this research paper is to classify dengue at an early stage. The author has adopted a methodology that is divided into five phases namely data collection, transmission of raw data in structural data format, data preprocessing, model building with train and test datasets, and prediction. Further, the proposed prediction model has been trained with the help of 250 data samples from primary sources, namely clinical labs and 1,000 data samples in the form of synthetic datasets adopted from 20 research papers. The proposed prediction model has been tested and validated with the help of comparative study of different machine learning algorithms, namely Decision Tree, Logistical Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Naïve Bayes, etc. The proposed model has achieved 97.39% accuracy, 0.98 precision, 0.97 recall, 0.97 F1 Score, 0.02 MS, and 0.14 RMSE.

Cultural Representations of Other-than-Human Nature

Cultural Representations of Other-than-Human Nature

The Mexican magnetic resonance imaging dataset of patients with cocaine use disorder: SUDMEX CONN

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a substance use disorder (SUD) characterized by compulsion to seek, use and abuse of cocaine, with severe health and economic consequences for the patients, their families and society. Due to the lack of successful treatments and high relapse rate, more research is needed to understand this and other SUD. Here, we present the SUDMEX CONN dataset, a Mexican open dataset of 74 CUD patients (9 female) and matched 64 healthy controls (6 female) that includes demographic, cognitive, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. MRI data includes: 1) structural (T1-weighted), 2) multishell high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted (DWI-HARDI) and 3) functional (resting state fMRI) sequences. The repository contains unprocessed MRI data available in brain imaging data structure (BIDS) format with corresponding metadata available at the OpenNeuro data sharing platform. Researchers can pursue brain variability between these groups or use a single group for a larger population sample.

ENIGMA HALFpipe: Interactive, reproducible, and efficient analysis for resting-state and task-based fMRI data.

The reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging has led to an increased demand for standardized data processing workflows. Within the ENIGMA consortium, we developed HALFpipe (Harmonized Analysis of Functional MRI pipeline), an open‐source, containerized, user‐friendly tool that facilitates reproducible analysis of task‐based and resting‐state fMRI data through uniform application of preprocessing, quality assessment, single‐subject feature extraction, and group‐level statistics. It provides state‐of‐the‐art preprocessing using fMRIPrep without the requirement for input data in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format. HALFpipe extends the functionality of fMRIPrep with additional preprocessing steps, which include spatial smoothing, grand mean scaling, temporal filtering, and confound regression. HALFpipe generates an interactive quality assessment (QA) webpage to rate the quality of key preprocessing outputs and raw data in general. HALFpipe features myriad post‐processing functions at the individual subject level, including calculation of task‐based activation, seed‐based connectivity, network‐template (or dual) regression, atlas‐based functional connectivity matrices, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), offering support to evaluate a combinatorial number of features or preprocessing settings in one run. Finally, flexible factorial models can be defined for mixed‐effects regression analysis at the group level, including multiple comparison correction. Here, we introduce the theoretical framework in which HALFpipe was developed, and present an overview of the main functions of the pipeline. HALFpipe offers the scientific community a major advance toward addressing the reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging, providing a workflow that encompasses preprocessing, post‐processing, and QA of fMRI data, while broadening core principles of data analysis for producing reproducible results. Instructions and code can be found at https://github.com/HALFpipe/HALFpipe.

Assessing author willingness to enter study information into structured data templates as part of the manuscript submission process: A pilot study

BackgroundEnvironmental health and other researchers can benefit from automated or semi-automated summaries of data within published studies as summarizing study methods and results is time and resource intensive. Automated summaries can be designed to identify and extract details of interest pertaining to the study design, population, testing agent/intervention, or outcome (etc.). Much of the data reported across existing publications lack unified structure, standardization and machine-readable formats or may be presented in complex tables which serve as barriers that impede the development of automated data extraction methodologies.As full automation of data extraction seems unlikely soon, encouraging investigators to submit structured summaries of methods and results in standardized formats with meta-data tagging of content may be of value during the publication process. This would produce machine-readable content to facilitate automated data extraction, establish sharable data repositories, help make research data FAIR, and could improve reporting quality. ObjectivesA pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of asking participants to summarize study methods and results using a structured, web-based data extraction model as a potential workflow that could be implemented during the manuscript submission process. MethodsEight participants entered study details and data into the Health Assessment Workplace Collaborative (HAWC). Participants were surveyed after the extraction exercise to ascertain 1) whether this extraction exercise will impact their conducting and reporting of future research, 2) the ease of data extraction, including which fields were easiest and relatively more problematic to extract and 3) the amount of time taken to perform data extractions and other related tasks. Investigators then presented participants the potential benefits of providing structured data in the format they were extracting. After this, participants were surveyed about 1) their willingness to provide structured data during the publication process and 2) whether they felt the potential application of structured data entry approaches and their implementation during the journal submission process should continue to be further explored. ConclusionsRoutine provision of structured data that summarizes key information from research studies could reduce the amount of effort required for reusing that data in the future, such as in systematic reviews or agency scientific assessments. Our pilot study suggests that directly asking authors to provide that data, via structured templates, may be a viable approach to achieving this: participants were willing to do so, and the overall process was not prohibitively arduous. We also found some support for the hypothesis that use of study templates may have halo benefits in improving the conduct and completeness of reporting of future research. While limitations in the generalizability of our findings mean that the conditions of success of templates cannot be assumed, further research into how such templates might be designed and implemented does seem to have enough chance of success that it ought to be undertaken.

Characterization and functionality of nanocomposite mats containing polyester, seashell, and silica aerogel using an electrospinning fabrication approach

Heat regulation and water resistance patterns are of great interest to the membrane industry. Herein, blends of environmentally friendly composites of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) modified with acrylic acid (MPBAT) and a mixed complex of silica aerogel powder (SAP) and seashell (oyster shell) [hereafter referred to as TSAP] nanocomposites were fabricated using an electrospinning process to create 100–500-nm antimicrobial fibers. The structure and functionality of the nanofiber mats were characterized. The PBAT mats showed high water absorption (lower water contact angle), poor thermal conductivity, and no antimicrobial activity. Compared with PBAT and PBAT/SAP mats, MPBAT/TSAP mats showed lower water absorption (higher water contact angle), better thermal conductivity, and good antimicrobial activity. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics coated with PBAT/SAP and MPBAT/TSAP mats were prepared; the fabrics exhibited good heat regulation. MPBAT/TSAP nanofiber mats showed good tensile strength and heat insulation capability, as well as water resistance and antimicrobial properties. The developed MPBAT/TSAP nanofibers can be mass-produced and are suitable for membrane products requiring variable degrees of heat regulation and antimicrobial protection.

Characteristics and evolution of the Etili silica sinter epithermal deposits, Çanakkale – Turkey: Relation to alkali chloride vs acid-sulfate fluids

The Oligo-Miocene Etili epithermal deposits are a well-preserved fossil geothermal system in the Çanakkale Region and is one of the largest fossil siliceous hot spring deposits of Turkey. Main E-W and NE-SW trending faults systems occur with minor NW-SE fracture systems perpendicular to the main faults. Silica-rich deposits are commonly observed in or on the calc-alkaline tuffs, ashes and pyroclastic rocks that were the products of the magmatism controlled by the extensional tectonic regime.The Etili epithermal system was examined at two representative locations including the Hamamtepe and Muratlar sites. Morphologies of the proximal apron were defined by lithofacies that included silica infiltrate, spring conduits, nodular and finely laminated geyserite, sinter clast breccia, silicified volcanic rocks, and epithermal veins. Microfossils were detected in mat structures developed in the proximal apron. The silica deposits have low abundances of altered mineral assemblages (e.g., kaolinite, halloysite, and alunite), which are otherwise commonly observed in the region. The origin of the Etili Fossil Silica Sinter Region (EFSSR) was constrained by using geochemical and isotopic data. δ18O and δD isotopic values of kaolinites ranged +9.4/+9.6 ‰; to 84/−74 ‰ respectively. δ18O isotopic values from siliceous and silicified samples ranged from 8.3 to 18.4 ‰, which shows two different formation types for the Etili Fossil Silica Sinter Region. We hypothesized hypogene origins for the kaolins and a mixed hypo/supergene origin for siliceous and silicified samples. The calculated model formation temperature from the δ18O values of the silica and siliceous samples is in the range of 63° to 140 °C. δ34S isotopic values of alunite ranged from −19.6 to +16.6 ‰, which also indicated two different sources that include magmatic hydrothermal and meteoric waters affected by bacterial activity. The timing of acid-sulphate alteration can be grouped into three periods by 40Ar/39Ar dating of alunites. These ages are: (A) 32.4 ± 1.2 to 22.6 ± 0.22 Ma in the Muratlar silica site, (B) 12.3 ± 0.3 to 15.2 ± 0.3 Ma in the northern part of the Hamamtepe site and (C) 5 ± 0.18 to 7 ± 0.3 Ma in the southern part of the Hamamtepe silica site. These consistent findings show that the emplacement periods of the Evciler pluton and the ages of alteration deposits are similar to each other. Silica sinters and geyser mounds represent very late stage near-neutral pH alkali chloride geothermal activities. The epithermal deposits in the EFSSR comprises a complex history of three different hydrothermal processes, each of which have different compositional and temporal emplacement periods related to the Evciler pluton.

Basic Academic Research Structure and Format Guiding Principles for Students

The main purpose of the guideline is to develop a basic academic research structure and format guiding principles for students with two specific objectives; to develop a coherent research structure and academic research format for the public universities in South Sudan. One hundred and seventeen dissertations were reviewed, and a total of 88 teaching staff were interviewed, giving 91% response rate. The dissertations were selected randomly, and teaching staff were selected purposively by virtue of their positions and availability. The validity and reliability of the instruments was ensured through pretesting, CVI, and triangulations. SPSS v22 was used to analyze data, both descriptive and thematic analysis were used. Permissions were sought from university administrations and one of the respondents before data collection. There is some significant variation on academic structure and format across the five universities in the republic of South Sudan. The research structural variations and inconsistencies were found in their contents and order of titles and subtitles of dissertations reviewed. In conclusion, this basic academic research guide is developed to set some standards and directions for students and their supervisors to complete the dissertation on time with less stress as it provides where to begin and the end. It will also enhance the objective grading of dissertations and evaluation levels of the university. The guideline will contribute to the development of consensus on academic research structure and format standards for students that will encourage young researchers to have an interest in research as a career.

Effective Natural Language Processing and Interpretable Machine Learning for Structuring CT Liver-Tumor Reports

In the past, the liver tumors were reported manually in an unstructured format. There actually exists much valuable knowledge in these reports for further disease risk assessment, disease recognition and treatment recommendation. Yet, it is not easy to read and mine knowledge from the unstructured reports. Hence, how to extract the knowledge from these biomedical reports effectively and efficiently has been a challenging issue in the past decades. Although a set of Natural Language Processing techniques were proposed for Bio-medical information retrieval, few related works were made on transforming the unstructured CT liver-tumor reports into structured ones. To aim at this issue, in this paper, we propose a two-stage report structuring method by integrating effective Natural Language Processing (NLP) and interpretable machine learning. For the first stage, the candidate keywords in unstructured reports are extracted. Next, the feature keywords are determined by the feature-selection technique. For the second stage, the well-known multi-classifiers are performed, and finally the reports are labeled in a refined structure format. Further, the factor keywords in the classification model are filtered to interpret the performance. In overall, the proposed report structuring method generates a hierarchical data structure, including the common features and refined features in the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> and 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> levels/stages, respectively. To reveal the performance of proposed method, a set of evaluations were conducted and the results show that, the proposed method is more promising than the fashion neural networks such as Bert (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

Fast delivery of melatonin from electrospun blend polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide (PVA/PEO) fibers

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Water-soluble polymers possess great advantages in current drug delivery systems, such as fast delivery through polymer matrix dissolution as well as promoting solid dispersion of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this work, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were blended (50/50) to electrospin with and without the incorporation of a model drug, melatonin (MLT), at various blend polymer concentrations. Results suggested that increasing blend PVA/PEO solution concentrations, up to 7 wt%, promoted the formation of smooth and defect-free drug-incorporating fibers with an average fiber diameter ranged from 300 to 700 nm. Mechanical properties of the blank and MLT-loaded PVA/PEO fibers showed dependence on fiber morphologies and fiber mat structures, due to polymer concentrations for electrospinning. Furthermore, the surface wettability of the blend PVA/PEO fibers were investigated and further correlated with the MLT release profile of the fibers. Results suggested that fiber mats with a more well-defined fiber structure promoted a linear release behavior within 10 minutes in vitro. These drug-incorporated fibers were compatible to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) up to 24 hours. In general, this work demonstrated the structure-property correlations of electrospun PVA/PEO fibers and their potential biomedical applications in fast delivery of small molecule drugs.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Stage-directing the Virtual Reality Experience: Developing a Theoretical Framework for Immersive Literacy

Despite the incremental improvement and inclusion of immersive technologies in entertainment, training simulation, fine art, inclusive design, academia, and education; Virtual Reality (VR) still faces issues regarding its ability to compete with films and animation in visual storytelling without merging into the realm of video games. In 2015, Pixar’s Ed Catmull warned moviemakers that Virtual Reality is “not storytelling” and argued that the linear aspect of narratives poses an obstacle that cannot be overcome with VR. In contrast, Catmull argued that VR has immense application in games. However, VR creators have been pushing the boundaries and possibilities of delivering narratives in virtual spaces. In 2019, the VR experience “Gloomy Eyes” was presented at the Sundance festivals featuring a 30-minute story split between 3 episodes. The simulation is structured to provide its audience with some degrees of freedom while guiding them intuitively through the virtual space. In 2021, Blue Zoo also released a VR project titled “The Beast” featuring a cyclist powering up a snow-covered mountain. The short film was entirely created in Quill VR with the intention of being treated like a theatrical play rather than a film. While the creators of “The Beast” have explicitly mentioned the influence of theatre, “Gloomy Eyes” draws its visual language from similar theatrical roots. This paper argues that VR has been mistakenly compared to film and animation when it should be associated with theatre. The audience of both are not passive as they are during the screening of a film or animation. The space and the medium demands participation through their presence in the same space with the actors/characters. Theatre presents a promising candidate for extracting criteria that could be used to develop a visual language for VR. This research aims to formulate a framework for developing a VR visual language through comparison between character-driven narratives in VR such as “Gloomy Eyes” and “The Beast”. The comparative study establishes overlapping criteria and characteristics found in the structure, literacy, sound, and delivery format of narratives in a theatrical performance. These criteria are then outlined and discussed, drawing from affordance theory and discussions on aural and visual attention in theatre, to form a holistic view in approaching VR literacy.

Robust Nanofiber Mats Exfoliated From Tussah Silk for Potential Biomedical Applications.

Nanofibers as elements for bioscaffolds are pushing the development of tissue engineering. In this study, tussah silk was mechanically disintegrated into nanofibers dispersed in aqueous solution which was cast to generate tussah silk fibroin (TSF) nanofiber mats. The effect of treatment time on the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of nanofiber mats was examined. SEM indicated decreasing diameter of the nanofiber with shearing time, and the diameter of the nanofiber was 139.7 nm after 30 min treatment. These nanofiber mats exhibited excellent mechanical properties; the breaking strength increased from 26.31 to 72.68 MPa with the decrease of fiber diameter from 196.5 to 139.7 nm. The particulate debris was observed on protease XIV degraded nanofiber mats, and the weight loss was greater than 10% after 30 days in vitro degradation. The cell compatibility experiment confirmed adhesion and spreading of NIH-3T3 cells and enhanced cell proliferation on TSF nanofiber mats compared to that on Bombyx mori silk nanofiber mats. In conclusion, results indicate that TSF nanofiber mats prepared in this study are mechanically robust, slow biodegradable, and biocompatible materials, and have promising application in regenerative medicine.

Effects of Principal Stress Rotations and Excess Pore-Water Pressure Changes on Soft Subgrade Deformation of Airfield Mat Structures under Pseudodynamic Loading

AbstractThe Airfield Mat 2 (AM2) matting system typically is employed as an expedient surface for airfields. It usually is emplaced over soft existing subgrades due to logistical, material, and equ...

Integration as a way to strengthen the competitive advantages of corporations

The formation, functioning and development of organisations in the conditions of modern realities focuses on the search for the most constructive and effective directions of their development, contributing to the strengthening of competitive advantages. In this direction, as a rule, measures are implemented aimed at adapting to the external and internal conditions of further development. Often, the activities implemented at the micro environment level are focused on cost optimisation, and at the macro environment level, the main attention is paid to strengthening the stability of inter-corporate relations. One of the modern approaches in this direction, which is quite common in economic practice, is the integration process aimed at obtaining a synergetic effect as an additional resource that contributes to strengthening the competitiveness of corporate structures in market conditions. In turn, integration processes determine the need to develop a systematic approach to management not only in the format of a specific corporate structure, but in general, in the format of an economic system consisting of several economic entities interconnected with each other. The purpose of this study is to systematise the management processes of corporate structures that are interconnected by the conditions of mutually beneficial cooperation.

Dynamic Compilation of Pattern based clustering and Volumetric Probabilistic Mining for Network Routing in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Objectives: The key objective is to investigate the current state of the art in web service prediction systems and also to improve the retrieving process with improved accuracy and to reduce the searching time. As well as to enhance the performance of data validation, quality of services and speed of the process. Method: In this study, an advanced model of the Dynamic Compilation of Pattern (DCP) method with a Lexical Subgroup (LS) system was used to estimate the similarity between the request data and the entire network. These are all indexed and grouped as a cluster to form a paged format of network structure which can reduce the computation time during the searching period. Also, with the help of prediction, the relevancy of feature attributes in the network is predicted, and the matching index is sorted to provide the recommended data for given request data. This was achieved by using Volumetric Probabilistic Mining (VPM). Findings: The performance of the proposed DCP-VPM is proved through extensive simulations and compared to those of the state-of-the-art methods. On the average, it is realized that the DCP-VPM always outperforms EACRP, ERP, ESUCR and ESAC related to minimizing average energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay at different number of clusters by 10.2%, 18.6%, 11.3%, 12.5% compared to EACRP, ERP, ESUCR and ESAC respectively. Proposed cluster-based routing technique out performs all other routing techniques. Novelty: Route based request prediction system was focused to predict and analyse data from the network. That is why enhanced clustering, distance-based similarity and retrieving mechanism are used. Irrelevant parameters removal and ordering are performed using DCP with LS system. Then nodes are processed for learning model using VPM prediction model. Finally, as the recommended result for the routing application, the matched data that is related to the request input is listed. Keywords: Dynamic Compilation of Pattern; Lexical Subgroup system; Volumetric Probabilistic Mining; Request prediction; Cognitive Radio

The Drug Release Kinetics and Anticancer Activity of the GO/PVA-Curcumin Nanostructures: The Effects of the Preparation Method and the GO Amount.

The Graphene Oxide (GO) incorporated polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA-SA) composites with curcumin were prepared by the solvent casting and electro-spinning techniques. The GO was incorporated into PVA-SA nano-fiber and film matrixes, and the performance of these nano-composites as drug carriers was investigated. The effects of production method (film or mat) and GO amount on the water absorption properties and delivery of curcumin behaviors were investigated. The swelling and releasing were studied at the specific interval times in deionized water and phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4), respectively. The release kinetics was evaluated to find a suitable mechanism of the release. Finally, the anticancer activity of composite nano-fibers on the cancer cells was investigated. The XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed nanocomposites structures, and the successful incorporation was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that addition of the GO to PVA/SA decreased swelling ratio of the films (up to 31%) and increased the swelling ratio of the mats (up to 37.5%). However, for both film and mat, increasing of the GO amount reduced the curcumin release. Drug release decreasing up to 22.5% was observed for film, while a very high release decreasing up to about 70% was seen for mat. Also, both film and mat structures showed significant anti-cancer activity on MCF-7 cells. The lower cell viability was about 40 and 30% for film and mat, respectively. The kinetics evaluations suggested a Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Fickian controlled drug release.