To investigate the blast resistance of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams under contact explosion, contact explosion tests on four SRC beams were carried out. The damage modes and dynamic response of SRC beams and the effect of structural steel and studs were analyzed. Finite element models of SRC beams and the corresponding RC beams were established to compare and analyze the different stress wave propagation in the middle-span cross-section and stress-time history curves of critical nodes in the section to reveal the damage mechanism of SRC beams. The results show that under contact explosion, U-shaped craters were formed on the blasting surface of the SRC beams, and the depth of the crater center was the distance from the top surface of the beam to the top surface of structural steel. The cover concrete on upper half side surfaces and bottom surface was spalled off. However, the concrete protected by structural steel flanges was not damaged, and comparing with RC beams, the setting of structural steel reduced the compressive stress in concrete protected or shielded by structural steel flanges and tension stress waves in concrete near the side and bottom surfaces of SRC beams. So, the concrete spalling on the side and bottom surfaces suffered less severe damage, and concrete protected by structural steel flanges was not damaged for SRC beams. Besides, when larger structural steel was used, the effects were more significant.