Structure Theory Research Articles

Концептуальный и понятийный анализы: общий подход

The paper suggests distinguishing between the methodologies of conceptual analysis and notional analysis. The differ-ence lies in how the notion and concept are interpreted. In the paper, a notion is viewed as an individual opinion or un-derstanding of something, whereas a concept represents a general notion or abstract idea. It is assumed that many simi-lar concepts exist with varying scopes and contents. A concept is treated as an objectified notion developed and solidi-fied through social experience. The primary representation of the results of established conceptual analysis methods is shown to be a semantic network, where the vertices are concepts and the arcs represent relationships between them. However, it is noted that classical set theory and semantic networks are insufficient to formalize notions and concepts; instead, the theory of structures must be employed. Conceptual analysis is described as a technique for synthesizing formal concept descriptions using Boolean and Cartesian construction operations. The challenges of applying concep-tual analysis within the framework of the theory of structures are outlined. The development of notional analysis is linked to the demand for precise, unambiguous, and consistent notion descriptions, driven by the variability of their properties. Notional analysis is defined as a method for formal normal descriptions using generalization and associa-tion operations. Generalization entails combining notions such that the entities of the generalized notions become enti-ties of the resulting notion. Association involves merging notions, with each entity of the resulting notion including one entity from each of the associated notions. Notional analysis addresses issues encountered when describing concepts using a corpus-based approach by generating diverse descriptions of notions. It is demonstrated that both conceptual and notional analyses are rooted in the theory of structures. The paper identifies areas where these analyses are effec-tively applied and provides an example of using notional analysis in the design of a technical device.

Balancing act: Europeans' privacy calculus and security concerns in online CSAM detection

This study examines privacy calculus in online child sexual abuse material (CSAM) detection across Europe, using Flash Eurobarometer 532 data. Drawing on theories of structuration and risk society, we analyze how individual agency and institutional frameworks interact in shaping privacy attitudes in high-stakes digital scenarios. Multinomial regression reveals age as a significant individual-level predictor, with younger individuals prioritizing privacy more. Country-level analysis shows Central and Eastern European nations have higher privacy concerns, reflecting distinct institutional and cultural contexts. Notably, the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) shows a positive association with privacy concerns in regression models when controlling for Augmented Human Development Index (AHDI) components, contrasting its negative bivariate correlation. Life expectancy emerges as the strongest country-level predictor, negatively associated with privacy concerns, suggesting deep institutional mechanisms shape privacy attitudes beyond individual factors. This dual approach reveals that both individual factors and national contexts are shaping privacy calculus in CSAM detection. The study contributes to a better understanding of privacy calculus in high-stakes scenarios, with implications for policy development in online child protection.

Онтологическая безопасность: генезис, применение в международных отношениях и исследованиях многосторонности и минилатерализма

Why is minilateralism “exclusive, flexible, resilient, and functional” by nature? This article seeks to understand how these elements are constructed in the paradigm of cooperation in a minilateral format. It is emphasized that the concept of ontological security was originally formulated by R.D. Laing in the 1960s, becoming a com-ponent of the therapeutic approach to patients suffering from schizoid disorders and simultaneously part of the anti-psychiatric movement. In the 1980s, E. Giddens reinterpreted ontological security in his structuration theo-ry. In the 2000s, Brent J. Steele and J. Mitzen pioneered the application of ontological security in international relations, focusing on global politics, conflict, and security studies. Recently, Nina S. Krickel-Choi has redefined ontological security, reviving some aspects of its theoretical foundation. Accordingly, the author assesses and interprets ontological security in terms of multilateralism and minilateralism with the aim of rethinking the para-digm of minilateral cooperation.

A review of the applicability of the main theories of financial structure to Spanish worker cooperatives

ABSTRACT The dominant financial theories have been developed, mainly, under the schemes of large capitalist corporations, overlooking the special configuration of personalist corporations or societies such as worker cooperatives. As a consequence, the possibility of extrapolating to cooperative enterprises the findings of research focusing on understanding the financial dynamics of commercial companies is limited. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out specific studies that delve into their singularities, given that these may affect the applicability of the most relevant theories in the field of financial structure decisions, such as the ‘trade-off’ or ‘pecking order’ theories. Thus, this study concludes, based on a deductive analysis, that the behaviour of Spanish worker cooperative corporations requires certain relevant nuances to be understood with respect to the assumptions of these theories and that any financial research on worker cooperatives should consider these carefully.

Business Model Innovation through AI Adaptation: The Role of Strategic Human Resources Management

AbstractWhile artificial intelligence (AI) requires business model innovation, it simultaneously poses persistent operational, regulatory and strategic challenges, highlighting the importance of researching AI adaptation to appropriate organizational value. AI adaptation is not monolithic, and its nature and consequent value appropriation processes may vary due to external factors and an organization's strategic approach to innovation and resource management. Accordingly, a taxonomy of AI adaptation and its link with value appropriation can yield a theoretical understanding and practical implications of why and how organizations vary in leveraging strategic human resource management to shape business innovation led by AI adaptation. In this paper, we address this issue by applying adaptive structuration theory and conducting interviews with top management personnel from 51 companies based in India. Based on our findings, we develop a novel taxonomy of AI adaptation (exploitive, exploratory, emancipatory and expedient), structured within a 2 × 2 matrix and a robust model of value appropriation within a dynamic business environment.

Addressing Legal Gap in Creditor Safeguards for Mortgage-Backed Loans

This article studies the legal gap in creditor safeguards for mortgage-backed loans, focusing on substantive, structural, and cultural aspects of Indonesia’s legal system. Substantive challenges arise from gaps in the legislative framework, such as the rigid timelines stipulated in Law No. 4 of 1996 on Mortgage Rights, which often fail to account for practical delays in land registration processes. Structural gap, including inefficiencies in bureaucratic structures, limited capacity of the National Land Agency, and inconsistent oversight of Land Deed Officials, further hinder the implementation of creditor protections. These issues are compounded by cultural and normative barriers, such as the lack of legal awareness among debtors, permissive attitudes toward loan defaults, and societal acceptance of non-compliance with financial responsibilities. The article applies Lawrence M. Friedman’s theory of legal structures, highlighting the interplay between structure, substance, and culture, to analyse the factors contributing to these gaps. Recommendations include modernizing Indonesia’s land registration processes through reliable electronic structures, strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing oversight mechanisms, and fostering a culture of legal compliance among stakeholders. Additionally, promoting the use of authentic deeds in credit agreements and improving coordination between agencies are proposed as measures to reduce risks for creditors. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive legal and institutional reforms to address these gaps, ensuring greater legal certainty and protection for creditors. By addressing these challenges, Indonesia can foster a more secure financial environment that supports economic growth while safeguarding the interests of creditors and other stakeholders in mortgage-backed transactions. This article contributes to the broader discourse on improving legal frameworks in emerging economies, particularly in the context of financial and property rights.

Study on the construction of multi-level protection system for non-emergency transfer under the perspective of structuring

IntroductionThe non-emergency transfer multi-level protection system is a pivotal livelihood endeavor in China, serving as a vital diversified component within the robust framework of a Chinese-style modern social security system. This system faces various challenges, including displacement of emergency capacity by non-emergency demands, uneven allocation of transfer resources, service quality variations, inadequate management structures, limited regulatory frameworks, and social acceptance issues.MethodsLeveraging structural theory, this study analyzes the primary issues in the current implementation of China’s non-emergency transfer security system. A structured approach is employed to investigate these challenges and propose solutions.ResultsThe study identifies key areas for improvement in the non-emergency transfer security system. It highlights the need for an enhanced internal resource allocation mechanism to boost service efficiency, skilled workforce development to improve service quality, optimized management systems and coordination mechanisms to strengthen patient confidence in recovery, and strengthened comprehensive information technology management for market oversight.DiscussionThe proposed structured approach aims to foster sustainable development of the non-emergency transfer security system within a positive feedback loop. The recommendations aim to address the identified challenges and enhance the overall effectiveness of the system. By improving resource allocation, workforce skills, management systems, and information technology, the study suggests fostering deeper emotional engagement and connections, ultimately contributing to the system’s long-term success.

Parametric modeling and optimal design of wind turbine blade structure

The lightweight design of the wind turbine blades plays an essential role in the stable operation of wind turbines, and the structural layout and layup design have a profound influence on the total weight of the blade. However, the blade structure partition is complex, and the parametric modeling and the interaction difficulties lead to increased computational cost, which makes it impossible to quantify the complete parametric modeling of the main structural components of the blade. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an optimization method based on structural parametric modeling for the wind turbine blade optimization framework. The method firstly adopts a structural parameterization method based on a two-dimensional matrix representation and layup parameter model to achieve the complete parametric modeling of the structural components of a particular 1.5 MW blade. Then, the strength and deformation calculation of the parametric model of the blade was carried out using the thin-walled structural mechanics direct stress theory. Finally, the thin-walled structural mechanics direct stress theory is combined with a genetic algorithm to carry out the structural optimization of the blade with the minimum total mass of the blade as the optimization objective, the blade tip deflection, and the maximum stress failure criterion in the fiber direction as the constraint conditions. The optimization results show that under the premise of satisfying the strength and stiffness of the blade, the total mass of the blade after optimization using the optimization method decreases by about 6%, which verifies the effectiveness of the optimization method in this paper.

Clustering of buoyant tracer in quasi-geostrophic coherent structures

We have investigated the dynamics of floating tracer in an idealised turbulent quasi-geostrophic ocean by advecting Lagrangian particles in a high-resolution velocity field enhanced by the potential flow associated with vortex stretching. At first order in the Rossby number expansion, this component of the ageostrophic circulation can be derived through a diagnostic equation in terms of the geostrophic velocities. Borrowing methods from the theory of Lagrangian coherent structures, we identify coherent material loops around strong vortex cores using the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD). Building on studies of clustering in kinematic, stochastic velocity fields, we utilise methods from statistical topography to show that the coherent vortices dominate the distribution of extreme values of the concentration field. We find that the presence of clusters and voids in a coherent vortex depends on more than just the sense of rotation, but also on the full evolution of the vorticity over its lifecycle. We identify the mechanism behind the cluster formation that respects the symmetries of the quasi-geostrophic equations but can be expected to hold robustly in more complicated regimes, due to the simple physical description. The association of cluster formation with vortex stretching implies that LAVD is a particularly relevant metric for floating tracer dynamics. The detection of intense clustering also has implications for reaction rates between ocean-borne flotsam, meaning that our results are relevant to understanding the general risk of floating microplastics and marine biological populations.

Event‐Based Prescribed‐Time Containment Control for Multiple Euler–Lagrange Systems via Super‐Twisting Sliding Mode

ABSTRACTThis article designs a distributed dynamic event‐triggered prescribed‐time sliding mode controller to tackle the containment control problem of multiple Euler–Lagrange systems (MELSs) with external disturbances and strict requirements on response speed. Unlike previous super‐twisting methods that achieve finite‐time control, this paper replaces the constant term in the time scaling function with a variable term and incorporates it into the design of the controller and dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM), achieving prescribed‐time control (PTC), enhancing system robustness and reducing controller updates. Based on the sliding mode variable structure theory and PTC theory, a non‐linear sliding manifold is devised for the purpose of ensuring the convergence of containment error to zero within a prescribed time. The prescribed‐time super‐twisting sliding mode control (PTSTC) protocol is designed to ensure the prescribed‐time reachability of the sliding manifold, while attenuating chattering during the control process. The prescribed time can be set arbitrarily. To minimize the frequency of controller updates and the losses of the actuator, a DETM is deployed in the controller‐to‐actuator channel. Moreover, the absence of the Zeno phenomenon within a prescribed time is derived. Error signals are proven to converge to zero within a prescribed time using the Lyapunov stability theory and prescribed‐time stability criteria. Ultimately, a simulation of a manipulator system indicates that the designed controller effectively drives the containment error to converge to zero. Meanwhile, the number of triggers is reduced by more than 50% when the controller framework involves DETM compared to static event‐triggered mechanisms.

High sensitivity tapered fiber refractive index biosensor using hollow gold nanoparticles

A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor based on tapered optical fiber (TOF) using hollow gold nanoparticles (HAuNPs) for measuring the refractive index (RI) is presented. This optical fiber sensor is a good candidate for a label-free RI biosensor. In practical biosensors, bioreceptors are immobilized on nanoparticles (NPs) that only absorb specific biomolecules. The binding of these biomolecules to the receptors changes the local RI around the sensor and this change is detected by the transmittance spectrum of the fiber. Fast, accurate, easy and low-cost disease diagnosis are the advantages of optical fiber biosensors. In this paper, the structure theory is reviewed and the sensor is simulated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the finite element method (FEM) and the effect of the thickness and diameter of the HAuNPs and the waist diameter of the TOF is investigated. For the structure with HAuNPs thickness (2.5 nm), diameter (50 nm), and the fiber waist diameter of 10 μm, the wavelength sensitivity of 489.8 nm/RIU and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm are obtained, which are better than those specifications in some other LSPR fiber sensors. In addition, the sensitivity of the sensor increases about 2–3 times compared to those of sensors with the same structure. Although there are many parameters in human blood that can change its RI, in practical work, the special bioreceptors on the sensor can deactivate other markers except the specific cancer markers, which changes the effective RI. Therefore, this optical fiber sensor is used for label-free detecting the RI of cancer cells and can be used as a biosensor for the detection of early stages of cancers in a non-invasive way, just using human blood samples.

Constrained Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Transition State Theory Using Energy Surfaces with Nuclear Quantum Effects.

Hydrogen-atom transfer is crucial in a myriad of chemical and biological processes, yet the accurate and efficient description of hydrogen-atom transfer reactions and kinetic isotope effects remains challenging due to significant quantum effects on hydrogenic motion, especially tunneling and zero-point energy. In this paper, we combine transition state theory (TST) with the recently developed constrained nuclear-electronic orbital (CNEO) theory to propose a new transition state theory denoted CNEO-TST. We use CNEO-TST with CNEO density functional theory (CNEO-DFT) to predict reaction rate constants for two prototypical gas-phase hydrogen-atom transfer reactions and their deuterated isotopologic reactions. CNEO-TST is similar to conventional TST except that it employs constrained minimized energy surfaces to include zero-point energy and shallow tunneling effects in the effective potential. We find that the new theory predicts reaction rates quite accurately at room temperature. The effective potential surface must be generated by CNEO theory rather than by ordinary electronic structure theory, but because of the favorable computational scaling of CNEO-DFT, the cost is economical even for large systems. Our results show that dynamics calculations with this approach achieve accuracy comparable to variational TST with a semiclassical multidimensional tunneling transmission coefficient at and above room temperature. Therefore, CNEO-TST can be a useful tool for rate prediction, even for reactions involving highly quantal motion, such as many chemical and biochemical reactions involving transfers of hydrogen atoms, protons, or hydride ions.

Codas are universally moraic

Abstract Mismatches in weight criteria across weight-sensitive processes within individual languages present difficulties for theories of moraic structure, particularly regarding coda weight. Previous accounts, which stipulate that codas are variably moraic to account for the typological variation in the weight status of CVC for primary stress, make incorrect predictions for the status of CVC in other weight-sensitive phenomena, including tone, word minimality and secondary stress, among others. This article proposes a theory of Uniform Moraic Quantity coupled with a new syllable weight metric as a solution, which captures CVC’s flexible weight status while maintaining the cross-linguistic moraicity of codas and avoiding the incorrect predictions that frustrate the standard variable-weight approach.

Associations among externalizing psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits: Models of an externalizing spectrum in youth.

Consistent evidence has documented the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of externalizing psychopathology with personality and behavioral traits, suggesting the presence of a broad, underlying liability to externalizing. In one of the first studies of its kind, we use a large, representative sample of youth (N = 2,245 twins and their siblings) to evaluate the evidence of an externalizing spectrum model, which includes psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits and spans normal and pathological variation. We examine evidence for the inclusion of 15 candidate traits, from the domains of general and pathological personality, temperament, and aggression, in a model that includes dimensions of common childhood externalizing psychopathology. Using a combination of structural equation modeling and item response theory analyses, we found strong to moderate evidence for including the narcissism and impulsivity dimensions of psychopathic traits; reactive, proactive, and relational aggression; and agreeableness and conscientiousness from the five-factor model of personality. These traits were reliable indicators of the externalizing spectrum, as evidenced by their shared variance with externalizing symptoms, strong factor loadings, and high information. In addition, these traits indexed the externalizing spectrum at higher and lower levels of the latent trait relative to the symptoms alone, highlighting the value of including them. Many of our findings replicate and extend work conducted in adult samples, suggesting developmental continuity of externalizing. Broadly speaking, these findings have important implications for the conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of externalizing in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

A model structure and Hopf-cyclic theory on the category of coequivariant modules over a comodule algebra

A model structure and Hopf-cyclic theory on the category of coequivariant modules over a comodule algebra

Enhanced catalytic transfer hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol using formaldehyde: MnO2-supported Ag nanohybrids with tuned d-band structure.

The catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) to p-aminophenol (4-AP) is important in fine chemical synthesis, especially in the pharmaceutical, dye, and agrochemical industries. Sustainable methods are increasingly prioritized in these fields. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using formaldehyde (HCHO) as a hydrogen donor presents a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative due to its low-toxicity by-products and ease of handling. In this study, we developed manganese dioxide (MnO2)-supported silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient catalyst for the CTH of 4-NP using HCHO. The MnO2 support prevents the agglomeration of Ag NPs and acts as an electron-acceptor matrix, enhancing the adsorption and activation of HCHO and facilitating the formation of active hydrogen (H*). Structural characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed electron transfer from Ag to MnO2 in the Ag/MnO2 nanohybrids, driven by their distinct work functions. This electron transfer results in a depletion of electrons in the Ag 4d orbitals, shifting its valence configuration from 4d10 to 4d10-x, creating electron-deficient Ag sites that promote HCHO activation, thereby improving the CTH process. The optimized 15% Ag/MnO2 catalyst demonstrated enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of 4-NP with HCHO, achieving a turnover frequency of 3.83min-1. This study highlights the potential of Ag-based nanohybrids in improving catalytic performance for HCHO-assisted CTH by tuning the d-band structure with suitable oxide supports.

Data-efficient fine-tuning of foundational models for first-principles quality sublimation enthalpies.

Calculating sublimation enthalpies of molecular crystal polymorphs is relevant to a wide range of technological applications. However, predicting these quantities at first-principles accuracy - even with the aid of machine learning potentials - is a challenge that requires sub-kJ mol-1 accuracy in the potential energy surface and finite-temperature sampling. We present an accurate and data-efficient protocol for training machine learning interatomic potentials by fine-tuning the foundational MACE-MP-0 model and showcase its capabilities on sublimation enthalpies and physical properties of ice polymorphs. Our approach requires only a few tens of training structures to achieve sub-kJ mol-1 accuracy in the sublimation enthalpies and sub-1% error in densities at finite temperature and pressure. Exploiting this data efficiency, we perform preliminary NPT simulations of hexagonal ice at the random phase approximation level and demonstrate a good agreement with experiments. Our results show promise for finite-temperature modelling of molecular crystals with the accuracy of correlated electronic structure theory methods.

BUILDING INDIGENOUS HEALTH: INSIGHTS FROM INDIGENOUS ADULTS ON KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract Over half of the older population faces inadequate dietary intake, posing higher risks of geriatric syndromes like frailty and sarcopenia. This community-based participatory research (CBPR) co-created a nutrition and cooking workshop in a Taiwanese Indigenous community. Employing the photovoice method alongside focus groups and individual interviews with 16 participants, we sought to understand the older Indigenous adults’ dietary patterns. Nutbeam’s health literacy model (2000) and Giddens’ structuration theory (1984) guided data analysis and conceptualization of food literacy construction in the Indigenous land. Four main themes emerged. First, ‘knowledge integration’ represents the conversation between traditional and scientific food/nutrition knowledge, strengthening functional food literacy to address health concerns. Second, ‘Indigenous adaptive strategies’ demonstrate their ability to apply food knowledge meaningfully in daily life, representing interactive food literacy. Third, ‘awareness of advanced nutrition literacy’ demonstrates the older adults’ ability to evaluate personal diets and critically reflect on the need for better health, representing critical food literacy. These food literacy constructs are iterative and interactive. Lastly, work is central to Indigenous life, shaping their identity and a sense of achievement, motivating older adults’ adaptive strategies and pursuing advanced nutrition literacy. However, the middle-aged population is less likely to attend health promotion activities due to work. Indigenous adaptive strategies reflect human agency’s potential to reproduce individual food ecosystems and healthcare practice systems within the community, overcoming structural barriers. CBPR can foster a sense of ownership among participants, enabling them to engage healthy behaviors as their personal priorities and take active initiatives toward better health.

In Search of Better Options: An Ethnographic Inquiry of Migrants from Bharse, Gulmi, Nepal

This is an extended abstract of my doctoral research, which explored the experiences of migrants seeking better opportunities both within their community of origin and beyond. It examined how migrants sought better opportunities in their community of origin and established their social positionality in new cultural contexts while navigating opportunities, challenges, and future aspirations that have received little academic attention. The purpose was to uncover how migrants faced challenges and developed strategies for the future as they pursued better prospects across multiple locations. To understand this phenomenon, four research questions: a) how do migrants experience detachment while maintaining social networks with their community of origin? b) how do they establish their positionality in new communities? c) how do they perceive both opportunities and constraints? and d) how do they develop strategies for the future? were formulated. Drawing on relevant literature, I used structuration and social capital theories to interpret the stories of migrants from Bharse who have settled in Butwal, Kathmandu, Hong Kong, and London. I employed an ethnographic approach within the interpretative paradigm. The findings indicated that, whether in their community of origin or destination, migrants consistently seek better options for an improved life. My research results will be useful to researchers, policymakers, think tanks, students, and academics who are focused on migration issues.

Social Impact of Converting Rice Field Agricultural Land into Housing

Land conversion refers to the shift in the use or function of land, which has become increasingly common due to population growth and the rising demand for housing, food, and infrastructure. In Pesawaran Regency, particularly in Mada Jaya Village, the conversion of rice fields into housing presents both procedural challenges and significant social impacts. This study examines the process of land conversion and its social consequences, focusing on two key questions: how the conversion process is carried out and what social impacts arise from it. This study applies Talcott Parsons' functional structural theory using the AGIL framework, supported by legal analysis and field studies, to offer practical insights into sustainable land management. The findings reveal that while land conversion should follow legal procedures, such as obtaining a Location Permit (IPPT) and land use transfer permits—discrepancies occur in practice. Some agricultural land has been pre-filled with soil, classifying it as productive land and making it ineligible for conversion permits. The social impacts include reduced food availability, unemployment, and economic instability, despite some landowners benefiting from land sales. To address these challenges, stricter enforcement of regulations, community participation, and support programs for displaced workers are needed. Economic diversification, such as small business development and agro-tourism, is also recommended.