Structural Relationship Model Research Articles

Developing entrepreneurial competencies in higher education: a structural model approach

PurposeThe aim of this article is to propose and test a structural model of relationships between generic and specific competencies and entrepreneurial competencies in order to assess students' learning.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out on a sample of 337 students enrolled on the entrepreneurship specialisation of the final bachelor's degree project course on the Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration and Management at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. A questionnaire was designed to gather information on students' perception of their level of acquisition of the different groups of competencies. The partial least squares (PLS) multivariate technique was used to analyse the model.FindingsThe results confirm that there are significant relationships between the different groups of competencies. Specifically, it shows that generic competencies influence specific competencies and that there is a strong relationship between systemic and professional competencies and entrepreneurial competencies. It also shows that the experience variable contributes positively to different competency groups, while the gender and age variables have no effect on the development of entrepreneurial competencies.Practical implicationsThe study provides relevant information to the academic world on different factors that affect competency development.Originality/valueThe analysis provides an innovative research and contributes knowledge on entrepreneurial competency acquisition, providing an answer to whether generic and specific competencies influence entrepreneurial competencies.

중년 여성 여가스포츠 참여자의 여가태도와 여가인지 및 심리적 행복감 간의 관계

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship model between leisure attitude, leisure perception and psychological happiness of middle-aged women participating in leisure sports. To achieve the goal of this study, a total 283 surveys collected from indoor, outdoor sports facilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were utilized for analyzing, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study are follows: 1) Leisure attitude had a positive effect on leisure perception. 2) Leisure perception had a positive effect on psychological happiness. 3) Leisure attitude didn"t effect on psychological happiness. 4) Leisure perception mediated the relationship between leisure attitude and psychological happiness.

The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students

This research paper aimed to develop a constructive model that would explain the structure of relationships between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The research sample consisted of (346) students from the first and fourth years of the Faculty of Education - Damanhour University. They were between 18-22 years old. The emotional intelligence scale (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) Psychological Well-Being Scale (Springer & Hauser, 2006), Perceived Achievement Scale and Self-Actualization Scale were all applied to the sample. The data was analyzed using path analysis found in the Liseral program (Liseral 8.8). The study results led to a causal constructive model that explains the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The results also showed a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy on perceived achievement and psychological wellbeing. There was also a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy and perceived achievement on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. It was also clear that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had a statistically significant impact on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. Self-efficacy had the highest impact, whereas perceived achievement and self-actualization had lesser impact; and emotional intelligence had the least impact.
 Keywords: emotional Intelligence, self-efficacy, psychological wellbeing, perceived achievement, self-actualization.

The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students

This research paper aimed to develop a constructive model that would explain the structure of relationships between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The research sample consisted of (346) students from the first and fourth years of the Faculty of Education - Damanhour University. They were between 18-22 years old. The emotional intelligence scale (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) Psychological Well-Being Scale (Springer & Hauser, 2006), Perceived Achievement Scale and Self-Actualization Scale were all applied to the sample. The data was analyzed using path analysis found in the Liseral program (Liseral 8.8). The study results led to a causal constructive model that explains the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The results also showed a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy on perceived achievement and psychological wellbeing. There was also a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy and perceived achievement on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. It was also clear that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had a statistically significant impact on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. Self-efficacy had the highest impact, whereas perceived achievement and self-actualization had lesser impact; and emotional intelligence had the least impact.
 Keywords: emotional Intelligence, self-efficacy, psychological wellbeing, perceived achievement, self-actualization.

The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students

The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students

The Effect of Switching Barriers, Hedonic Value on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as Mediator

This study aims to obtain a structural relationship model between customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, switching barriers and hedonic value in Telkom Jakarta. The variables in this study were the exogenous variables consisting of switching barriers and hedonic values, the mediator variable was customer satisfaction and the endogenous variable was customer loyalty. As a hypothesis in this study is a theoretical model of the effect of switching barriers, hedonic value on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction mediator match (fit) with empirical data on Indihome customers in Jakarta. The research subjects were 400 Indihome customers in Jakarta. The data collection technique was carried out using the customer loyalty scale from Bobalca, et al., The customer satisfaction scale from Grigoroudis and Siskos, the switching barrier scale from Jones, et al., The hedonic value scale constructed by the author. The data analysis technique was carried out using SEM (Structural Equation Model) which processing was carried out using the Lisrel (Linear Structural Relationship) program. The results showed that the effect of switching barriers, hedonic value on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction mediator matched (fit) with empirical data, with NFI value 0.91, NNFI 0.90, CFI 0.92.

베이비붐세대 골프참여자의 건강관심도와 여가몰입 및 가정생활만족의 구조적 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship model of health concern, leisure commitment and family life satisfaction of baby-boom generation golf participants.<BR> Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, a total 201 surveys collected from golf range in Seoul, Kyuggi, Dae-jeon and Kwang-ju areas were utilized for analysis. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) Health concerns of baby-boom generation golf participants had a positive effect on leisure commitment (behavioral commitment and cognitive commitment). 2) Health concerns of baby-boom generation golf participants had a positive effect on family life satisfaction. 3) Leisure commitment (behavioral commitment) of baby-boom generation golf participants had a positive effect on family life satisfaction. But leisure commitment (cognitive commitment) of baby-boom generation golf participants did not have an effect on family life satisfaction. 4) The leisure commitment (behavioral commitment) mediated the relationship between health concerns and family life satisfaction in baby-boom generation golf participants.<BR> Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study confirm that the satisfaction of family life increases when immersed in golf.

An Analysis of the Structural Model of Sports Participation, Physical Self-Concepts and Interpersonal Relations of Middle School Students

An Analysis of the Structural Model of Sports Participation, Physical Self-Concepts and Interpersonal Relations of Middle School Students

A structural equation model of principals communication patterns, funds management and school-community relationship

Recent studies tend to explain the importance of communication in the organisation as well as prescribing the most commonly practised techniques adopted by school managers. Studies on financial management are quite limited with the available ones suggesting that poor financial management is a source of conflict between school leaders and host communities. Little seems to be known on the connection between principals’ communication patterns and funds’ management as predictors of school-community relationship. This study builds on existing studies and appears to be the first to assess the linkages between principals’ communication patterns, fund management practices and school-community relationship based on empirical rather than subjective data. A structural modelling approach was adopted to examine the nexus using quantitative primary data obtained from a random sample of 2108 respondents. A questionnaire which was designed and validated by the researchers served as the data collection device. Collected data were subjected to Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses, as well as Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings revealed various significant communication, funds management and school-community relationship practices that are available for adoption. However, it was found that the extent to which principals utilised such practices were below expected minimum standards. It was also found that there were no significant partial and composite effects of principals’ communication and funds management practices on school-community relationship (SCR). Based on these results, relevant theoretical, policy and practical implications are discussed.

Direct-to-Consumer Sales by Manufacturers and Bargaining

Cutting out the intermediary and selling directly to consumers is an increasingly common strategy by manufacturers in many industries. We develop a structural model of vertical relations where manufacturers both bargain with retailers over wholesale prices and sell their products directly to consumers. We show that direct sales by manufacturers generate two effects that have opposing impact on welfare. First, direct sales generate potential welfare gains to consumers downstream due to additional competition and product variety. Second, in the upstream, there is an increase in the bargaining leverage of the manufacturers selling directly to consumers. Negotiated wholesale prices increase, thus increasing final prices to consumers and decreasing consumer welfare. We show how our model can be used to quantify the bargaining leverage and welfare effects of direct sales. We estimate our model using data from the outdoor advertising industry and use the estimated model to simulate counterfactual scenarios to isolate these effects. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the bargaining leverage effect for vertical merger evaluation.

Causal Relationship Model of Factors Affecting Workplace Happiness among Head Nurses’ of Secondary Hospital at Northern Region, Thailand

Introduction: There is a growing recognition for workplace happiness worldwide. If employees work in an unfavorable atmosphere, this may lead to boredom, discouragement and disengagement as well as alienation from colleagues; thereby becoming unhealthy for both employees and organisations. Aim: To develop a causal relationship model of factors affecting workplace happiness among head nurses and test the model with empirical data collected with the chosen research sample. Materials and Methods: This research uses the causal relationship research method. A five point-Likert scale questionnaire about factors affecting workplace happiness was administered to 196 head nurses at secondary hospitals, northern Thailand. It included six latent variables: 1) leader characteristics; 2) work satisfaction; 3) awareness of the professional values; 4) organisational climate; 5) social support; and 6) workplace happiness. Analysis instruments were descriptive statistics i.e., frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation, and linear structural relationship model. Results: Based on the casual relationship model, the following factors were identified as influencing workplace happiness among the head nurses: social support, work satisfaction, organisational climate, leader characteristics and awareness of the professional values, respectively. After adjustment as alternative model, the causal relationship model of workplace happiness fit the empirical data, with Chi-square (χ2)= 238.098, df=205, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.99, Root Mean Squares Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.02, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.98, Standardised Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)=0.04. This means that the variables in the model can explain the variance of workplace happiness by 46.6%. Conclusion: Drawn from the casual relationship model of factors influencing happiness at work among the head nurses, the factors with the most influencing overall impact on happiness at work are: work satisfaction, organisational climate, social support, and leadership characteristics.

Conceptual model of corporate social responsibility impact on community well-being

Sustainable mining industry contributes to the community well-being and country development. Thus, this research constructs a measurement and model in conducting an empirical study on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice and community well-being (CWB) in the mining industry. Accordingly, this study aims to review the structural analysis of CSR and CWB in this particular mining industry. CSR focused on four main dimensions, namely, economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. By contrast, CWB is focused on the dimensions of social, economic empowerment, environment, health, service, and facilities. This study also proposes a structural relationship model between CSR practice and CWB in the surrounding mining industry. Research hypotheses were formulated on the basis of the proposed model. This study concludes with a suggested future research.

Indicators of strategic intuition for SMEs' entrepreneurs: evidence from Thailand

The main objective of this research is to study and develop the strategic intuition indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. The results will serve as a guideline for creating a model to develop the strategic intuition capability of entrepreneurs in Thailand in the future. The research studies relevant literature from empirical data and tests the consistency of a linear structural relationship model by using component analysis techniques. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of entrepreneurs who are SMEs from the database of the Thailand Exporter Directory, the Ministry of Commerce. The results showed that the developed strategic intuition model is in harmony with empirical data, with the strategic intuition variables consisting of three main components: (1) Sensing capabilities, (2) Aggressive thinking capabilities, and (3) Strategic decision capabilities, with a positive value. It was also found that in each component of the measurement model, strategic insight had the same straightness, and the variability of the structural confidence values passed the standard criteria.

A structural equation model of relationships of health literacy, illness and medication beliefs with medication adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ObjectiveTo determine the relative contributions of health literacy (HL) and illness and medication beliefs to medication adherence among older COPD patients and determine the pathways through which they operate. MethodsThe study was conducted using data from a prospective cohort of COPD patients in New York City and Chicago. We used structural equation modeling to examine the pathways linking HL, through medications and illness beliefs, with COPD medication adherence. ResultsOut of 393 older adults with COPD, 123 (31%) had limited HL and 208 (53%) reported low adherence to daily COPD medications. Those with limited HL were more likely to have low medication adherence (p < 0.0001). Medications concerns (p = 0.001) and medication necessity (p = 0.003) demonstrated a mediational role between HL and adherence. However, in the final multivariate model, HL did not have direct effect on medication adherence (p = 0.12) and illness beliefs (p = 0.16) did not demonstrate a mediational role between HL and adherence. ConclusionOur findings suggest that low HL is not a direct predictor of poor medication adherence among COPD patients. Practice implicationsAddressing medication concerns and reinforcing the need for daily COPD medications may be a more effective strategy for increasing adherence in this population.

Problematique Approach to Analyse Barriers in Implementing Industrial Ecology in Philippine Industrial Parks

Industrial ecology is recognized as an important framework toward a circular economy wherein industrial systems minimize their environmental burden by mimicking the material cycles and energy cascades found in biological ecosystems. Advocates of such framework in planning of eco-industrial parks suggest that both economic and environmental gains can be attained by transforming the industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system. However, it is imperative first to understand and analyze systematically the barriers in implementing the concept of industrial ecology in industrial parks even at the early planning stage. This work thus proposes a problematique approach to understand and analyse such barriers toward a successful development of eco-industrial parks. A problematique is a term coined by Warfield referring to concepts and tools for a structural model of relationships among members of a set of problems. The problematique is shown to be effective in analyzing the structure that underlies problematic situations, thus increasing the potential for crafting solution through human intervention. An illustrative case study was presented using a methodological framework built from Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Among the identified barriers in an industrial park situated in Philippines, the method reveals the strength and direction of interaction, hierarchical network structure, prioritization of components, and the causal loop mapping to aid stakeholders in systems thinking and problem solving for such complex issues.

Health, Security and Participation: A Structural Relationship Modeling among the Three Pillars of Active Ageing in China.

This paper explores and tests the impact of health and security on the participation of Chinese older people using data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) in 2014. Based on the framework of Active Ageing, the exogenous latent variables “health” and “security” are assumed to directly affect the endogenous latent variable “participation”, and indirectly affect it via mediating the function of “willingness”. The estimation results of the structural equation model show that health has a significant positive impact, while security has a significant negative impact on participation. In addition, health and security can significantly enhance the willingness of older people to participate. After the opposite effects of health and security are offset, their net effect on participation is generally negative. According to these empirical results, this paper concludes that the optimization of health coupled with the moderation of security level is more beneficial for promoting the participation of older people.

The Determinants of Public Sector Innovation in Malaysia: A Proposed Framework

At present, Malaysian government are buffeted by strategic challenges including debt, deficit pressures, technology, innovation and globalization. Hence, Malaysian public service agencies recognize that they need to be resilient. In other words, they need to respond to people demand (adaptation), provide efficient and effective services (competitiveness) and make themselves reputable (value). This paper therefore aims to evaluate and suggest a conceptual model of innovative work behaviour, innovation climate, participative leadership and wider public sector condition on innovation (IVs) and innovation performance. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was proposed. A structural relationship model was suggested. Research theories are being formulated based on the proposed conceptual model and checked. The paper ends with planned theoretical work for the future.

A structural relationship model for resilience, L2 learning motivation, and L2 proficiency at different proficiency levels

As L2 motivation and resilience have been found to play a critical role in second language learning, this study takes the initiative to investigate and verify the structural relationship between resilience, L2 learning motivation and L2 proficiency at beginner, intermediate and advanced level. To collect the data, the participants (N = 132 EFL learners) were administered a placement test and two questionnaires to rate their level of proficiency, resilience and L2 motivation, respectively. The results of Structural Equation Modeling analysis (SEM) revealed that L2 proficiency was directly influenced only by the beginners’ L2 motivation. It was found that the intermediate learners’ L2 proficiency was directly influenced by both L2 motivation and resilience. Conversely, the results indicated that the advanced students’ L2 proficiency was directly impacted only by resilience. In addition, the study determined that L2 motivation has a significant indirect impact on L2 proficiency through resilience only at the advanced level. More generally, L2 proficiency was shown to be directly predictable by both L2 motivation and resilience, and L2 motivation was revealed to have significant direct and indirect effects on L2 proficiency.

고령친화환경과 사회참여활동 및 주관적 건강의 구조적 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship model of age-friendly environment, participation in social activities and self-rated health for elderly generations.<BR> Method: To achieve the goal of this study, a total 269 surveys collected from elderly generations were utilized for analyzing. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equating modeling were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0.<BR> Results: Main findings are as follows: First, age-friendly environment had a positive effect on participation in social activities. Second, age-friendly environment had a positive effect on self-rated health. Third, participation in social activities had a positive effect on self-rated health. Finally, participation in social activities mediated the relationship between age-friendly environment and self-rated health.<BR> Conclusion: In order to promote the health of the elderly, the community needs multilateral support for the creation of an aged-friendly environment and active participation in social participation activities.

Networks of modern intellectuals in pursuit of overcoming crisis trends: theoretical-applied aspect

This article examines the role of networks of intellectuals in the aspect of seeking ways to overcome the current crises (primarily political-legal) trends. The object of this research is the networks of modern intellectuals. The authors clarify the concept of the networks of intellectuals, review the structural elements and relationship models between the participants. Leaning on the contemporary scientific material, the article describes most popular relationship strategies between the users of the networks of intellectuals and the government. Practical examples of relationships between the U. S. and European intellectuals along with the key difference in the applied strategies are analyzed. Among the main conclusions, the authors note the peculiarities of interaction inside and between various networks of intellectual; however, confrontation between the opponents appeared to be most constructive. Networks of intellectuals can be formed and function for several centuries and on the territories of multiple countries, launching functional chains presented by the developed ideas and concepts. The applied analysis demonstrate that intellectuals of the United States and Europe (despite commonality of views) adhere to different behavioral strategies in their relationship with the authorities: being in management structures or holding a position of independent experts respectively.