Characteristics Of Structural System Research Articles

Methodological approaches to the development of linguistic personality: structure, formation ways, social and cultural components

Relevance. The motivation to learn a language and form a new linguistic identity is more relevant than ever since languages, more and less spread, are the means of communication in the modern globalised world. Purpose. The aim of the article was to outline the model of its formation, with the steps to achieve it, which include considering the structure of the phenomenon, recognising the ways of language identity formation, determining the approaches to its formation, and also to single out the important components. Methodology. The study used the basic methods of knowledge: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and general scientific methods: generalisation, abstraction, classification, modelling, structural method, and method of analytic and synthetic processing of information. Results. The notion of linguistic personality has been defined, and approaches to describing its structure have been studied. It is pointed out that the development of linguistic personality is based on the specific structure of the concept of learning and the cultural potential inherent in it. An algorithm for the formation of a certain linguocultural type of linguistic personality is outlined, which supposes the allocation of conceptual, image-perceptual, and value aspects, and the presence of an important sociocultural component. It is highlighted that the basic element of the mentioned element is filled with ethnically specific components, defined as “the cultural potential of a linguistic personality”. It's also emphasised, that the theory of evolution of Kazakh linguistic personality needs to fill in its structural system characteristics, constructed on the basis of the results of the study of Kazakh linguistics. Conclusions. The valuable content in ethnolinguistics, ethnopedagogy, history, culturology, etc., that preserves and enriches the Kazakh culture, is established, from where the material should be derived. The article is of interest to linguists, who study linguistic personality, culturologists, educators, and sociologists.

Effect of caseinate salt addition on the structural characteristics of kefiran systems.

Sodium caseinates-kefiran systems were studied to explore whether any potential interactions between them might exist. The study was performed using low-deformation rheological techniques, which were dynamic and creep tests. The systems were prepared under various experimental conditions such as heating and acidification. Besides, the structure development of the systems in relation to time was also monitored using oscillatory shear rheometry. The results indicated that the structural characteristics of the systems were mainly affected by the state of the caseinates such as the formation of aggregates and to a lesser degree by the interactions of kefiran molecules with the caseinates. Freeze-thaw treatment produced cryogels with good thermal stability and fairly satisfactory mechanical properties. The morphology of the caseinate-kefiran systems was also investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Modal characteristics of a scaling stratospheric airship in still air

As one of the most crucial and intrinsic characteristics of structural systems, modal analysis has received considerable attention in aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering. A traditional approach of modal identification involves linear perturbation of the solid structure alone. However, the modal behaviors of flexible stratospheric airships are greatly influenced by surrounding air and prestress, and the accurate modal identification remains a challenge. In this paper, the modal characteristics of a scaling stratospheric airship in still air are thoroughly investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The 3D testing comprehensively revealed the full-field modal characteristics, while the 1D testing served as a supplement and validation for the frequency results. The global vibration contours stitched by four regions indicate that the first four modes of the airship under 2∼10 kPa pressure are all breathing modes. Furthermore, a refined fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model based on the potential fluid theory was built with ADINA software. It is found that the numerical model can give satisfactory results for the first mode with a 1.05% error, but errors for higher-order modes may exceed 10%. Besides, the air domain significantly decreases the modal frequency of the airship. The maximum error of the first-order frequency neglecting the air amounts to 32.25%.

Design sensitivity analysis of structural systems with damping devices subjected to fully non-stationary stochastic seismic excitations

In the framework of dynamic excitations to be considered during the design phase of structures, the most crucial one is the ground motion acceleration. To increase the structural performances against seismic actions, one of the most effective design criteria is to introduce damping devices.An efficient approach to define the optimal parameters of the damping system is based on the design sensitivity analysis, which provides a quantitative estimate of desirable design change, by relating the available design variables.In this paper a method to evaluate the sensitivities of stochastic response characteristics of structural systems with damping devices subjected to seismic excitations, modelled as fully non-stationary Gaussian stochastic processes, is proposed. The main steps are: i) to define the time–frequency varying response (TFR) function for non-classically damped systems; ii) to evaluate closed form solutions for the first-order derivatives of the TFR function as well as of the one-sided evolutionary power spectral density function of the structural response, with respect to damping parameters of devices; iii) to perform a design sensitivity analysis selecting as performance measure function the non-geometric spectral moments of nodal displacements.A numerical application demonstrates how the proposed approach is suitable to cope with practical problems of engineering interest.

Design and analysis of bridge microstructure under the condition of large-scale geographical environment

The design and analysis of bridge microstructure are two indispensable parts of bridge construction and maintenance and the two always complement each other throughout bridge's life cycle. Furthermore, bridge microstructure design and analysis under large-scale geographic environment are more complicated. In order to ensure bridges' safe construction and normal traffic under this environmental condition, it is necessary to find a suitable microstructure and use a scientific classification method to analyze it. Under large-scale geographic condition, the design and analysis of bridge microstructure should be planned from multiple steps after construction party puts forward bridge planning and construction goals. The stability of bridge engineering geology should give more consideration to the feedback mechanism of internal structural system characteristics for microstructure design and analysis, and must have a geographical viewpoint. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounds the current research status and significance of large-scale geographic environment, elaborates the development background, current status and future challenges of bridge microstructure design and analysis, introduces the methods and principles of single-degree-of-freedom energy structure reaction and the dynamic microstructure characteristics, constructs bridge microstructure model, conducts bridge microstructure data analysis, performs bridge microstructure design under large-scale geographical environment condition, proposes the combined analysis of load effect, discusses the optimization analysis of structural topology, puts forward the bridge microstructure analysis under large-scale geographic environment condition, and finally carries out a simulation experiment and its result analysis. The study results show that when the large-scale geographic environment is divided into regular rectangular plots, the bridge microstructure can maintain its design cohesion, and the stretch and continuity of those plots and bridge convey a strong sense of structure. Microstructure parameters represent the stiffness caused by the average properties of cross-sectional materials of bridge microstructure. For a uniform classical continuous microstructure, the design can accurately describe bridge's bending resistance. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the design and analysis of bridge microstructures under the condition of large-scale geographic environment.

Influences of structural system characteristics on the dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting response of multi-tower cable-stayed bridge

This study explores the dynamic characteristics and the nonlinear wind-induced buffeting response of the bridge based on a six-tower cable-stayed bridge, the Jiashao Bridge. The effect of structural system characteristics (number of anchor piers and different conditions of longitudinal constraints) on the dynamic characteristics and the wind-induced buffeting performance of multi-tower cable-stayed bridges has been studied in detail. The analysis indicates that the different amounts of anchor piers have a limited effect on changing the overall stiffness of the bridge, but have an obvious effect on the buffeting displacement response of the side spans to which they belong. As for the condition of longitudinal constraints between the girder and towers, it mainly changes the vertical and transverse bending stiffness of the girder which means with the enhancement of the longitudinal constraints, the bending stiffness of the girder increases, and meanwhile significantly influence the transverse buffeting response of the girder.

A 3-D Ultrasound Wearable Array Prognosis System With Advanced Imaging Capabilities.

In the last few decades, the medical and healthcare scientific communities have focused their attention on the use or development of real-time monitoring devices and remote control systems. New generations of wearable, portable, and implantable devices offer better and more accurate measurements/prognosis for those that suffer from diseases and/or disabilities. Thus, there are still challenging issues of current ultrasound imaging (USI) systems, such as low-quality ultrasound images, slow time response to emergencies, and location-based operation. Thus, in response to these challenges, we present a new low-cost, portable/wearable 3-D array ultrasound prognosis system with advanced imaging capabilities that offer high-resolution (HR) accurate results in a near real-time response. The USI unique features are based on 2-D array transducers with 3-D overlapping capabilities and a new image enhancement methodology compatible with the system's structural characteristics to compensate for any loss of image quality. This system will offer an alternative way of ultrasound examination, independent of the radiologist's skills, that is, a system to be capable of automatic scanning of the volume of interest (VOI) without the guidance of the radiologist.

A Study on the Long-Term Measurement Data Analysis of Existing Cable Stayed Bridge Using ARX Model

Various sensors have been installed in cable-stayed bridges to monitor the behavior of structures and external conditions. These sensors alert the administrator to take appropriate action when an abnormal signal is detected. Although inherent meaningful information about the history of structural responses in long-term accumulated measurement data are available, the methodology for utilizing such data in the long-term point of view has not yet been established. Structural response is determined by the mechanical principle of external loads and the structural system characteristics. Assuming that structural responses have a certain pattern in a constant condition, the state of the structure can be estimated to have changed or not through an analysis of the pattern variation of the measured data. This study utilizes the temperature and displacement data of a cable-stayed bridge to analyze the pattern variation of the measurement data. An autoregressive model is used to define the pattern of the time series data. A pattern model is then constructed with the data adopted as a reference for comparison. The compared data are applied to the pattern model to simulate the data reflecting the reference data pattern. Subsequently, the simulated data are compared with the actual data, and the pattern difference is computed through the error discriminant index.

Full-scale cyclic test of a Japanese post and beam wood shearwall assembly

This paper describes the full-scale test program of a code-conforming Post and Beam shearwall system conducted in a curtain wall test facility. The two-story test specimen is taken from a slice of index full-scale test structure to represent the first-mode dominant response properties. The design of the full-scale index building was carried out following the code requirements of wood buildings classified equal to or higher than the Grade-2 index buildings regarding the seismic grading scheme. The test program was not only aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the seismic response characteristics of the shear wall assembly under cyclic deterioration but also contributed to developing reliable numerical models during the preliminary design phase of the 2019 full-scale shake table test program of the Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake Resiliency Project. Moreover, the effectiveness of the instrumentation scheme to trace the distinct damage states and identification of the failure mechanism was examined using the advantages of full-scale testing. A novel cyclic loading test protocol was systematically applied to the shearwall assembly to capture the progressive damage starting from the initiation of elastic deformations to the near-collapse limit state. Shearwall assembly was tested until reaching the 1/21 rad interstory drift angle to determine the failure criterion of the shear wall assembly. Applied test procedure using a curtain wall test rig is useful and cost-effective for testing two different forms of systems to establish the damage pattern and deterioration characteristics of structural systems rather than only performing conventional tests for a particular structural system. At the end of the test sequence, gypsum wallboards were fallen apart due to the detachment of nails and out-of-plane buckling failure of diagonally brace. A numerical model incorporating negative stiffness branch in the backbone curve and all significant modes of cyclic deterioration of the P&B shearwall assembly is generated based on the energy-based hysteretic model. The generated numerical model and the test results were found compatible as a result of sensitivity analyses.

A factorial environment-oriented input-output model for diagnosing urban air pollution

The excessive emissions of various air pollutants seriously hinder the sustainability of cities. It is imperative to conduct a thorough diagnose of urban emission systems. The objective of this study is to develop a factorial environment-oriented input-output (FEIO) model to reveal the urban emission system's structural characteristics and possible internal interactions. Through constructing urban emissions networks regarding multiple air pollutants, the crucial transfer sectors and their relevant transactions are identified. Based on the results of identification, factorial analysis (FA) is further introduced to explore the effects of designed factors and their combinations. The results of the case study for Guangdong Province, China demonstrate that the urban emission system differs from the natural ecosystem because of its complex structure. The impact of various air pollutants on the urban ecosystem is different from what they are expected, both the emitting sectors and their energy consumption structures are decisive. In Guangdong province, Manufacture of Metal and Non-metallic Mineral Products (MMN), Electric Power (EP), Electronic and Telecommunications Equipment (ETE) and Chemical Products (CP) are identified as transfer centers in the emission network. The contribution of air pollution derived from coal consumption is more than 48.30%. Both in 2012 and 2015, the contribution of interactions exceeded 17.46%. The VOCs emissions emitted by MMN and SO2 emissions emitted by EP have the greatest impact on the regional ecosystem. These findings can provide reliable information for ensuring regional air environmental protection targets.

Simple adaptive control method for mitigating the seismic responses of coupled adjacent buildings considering parameter variations

The effectiveness of using the simple adaptive control method in the presence of noise and parameter variations in mitigating the seismic structural responses of a coupled buildings structure is studied. The advantage of using the adaptive controller is that it can deal with any change in the dynamic characteristics of structural systems during their lifetime. In the current study, the change in the structural characteristics is reflected as a reduction in the system’s mass and stiffness as an outcome of the damage potential in the two buildings under seismic excitations. The coupled system is formed of two buildings modeled as shear-type models having different heights and connected at multiple levels with control devices. The effectiveness of different actuators is explored using the magneto-rheological damper for semi-active control and the hydraulic actuator for active control. A suite of five major earthquakes are chosen as external excitations to perform the dynamic analysis in the time domain. The performance of the adaptive controller is compared with different control strategies such as LQR, and Lyapunov theory-based algorithm. The results show that using the adaptive controller to drive the control devices connecting two adjacent buildings is effective in alleviating the seismic responses. Moreover, the proposed control scheme is more promising for dealing with the structural parameter variations during seismic events than the LQR and Lyapunov theory-based algorithms.

HHT based analysis on seismic response recordings for a base-isolated building

Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is proposed to process the seismic response recordings in an 8-story frame-shear wall base-isolated building. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method is first applied to identify the time variant characteristics and the data series can be decomposed into several components. Hilbert transform is well-behaved in identifying the frequency components. The first 5 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are decomposed with their different frequencies. The analytical function is reconstructed and compared with the original signal. They are extremely consistent in amplitude and phase. Based on the IMFs obtained, frequencies of the original signal are inferred at 5 Hz and 1.6 Hz. The higher frequency is regarded as the vibration excited by surface waves. 1.6 Hz is suggested as the dominant frequency of the building. Analysis indicates that HHT is accurate in extracting the dynamic characteristics of structural systems.

System Risk Importance Analysis Using Bayesian Networks

Importance measures (IMs) are used for risk-informed decision making in system operations, safety, and maintenance. Traditionally, they are computed within fault tree (FT) analysis. Although FT analysis is a powerful tool to study the reliability and structural characteristics of systems, Bayesian networks (BNs) have shown explicit advantages in modeling and analytical capabilities. In this paper, the traditional definitions of IMs are extended to BNs in order to have more capability in terms of system risk modeling and analysis. Implementation results on a case study illustrate the capability of finding the most important components in a system.

Strength and stiffness parameters of energy dissipation devices for the seismic protection of building on soft soils

Energy dissipation devices are continuously implemented in several buildings and bridges around the world. The dynamic characteristics of the strong motions in soft soil sites make attractive the use of this type of passive control system; however, its applicability remains limited. In spite of the important number of papers studying the seismic behavior of structures with passive control devices, only few of them consider low frequency excitations and even less studies combine low frequency excitations and yield type devices. One of the main impediments regarding to the use of energy dissipation devices is the lack of specific studies, showing their applicability as a function of the dynamic characteristics of structural systems with dissipation devices located on soft soil sites. This study conducts a parametric study of a single degree of freedom system with metallic yielding devices, with the aim of proposing graphs for the preliminary design of buildings with energy dissipation devices, by means of drift, frame ductility and dissipator ductility response spectra. The excitation of the models is a collection of seismic strong motions recorded in soft soil sites. 21,600 nonlinear time history analyses were processed for the entire combinations of the displacement and stiffness parameters of the structures and devices selected. The results allow an easy way to select initially the mechanical and geometrical properties of the energy dissipation devices with elastoplastic behavior, as a function of the fundamental period of the building. Finally a case study of a six-story RC building with metallic energy dissipation devices demonstrates the applicability of the proposed response spectra.

Tourism ethnography: insider and outsider encounters on Pitcairn Island

Tourism might be understood as a multi-faceted and multi-experiential subject defined by its structural-system characteristics or its agency-related features. This raises the question to what extent, the agency or the structure dominates in the formation of ethnographical tourism landscape. In a case study of Pitcairn Island, this paper focuses on the experientially-based understanding of place through insider/outsider encounters across a range of contexts including tourism, Pitcairn's relationship with its UK administrator and performance of rituals. Results reveal the complex and nuanced intersection of people's encounters with places and the over-lapping and distinctive modes of experience constituted by human agency.

Research on the Multidimensional Constraint Stability of Bridge Structure Modeling Based on Optimization Model

In this paper, we conduct research on the multidimensional constraint stability of bridge structure modeling based on the optimization model. The current internal and the external research results to the truss web structure, the high internode the aspect ratio and the stiffness of the middle truss brace of the truss web, deflection of composite beams of the impact of stress is a very important problem in the design of the bridge. Structural health monitoring is the use of the field of the non-destructive sensing technology, including the structural response, including structural system characteristics analysis, to achieve the purpose of monitoring structural damage or degradation. Under this basis, this paper proposes the new idea on the modelling and simulates the performance.

Deformation features of a super-high arch dam structural system

The interaction among the dam body, dam foundation and dam basin under the collaborative effect of multiple complicated external factors can significantly influence dam deformation. Based on the analysis of the super-high arch dam structural system characteristics, a model for calculating and analysing the dam-body foundation basin was established. The deformation modulus of the dam basin and the comprehensive deformation modulus were inversely calculated. By extensively considering the effect of a complicated load on the super-high arch dam structural system, the distribution features and variation law of dam deformation under different overloading conditions were studied with the overloading approach. Moreover, the actual deformation features of the super-high arch dam structure were analysed based on a super-high arch dam engineering project.

Effects of structural system on the life cycle carbon footprint of buildings

The criteria used conventionally in selection of structural system characteristics include mainly performance related and economic criteria and the environmental impacts including life cycle carbon footprint are rarely taken into consideration. This paper highlights the importance of considering the life cycle carbon footprint in selection of the structural system for buildings by illustrating the significant effect that variations in the structural system characteristics including type of the lateral load resisting system, material and height of the structure may have on the carbon footprint of structures. A set of 15 alternative steel and concrete structural systems including moment resisting frames, braced frames, shear wall systems and dual systems are designed for 3, 10 and 15 storey buildings. The carbon footprint of each individual design is estimated by considering the emissions incurred in material extraction, transportation, construction, operation and end-of-life phases using a computational method. The results indicate considerable differences between the life cycle carbon of different structural systems and between the carbon emissions incurred in different life cycle phases of a particular structural system, confirming the importance of considering the life cycle carbon footprint in selection of structural system characteristics.

Development of activity model of labor safety engineer using markov chains

Activity model of the labor safety engineer was developed in the paper using homogeneous Markov chains with discrete states and time. Management systems in the organizational-technical systems consist of individual processes and relationships among them. Forming a rational combination of parametric and structural system characteristics will allow to create new models, methods and tools to achieve the goals of these systems. The paper examines the activities of the labor safety engineer. When constructing Markov models, decomposition of the studied system into separate states with building multiple relations among the given states is the most difficult task. In the developed oriented graph, nodes correspond to states and edges of the graph form communication interaction channels, which transmit control actions. A directed graph can be represented by an adjacency matrix. Each row of the adjacency matrix displays transitions to other system states. Due to the fact that the transition probabilities of the system are related to the process execution time, it is possible to estimate the total workload of labor safety engineer. For that, the ratio of total state probabilities by groups of processes was found. The results indicate that there is some increase in the portion of time that is given to information processes to the detriment of other job duties. Markov model allows to obtain a quantitative description of the job strain of the labor safety engineer, which is regulated by the enterprise standards.

Modal Analysis of Mast Section of Hoist Based on the Vibration Theory

Vibration is one of problems of mechanical structures, because structural resonance or fatigue will be caused by the vibration, thus it will be cause the damage of structure. In order to avoid the damage of structure, it is necessary to analyze the stiffness characteristics of the structure，which is the natural frequency and vibration mode figure, therefore unnecessary loss because of the resonance causes can be effectively avoided. By using modal analysis method which is in the structural dynamics, vibration pattern of structure system can be visually obtained from theoretical calculation and ANSYS simulation. The first 6 order natural frequencies of different working conditions have been calculated in this paper, dynamic displacement formula in external excitation have been shown when the cage move to a different location. Vibration mode figure of structure system can be drawn corresponding to the first 6 order natural frequencies, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS, vibration image of structure system have been simulated corresponding to the first 6 order natural frequencies. The dynamic characteristics of structure system are affected when the cage to a different location. Through the cage to a different location, external excitation force have a great influence on the top of the free end, in the actual construction, the top free ends connected tie-in device stiffness should be strengthened, the system stability will be improved.