Performance Of Building Structures Research Articles

Framework for lifecycle resilience assessment of earthquake-damaged coastal RC structures considering non-uniform corrosion

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures in seismic coastal areas often suffer from the coupled effects of corrosion and earthquakes due to prolonged exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Previous research on the seismic performance of buildings primarily focused on uniform corrosion(UC), disregarding the impact of varying concentrations of chloride-ions on corrosion rate. This discrepancy will overestimate the seismic performance of building structures. The framework proposed in this study aims to evaluate the resilience of RC structures to non-uniform story corrosion(NUSC). The framework encompasses an innovative functional recovery function and considers the influence of chloride-ions concentration on the corrosion rate, time-varying initial functional function, and degradation model for corroded reinforced concrete. NUSC model is established within the proposed framework via OpenSees software. The proposed framework integrates the seismic hazard, fragility, resilience, and recovery models. A nonlinear time history analysis method is employed to simulate the structural response to the seismic action. The findings demonstrate that NUSC leads to a reduction in seismic resilience by 7.3% and 10% compared to UC when considering service times of 35 and 55 years, respectively. This indicates an escalation in seismic risk as well as a decline in structural seismic capacity.

Seismic performance of building structures based on improved viscous damper seismic design

Seismic performance of building structures based on improved viscous damper seismic design

Analysis of Wind Load in a 15-Storey Building Using Various Lateral Load Resisting Techniques: A Review

Traditionally, outrigger and belt truss additions are used to strengthen the rigidity of tall buildings with central cores in order to control displacements. At the top of the structure, a single level outrigger can efficiently reinforce a building. The lateral stiffness of each outrigger level rises, although not as much as that of the top level. The primary lateral force-resisting elements of high-rise building structures are shear walls. Higher-performance shear walls are necessary because to the ever-increasing building code requirements and the rising height of high-rise and super high-rise structures. The conventional reinforced concrete shear wall is not very ductile, has a limited capacity to dissipate energy, and is not very deformable. Specifically, the base of a typical shear wall is particularly vulnerable to earthquake damage and is highly challenging to restore. In high-rise and super high-rise buildings, steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) and steel plate reinforced concrete composite shear walls (SPCSWs) are frequently used in place of regular reinforced concrete shear walls or shaped steel reinforced concrete composite shear walls to improve the seismic performance of building structures. Numerous structural methods seem to be able to withstand lateral stresses brought on by earthquakes, blasts, and wind. The more crucial it is to choose the optimal structural arrangement to counteract opposing horizontal loads. Keywords— High-rise structure, Outrigger, Shearwall, Damper etc.

Multiscale spatiotemporal characterisation of embodied environmental performance of building structures in Geneva from 1850 to 2018

Load-bearing systems in buildings, significant in material use and embodied greenhouse gas emissions (EGHGE), have lacked detailed analysis on their environmental and functional relationships over time and space. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of building structures in Geneva, Switzerland, considering factors like material usage, EGHGE, and urban development. A new method using a similarity-weighted function projects environmental impacts onto a GIS-based building stock, analysing 48 archetypal and 84,477 stock buildings built from 1850 to 2018. Results show a 37% reduction in structural volume per floor area and a 10% increase in mass over time. Buildings predating the masonry-to-concrete transition would produce 7% more EGHGE if constructed today. Multi-residential buildings emit 14% less EGHGE than single homes. A new indicator amortizes upfront environmental effects over a building's lifespan, aiding in historical comparisons of building stocks. This approach underscores the need for spatial-temporal environmental impact mapping to understand sustainable urban development dynamics.

Seismic Risk Analysis of Government Buildings in the City of Tembilahan using FEMA P-58

Research in estimating losses and harm experienced by structures in the high seismic zone had been conducted in previous studies. Yet there is limited study carried out in low-moderate seismic areas. Therefore, an accurate method for calculating losses incurred due to earthquake events is needed in assessing the performance of building structures. This study aims to analyze the seismic risk of government buildings in Indragiri Hilir Regency Riau Province according to FEMA P-58. Seismic risk analysis was carried out on four reinforced concrete buildings. The four buildings reviewed in this study were categorized as low-rise buildings (Immigration Office) and medium-rise buildings (Regent's Office, Puri Husada Hospital, and Rusunawa). The buildings’ location according to SNI 1726-2019 was categorized as soft soil class. The results showed that the Immigration Office, Regent's Office, Puri Husada Hospital and Rusunawa were in a safe state. This is drawn by the value of the collapse probability in the current search condition, which is lower than the value of the collapse probability in the upper bound condition. Regent's Office and Rusunawa were the most vulnerable buildings where the value of the mean loss probability was the highest, namely 23.2%.

A deep reinforcement learning framework to modify LQR for an active vibration control applied to 2D building models

Abstract Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for optimizing control policies in various fields. In this article, we explore the use of DRL for controlling vibrations in building structures. Specifically, we focus on the problem of reducing vibrations induced by external sources such as wind or earthquakes. We propose a DRL-based control framework that learns to adjust the control signal of a classical adaptive linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based model to mitigate the vibration of building structures in real-time. The framework combines the proximal policy optimization method and a deep neural network that is trained using a simulation environment. The network takes input sensor readings from the building and outputs signals that work as a corrector to the signals from the LQR model. It demonstrates the approach’s effectiveness by simulating a 3-story building structure. The results show that our DRL-based control approach outperforms the classical LQR model in reducing building vibrations. Moreover, we show that the approach is robust for learning the system’s dynamics. Overall, the work highlights the potential of DRL for improving the performance of building structures in the face of external disturbances. The framework can be easily integrated into existing building control systems and extended to other control problems in structural engineering.

Study on the Application of Earthquake Resistant Standards (Sni 1726:2019) Against Building in Yogyakarta City

The load-bearing structure is made from a special moment-bearer frame structure. The structure is planned against earthquake loads by the earthquake resistance planning standard for building structures, or Indonesian National Standard 1726:2019, has a 2,500-year return period, and is based on an earthquake strategy. The response spectrum method possesses an Earthquake Resistance Planning foundation. Procedure for Buildings is used in the earthquake load analysis and Non-Building Structures (Indonesian National Standard- 726: 2012 and Indonesian National Standard 1726: 2019). This study aims to make a comparison between the two procedures in terms of changes in seismic bottom shear forces and to examine the building structure's performance in terms of the inter-level drift that occurs. The results of dynamic analysis obtained using the ETABS v.19.0.0 program showed an increase in seismic bottom shear force by 133%, both in the X direction and in the Y direction. The result directions were also compared by using the 2012 Indonesian National Standard. Judging from the terms of deviation between levels, the building structure does not exceed the provisions, either according to the 2012 or 2019 Indonesian National Standard.

Restoring force model for steel beam to CFST/HSS column joints with a reinforced concrete slab

The seismic performance of the steel beam-column joints is significantly influenced by the composite action of the reinforced concrete (RC) slab. This paper aims to propose a restoring force model for steel beam to CFST/HSS column joints with an RC slab. Based on the test results and numerical regression, a simplified trilinear skeleton curve and hysteresis rule were proposed. Secondly, a restoring force model considering the stiffness degradation was proposed. Finally, the restoring force models were compared with the finite element models. The results show that the ratio of the predicted results of the restoring force model to the finite element model (FEM) results at the yield and plastic points ranges from 0.91 to 1.10. The coefficients of variation for the two states were around 0.05, on average. The developed restoring force model provides a reliable and accurate method for evaluating the seismic performance of building structures or members.

Seismic Performance of Building Structures Using Structural Integral Mechanics Model under the Guidance of Fluid Mechanics

The purpose is to study the core causes of serious collapse of buildings damaged in the earthquake and improve the seismic performance of buildings to reduce casualties. First, the theoretical overview of seismic engineering and related form and requirements of the building structure are deeply studied. Next, the building node structure is deeply analyzed according to the knowledge of fluid mechanics and the basic idea of the finite element method of integral structure. The seismic performance of building structures and the principles and requirements of seismic engineering are analyzed and summarized. It is found that the concrete analysis and description of seismic performance in the research method of fluid mechanics is a steel structure’s bending resistance, deformation and displacement degree, and the bearing degree of external impact force. Further, the model design of the integral structure is carried out through the finite element idea of fluid mechanics. Then, the model simulation experiment is conducted to obtain the curve of the impact force on the building structure, the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel beam joint and the skeleton displacement under the impact. Meanwhile, the degradation of stiffness and strength of node structure during an earthquake is analyzed. Finally, through the simulation results, it is concluded that the maximum displacement between node members under the action of impact force is no more than 300mm, so the model has high impact bearing capacity and strong seismic capacity, and can meet the requirements of seismic fortification. This exploration will be of great significance to the development of building seismic engineering under the guidance of fluid mechanics.

Seismic performance assessment of typical vertical light industrial building structures based on IDA method

Abstract The seismic response of a typical vertical light industrial building structure is complex, and once damage occurs, it will cause great disasters and losses, so it is very important to evaluate the seismic performance of vertical light industrial building structures. This paper firstly analyzes the IDA principle and determines the ground shaking strength index and structural damage index based on the IDA curve. Secondly, the structural vulnerability curve and the model are derived based on typical vertical light industrial structures, and the structural characteristics of typical vertical light industrial buildings are analyzed. Finally, the seismic performance of the building structure is evaluated and analyzed based on the IDA method, and the seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out for vertical light industrial buildings with different concrete structures. The PA values of CFST structures in four limit states are 0.81g, 0.21g, 0.34g and 0.47g, which are slightly higher than those of RC structures and have better seismic performance.

EVALUASI KINERJA GEDUNG A UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN JAYA DENGAN PUSHOVER ANALYSIS BERDASARKAN FEMA 356

<p><em>Indonesia is a country with a high potential for earthquake risk, therefore every building must be designed in such a way, so the impact of damage caused by an earthquake can be minimized. Each Existing building structure also needs to be analyzed for its performance against earthquake loads. The main rule in designing an earthquake-resistant building is that structural elements may be damaged but must not fail or collapse during a strong earthquake. This study aims to analyze the performance of building structures based on FEMA 356 standards, by taking a case study of the structure of Tower A of Pembangunan Jaya University. The method used is the pushover analysis method using the Etabs V.16 application. The results of the nonlinear static analysis produce an output value which is then calculated using the FEMA 356 standard. The results of the analysis show that Tower A of Pembangunan Jaya University, which is an open frame structure made of reinforced concrete, has an Immediate Occupancy performance level, which means that if the structure is hitting by an earthquake with return period of 50 years, the building has no significant damage to the structural components. The stiffness and strength of the building is almost the same as before the structure was hit by the earthquake. Meanwhile, the building has a displacement value of 0.383 meters, this value is still smaller than the displacement value based on FEMA 356 calculations which is quite large, namely 0.618 meters in the x direction and 0.542 meters in the y direction.</em></p>

Structural Performance of Buildings with Tension-Only Braced Frame Under Seismic Loading

In accordance with SNI 1726-2019, structures with tension-only braced frames (ToBF) can be used as seismic force-resisting systems for seismic design category (SDC) A to C, with a height of up to 10m. Limited study was done on this subject, hence a numerical study was conducted to better understand the structural performance. The models studied were of regular structures of SDC D, varying in height. The analyses used modal response spectrum analysis (MRSA) for design, and linear response history analysis (LRHA) to evaluate the response. Finally, pushover analyses were conducted to determine the structural performance levels. The study shows that structural design can be done for all models using MRSA, satisfying all requirements. When evaluated using LRHA, results reveal that requirements were not satisfied for structures with heights exceeding 10m. Analysis when reviewed using pushover analysis, results show that the performance levels for all buildings are Immediate Occupancy. However, for models with height exceeding 10m, first yielding occurs at a lower base shear than the design base shear, indicating that the value of R used may not be adequate. Further review reveals that the ToBF can be used as a seismic force-resisting system, with proper design and arrangements.

Evaluasi Perilaku dan Kinerja Struktur Gedung Pelayanan Medis Rumah Sakit RKZ Surabaya Dengan SNI 1726:2019

Updating regulations from SNI 1726 – 2012 to SNI 1726 – 2019 allows evaluation of the behavior and performance of building structures to reduce the risks posed by earthquakes. This is necessary because in SNI 1726-2019 there is an additional long period in the spectrum response so it is necessary to evaluate it to ensure that the building structure whose behavior still meets the requirements in the regulation. The method used in this study was the pushover analysis method. This study evaluates the St. Catholic Hospital Medical Services building. Vincent a. Paul (RKZ) Surabaya. This study discusses building analysis based on SNI 1726 - 2019 to determine the behavior and performance of structures. The results of this study indicate that the behavior of the structure which includes the time period, base shear force, drift ratio, dual system control meets the requirements in accordance with SNI 1726-2019. This performance level is included in the LS (Life Safety) category.

Seismic mitigation of a benchmark twenty-story steel structure based on intermodal targeted energy transfer (IMTET)

This study investigates a new intermodal targeted energy transfer (IMTET) concept for rapid, effective, and purely passive seismic mitigation of a benchmark large-scale model of a twenty-story steel structure. IMTET is based on extremely rapid nonlinear scattering of seismic input energy from low to high frequency modes of a building. This effect is achieved by introducing strategically placed, local strong vibro-impact nonlinearities that are generated by contacts of the building floors with a relatively light, yet stiff, auxiliary core structure. Accordingly, the performance of IMTET is studied here, with the benchmark structure realized through a set of previously established performance criteria. The seismic loads are simulated based on records from three historical earthquakes, namely the 1995 Kobe, 1994 Northridge, and 1940 El Centro. To assess the robustness of the proposed passive nonlinear mitigation mechanism, the clearance distributions as well as the core structure parameters, are optimized for a specific seismic excitation (Kobe). Subsequently, the optimized design is tested against the two other historical earthquake records to demonstrate the effectiveness of the IMTET for these cases as well. The numerical results show that the vibro-impacts rapidly, robustly, and almost irreversibly redistribute the seismic input energy from low to high frequency structural modes, thus realizing a highly effective passive earthquake protective system. In addition, when optimized, this new concept can be realized fully passively, without the need to add any mass to the building, and at the cost of only moderate increases in the resulting floor accelerations and local stresses. In addition, the nonlinear vibro-impacts between the floors and the core structure reduce the seismic input energy to the building compared to the no core case, adding an additional benefit to the seismic mitigation approach. Therefore, the IMTET methodology for seismic mitigation has the potential to significantly enhance the seismic performance of building structures.

Japanese attitudes toward risk control in seismic design in light of observation, prediction, and actual performance of building structures

AbstractDespite recent international efforts toward a risk‐conscious approach to advancing seismic design, Japan, a country very prone to earthquakes, remains conservative regarding the consideration of risk‐based seismic hazards in developing seismic designs. This article attempts to interpret the reasons. First, the evolution of Japanese seismic design codes and specifications is introduced, noting that the design seismic loads have remained essentially the same since the revisions implemented in 1981. Second, Japanese efforts in providing and renewing seismic hazard maps are briefly introduced and discussed. The maps have been developed using the data recorded by Japanese strong motion networks. Some unique challenges in preparing seismic hazard maps for the territory of Japan are presented, in light of the observations of actual earthquakes in the past three decades. On many occasions, the damage disclosed in modern buildings remained limited even when the recorded ground motions significantly exceeded the design earthquake level. An inherent conservatism is embedded in the performance criteria imposed on structural systems and elements. Third, political‐legal and sociocultural aspects are discussed. Centralized operation is commonly exercised in Japan for post‐disaster relief efforts, and the general public also values “equality” for such support. The factors naturally encourage cautiousness for the revision of relevant seismic codes and specifications.

Behavior of axially loaded high-strength steel circular hollow section tubes under low velocity lateral impact

High-strength steel has been widely used in large-span and high-rise structure engineering in recent years because it can improve the mechanical performance of building structures and reduce their self-weight. In this study, a lateral impact test using a drop hammer was conducted on 22 high-strength steel circular hollow section (CHS) tubes with axial preloading. The test parameters included the impact energy, tube diameter–thickness ratio, axial compression ratio, and shape of the hammerhead. The failure modes and entire impact process, including the impact force, displacement, strain, and axial force histories of the specimens, were obtained. A finite element (FE) model of the high-strength steel CHS tube preloaded by axial force (including compression and tension) under lateral impact was established using the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. After verifying the accuracy of the FE model by comparison with the test results, a parameter analysis was conducted to reveal the influence of the impact energy, diameter–thickness ratio, axial compression ratio, axial force direction, and shape of the hammerhead on the dynamic response of the high-strength steel tube under lateral impact based on the test and FE results of the failure mode, impact force, displacement and energy histories, and residual stress.

Performance Structural Analysis of U2C Building with the Kobe Earthquake Spectrum

An investigation into the performance of the building structure in receiving the earthquake load must ensure that the building structure is able to receive it within safe limits. A non-linear approach is generally done through pushover analysis. The purpose of this study is to find out how the behavior or performance of building structures when receiving earthquake loads. The analysis is carried out by modeling the structure of the building using the help of the STERA 3D application. Then it is done by entering the Kobe earthquake spectrum data into the software. From the results of the analysis, the value of the deviation between directional levels X 0.0058 m with a base shear of 10,090 KN was obtained. While the Y direction capacity curve has the largest displacement of 0.0084 m with a base shear of 13,270 KN. The result of structural deviation when the performance point is reached for X direction and Y direction loading of 0.0042 m and 0.0063 m, resulting in a yellow color at each point of the column and beam relationship which means that it is still within the range of 1 U 5 (AMP (response force) analysis), this indicates that the condition of the building structure remains safe during an earthquake.

The influence of ground motion duration on the energy based assessment of buildings with infill walls

Infill walls are often used in buildings to divide the residential area in order to meet the architectural requirements and are considered as non-bearing structural elements. In some buildings, infill walls are not used in the frames of the ground floors for commercial or other architectural purposes. Thus, vertical infill wall discontinuity is formed and it appears as an irregularity by earthquake regulations. At the same time, this situation has caused damage to the structures in some earthquakes. Nowadays, traditional seismic design based on strength and resistance is considered not an adequate way to design structures under earthquake effects. Besides, the role of ground motion duration on the seismic performance of building structures has been subject of research recently. One of the methods of defining damage in earthquake resistant design is the energy approach. For this purpose, in this study, the effect of infill walls on the seismic assessment of structures exposed to short and long duration ground motions was performed on dissipated seismic energy approach. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed in two cases, fully infilled and infilled except for the ground floor. Classification of ground motion durations is based on a threshold of 25 s of significant duration (D5-95), and ground motions were evaluated as two different recording pairs of short and long duration. Using spectrally matched short and long duration earthquake records, nonlinear time history analyses were performed for building models and the results were evaluated over hysteretic energy. The analyses showed that the hysteretic energy demands depend on both the ground motion duration and the infill wall placement in the building.

PREDIKSI KERUSAKAN KINERJA STRUKTUR BANGUNAN GEDUNG MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DENGAN METODE PURELIN

An earthquake is one of the natural events whose magnitude cannot be predicted. This is can happen because the direction of the earthquake work depends on the movement of the soil that supports it. This is generally the biggest threat to construction, especially buildings. Buildings are expected to be built because they can use even a small area of land. However, over time, it is common for buildings to collapse due to earthquakes, so a more detailed analysis is needed to design a better earthquake-resistant building. Time history analysis is one of the analyzes used to evaluate buildings against earthquakes. However, time history analysis has a weakness, namely the duration of the analysis tends to be long, so determining whether a structure is still able to function according to plan is difficult to measure. Analysis of artificial neural networks by utilizing structural response data is expected to be able to predict the structural performance of building structures. The purelin method reads data linearly but in this case, predicts based on previous data or is known as the Backpropagation Analysis method.

Implications of the compressive strength control accuracy on the probability of accepting defective concrete elements

The contribution of control method inaccuracy to the accuracy and performance of building structures while adhering to the metrological requirements for the strength determination process in reference materials is analysed. The metrological fundamentals for improving the testing and quality control methods of modern concretes and their impact on the reliability of erected structures are developed. The measurement accuracy dependence on the quality control of concrete materials and products by destructive methods is established, the number of rejected products is determined. The accuracy of concrete quality control is assessed in relation to the likelihood of defective products. A Bayesian model is proposed for the probability of missing a defective product with known control confidence and the probability of error due to measurement and testing error in the control process. The additional probability of missing concrete defects in strength when testing in standard specimens by the destructive method due to imperfect test methods is calculated. The 'non-zero probability' of missing a defect in the concrete strength control process affecting the level of reliability is assessed, provided the metrological requirements for the test are met.