Factor Structural Model Research Articles

The relationship among perceived parental psychological control, socially prescribed perfectionism, fear of failure, and performance of adolescent athletes

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to verify the sequential mediation effect of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and Fear of Failure (FF) in the relationship between perceived Parental Psychological Control (PPC) and the performance of Korean adolescent athletes. 208 Korean adolescent athletes completed the questionnaire including the Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism in the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, and set of 8 questions for perceived performance. The collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis using IBM SPSS (Statistics 25.0 and Amos 23.0, IBM Corp., USA). The results indicated a positive association between PPC and SPP, which was subsequently related to FF and athletes’ performance. The 95% confidence intervals confirmed the significance of the sequential mediating effect of SPP and FF in the relationship between PPC and perceived performance, aligning with the hypothesised sequential mediation model. These findings underscore the crucial role parents play in the performance of adolescent athletes, as predicted by SPP and FF, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms that underlie such parental influence.

Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China

BackgroundPerinatal depression is common worldwide, which can cause many adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the mother and baby, as well as the whole family. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an efficient and effective instrument for perinatal depression. However, few studies have examined its longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) during the whole perinatal period, which is particularly important in longitudinal studies, such as exploring developmental trajectories of perinatal depression and evaluating the effects of certain interventions.Methods4139 pregnant women from 24 hospitals in 15 provinces of China were measured using EPDS in the first, second, third trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore the factor structure of EPDS at each time point. Multi-group analyses were performed to examine LMI of EPDS.ResultsA three-factor model was optimal at all time points, showing the clearest factor structure and best model fit: Anhedonia (Items 1–2), Anxiety (Items 3–6), Depression (Items 7–10). Internal reliability of EPDS was good at all time points (e.g., Cronbach’s α > 0.80). A series of multi-group analyses further indicated that the EPDS held strict LMI (configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance) during the perinatal period.ConclusionThe findings further confirmed three-factor structure and good reliability of the EPDS when used in Chinese pregnant and postpartum women. The LMI justified comparisons of EPDS scores among different measurement time points.

Sternberg의 WICS 모형 기 반 초등학생용 비계량적 다차원 척도의 타당화 연구

The study aimed to investigate elementary school students'perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom based on the WICS model. After modifying and supplementing the non-metric multidimensional scale, the study validated it. Specifically, since the WICS-based on-metric multidimensional scale(Stemberg, 1985, 2003b) is based on the general public's implicit perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, it was considered that this scale could investigate the universal perspectives of Korean elementary school students in understanding and evaluating their own and others'intelligence, creativity, and wisdom In the study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the factors of the WICS-based non-metric multidimensional scale. The results revealed the following factors for intelligence, practical problem-solving(6 items), intellectual balance and integration(6 items), and goal orientation and achievement(3 items); for creativity, decision-making skills and flexibility(3 items), aesthetic sense and imagination(3 items), and nonentrenchrnen(3 items); and for wisdom, reasoning ability(3 items) and sagacity(3 items). Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the fit of the factor structure model derived from the exploratory factor analysis, and a modified model with improved fit was proposed. To verify the validity of the modified model, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity were examined. The results indicated that the WICS-based non-metric multidimensional scale effectively explains elementary school students' perceptions of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom Finally, the study discussed the implications of using the WICS model-based non-metric multidimensional scale for elementary school students and suggested directions for future research.

A structural model of factors influencing the introduction of neurobranding technologies

Subject. The article discusses neurobranding as a new research approach. Objectives. The focus is on the conceptualization of the structural model of factors influencing the introduction of neurobranding technologies. Methods. We developed a structural model of factors influencing the introduction of neurobranding technologies based on the metatheoretical method of cognition. Results. The paper established that the structural model of factors influencing the introduction of neurobranding technologies rests on four types of factors (technological, organizational, individual, and environmental) and expands the theoretical basis of research in the field of neurobranding. Conclusions. Technological, organizational, individual, and environmental factors can be used to study the implementation of neurobranding in various contexts. The identified factors have a positive or negative impact on the introduction of neurobranding technologies.

THE EFFECT OF HALAL AWARENESS IN ENHANCING MUSLIM TRAVELLERS’ EXPERIENCE AND SATISFACTION THROUGH RELIGIOUS RESPECT

This study focuses on halal awareness provided by halal destination providers to enhance Muslim travellers’ experience and satisfaction through religious respect. A survey involves Muslim travelers who visited halal destinations in Indonesia in 2024 with a total sample of 364. The analysis employs covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM), incorporating confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural model evaluation to validate the hypotheses. The results show the effective role of religious respect in the relationship between halal awareness, Muslim travellers’ experience and satisfaction when they visit halal destinations. The framework significantly advances the theory of destination image emphasizing the crucial aspect of halal awareness in shaping the experience and satisfaction of Muslim travellers particularly the role of religious respect as a key factor in mediating these relationships.

Validating scores from the short form of the Music Self-Perception Inventory (MUSPI-S) with seventh- to ninth-grade school students in Germany

The Music Self-Perception Inventory-Short (MUSPI-S) is a theoretically based instrument consisting of 28 items with subscales that assess music self-concept globally and in six specific areas. The present study sought to validate a German translation of the MUSPI-S using a sample of 444 secondary school students. In addition to participants’ scores from the German translation of the MUSPI-S, associated data included demographic background variables, self-reported school grades in various subjects, and interest in the school subject of music. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized factor structure and measurement model for MUSPI-S scores. Latent factor correlations among MUSPI-S subscale scores and correlations of these scores with school grades and interest in the school subject of music aligned well with theoretical expectations and previous research. Findings also provided evidence for strict measurement invariance of scores in the German MUSPI-S across subgroups of gender, school year (i.e., grade level), and musical activity. MUSPI-S subscale factor-level means did not reliably differ among seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade students but favored females over males and musically active over non-active students on nearly all subscales. Overall, this evidence supports the use of the German translation of the MUSPI-S in assessing a wide range of important self-perceived musical abilities for research and practical assessment purposes.

Applying vroom expectancy theory to analyse employee motivation: A study of commercial banks in Vietnam

In researching motivation, the process approach is better and has more potential than the content approach. This research aims to apply Vroom expectancy theory, a process-based approach to motivation to gain a greater understanding of employee motivation within the commercial banking sector in Vietnam. Additionally, this study seeks to validate the applicability of the expectancy theory by surveying 901 employees from 16 commercial banks with different total assets and numbers of employees. The data analysis involved the utilization of Cronbach's alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM). This study reveals that there is a positive relationship between expectancy (E), intrinsic instrument (I-IN), intrinsic valence (I-V) and employee motivation (EM). Employee motivation has an impact on job performance. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the presence of extrinsic valence (E-V) and extrinsic instruments (E-IN) do not significantly impact employee motivation despite the high employees’ level of need for extrinsic valence. This finding deviates considerably from previous studies that applied Vroom's theory. These findings further emphasize the notion that motivation is a dynamic process. Using a process approach in investigating motivation has significant efficacy and employee motivation has a substantial impact on employee performance especially in the context of commercial banks in Vietnam.

비정규직 노동자의 여가활동에서의 여가강박, 재미 및 여가만족의 관계

Work-life balance is important in the lives of workers in modern society. In particular, leisure enjoyment plays an important role in the quality of life of irregular workers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the leisure obsession, fun, and leisure satisfaction of irregular workers. This study selected irregular workers as the population and collected a total of 285 valid samples using convenience sampling and self-assessment methods. SPSS and AMOS programs were used to process the data, frequency and reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, leisure obsession had a significant effect on fun. Second, fun had a significant effect on leisure satisfaction. Third, leisure obsession had no significant effect on leisure satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that for irregular workers to participate satisfactorily in leisure activities, they need to minimize leisure obsession and enhance fun. To achieve this, a shift in individual perceptions, organizational consideration, and changes in government policies are necessary

Dimensionality and cross-language invariance of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among Indian adolescents and adults.

Sleep quality, key to physical and mental health, requires regular assessment in clinical and non-clinical settings. Despite widespread use, the dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is debated, and its Hindi version's factor structure remains unexplored. Our study evaluates the PSQI's dimensionality among Indian adolescents and adults aiming to demonstrate cross-language (Hindi and English) invariance of its factor structure. The PSQI showed satisfactory item reliability, and a best-fitting two-factor model: "sleep efficiency" (comprising sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency), and "perceived sleep quality" (comprising remaining five PSQI components). This model showed configural invariance across age groups, sexes, and languages. Metric invariance was noted across age groups, but a partial metric non-invariance was observed across languages and sexes as reflected by differences in factor loadings. The second-order factor structure model had an excellent fit indicating the usefulness of aggregate scores of the two factors as a single index of sleep quality. Our findings better support a two-factor structure of sleep quality (both for English and Hindi versions of PSQI) in India. However, further validation in diverse clinical and non-clinical samples is warranted.

How Motives to Use Short Video Platforms Drive Negative Effects: A Second-Order Factor Structural Model

How Motives to Use Short Video Platforms Drive Negative Effects: A Second-Order Factor Structural Model

Factor Structures in the Depressive Symptoms Domains in the 9Q for Northern Thai Adults and Their Association with Chronic Diseases.

Most of the common models to examine depression are one-factor models; however, previous studies provided several-factor structure models on each depressive symptom using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale (9Q) is an alternative assessment tool that was developed for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in Thai adults. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of this tool based on the factor structure models for the PHQ-9 provided in previous studies using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We also examined the association of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model among 1346 participants aged 19 years old or more without psychiatric disorders. The results show that the two-factor CFA model with six items in the cognitive-affective domain and three items in the somatic domain provided the best fit for depressive symptoms in the study population (RMSEA = 0.077, CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.936). Dyslipidemia was positively associated with both cognitive-affective symptoms (β = 0.120) and somatic depressive symptoms (β = 0.080). Allergies were associated with a higher level of cognitive-affective depressive symptoms (β = 0.087), while migraine (β = 0.114) and peptic ulcer disease (β = 0.062) were associated with a higher level of somatic symptoms. Increased age was associated with a lower level of somatic symptoms (β = -0.088). Our findings suggested that considering depressive symptoms as two dimensions yields a better fit for depressive symptoms. The co-occurrence of chronic diseases associated with depressive symptoms should be monitored.

Unveiling the Behavioural Biases of Retail Investors in Derivative Market

The derivative market is growing faster than capital markets in recent years. Investors’ focus is moved towards the futures market rather than on the stock market. The involvement of individual investors has increased in the derivative market. In investing, biases lead investors to make irrational and emotional decisions. The study tracks how investors’ be- havioural biases influence their investment decisions and also analyses the moderating effect of “financial literacy” and “self-efficacy” in the derivatives market. The snowball sampling technique was used to collect the primary data from 125 investors from Coimbatore city. Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression, and Structural equation Model were used for analysis. The results revealed that Behavioural biases such as “Herding Behaviour”, “Overconfidence” and “Mental Accounting” positively affect investing in the derivative market and the mod- erating variables “Financial Literacy”, and “Self-Efficacy” directly influence the behaviour of the investors which in turn affects derivative trading.

Evaluation of Scatterer Parameters From Ultrasound Scattering Models Taking Into Account Scattering From Nuclei and Cells of Cell-Pellet Biophantoms and Ex Vivo Tumors.

The Quantitative Ultrasound backscatter coefficient provides the capability to evaluate tissue microstructure parameters. Tissue-based scatterer parameters are extracted using ultrasound scattering models. It is challenging to correlate ultrasound scatterer parameters of tissue structures from optical-measured histology, possibly because of inappropriate scattering models or the presence of multiple scatterers. The objective of this study is to pursue the quantification of pertinent scatterer parameters with scattering models that consider ultrasound scattering from nuclei and cells. The concentric sphere model (CSM) and the structure factor model adapted for two types of scatterers (SFM2) are evaluated for cell-pellet biophantoms and ex vivo tumors of four cell lines: 4T1, JC, LMTK, and MAT. The structure factor model (SFM) was used for comparison. CSM and SFM2 provided scatterer parameters closer to histology (lower relative errors) for nucleus and cell radii and volume fractions than SFM but were not always accompanied by lower dispersion of the scatterer distribution (lower coefficient of variation). CSM and SFM2 quantified cell and nucleus radius and volume fraction parameters with lower relative error compared to SFM. For tumors, CSM provided better results than SFM2.

CRM impact on customer satisfaction in Islamic-based hotels: exploring a mediation model

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between operational CRM technologies, human CRM resources, organizational CRM resources and customer satisfaction toward Islamic-based hotels in Indonesia. The role of customer knowledge is examined as the moderating variable in each relationship, intertwining both independent and dependent variables.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative deductive approach. Descriptive and other statistical analyses, namely, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model of Smart partial least squares, are used. The questionnaires are disseminated to employees of 24 Islamic-based hotels located in Indonesia. The selection of 136 respondents is made using the stratified sampling technique.FindingsThe results established that the three variables of technological resources, human resources and organizational resources have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Next, customer knowledge moderates the effect of technological resources, human resources and organizational resources on customer satisfaction insignificantly.Originality/valueThis study highlighted the role of the newly adopted customer knowledge as a moderating factor in the relationship between the three components of CRM and customer satisfaction in a vulnerable industry (hotels, especially the Islamic-based one) in a developing country.

A structural equation model of factors influencing intimate partner violence victimization and health outcomes among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is a serious public health problem. Factors influencing intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) are not well understood in the Asian context where a powerful patriarchal system exists. In order to understand these factors, this study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model (SEM) of factors influencing intimate partner violence victimization and the resulting health outcomes. Data were collected from 382 male couples, who were registered as members of the Rainbow Sky Association of Thailand. The SEM was developed using AMOS version 24.0. that the model fits the empirical data very well (c2/df = 1.09 , p-value > 0.05, GFI = 0.975, RMSEA = 0.015) and found that 1) Intimate partner violence victimization among MSM was directly influenced by the variables of the greatest effect, younger age followed by open sexual orientation; 2) Physical health outcomes were directly influenced by presence in a risky community and history of family violence; 3) Psychological health outcomes were directly influenced by permissive parenting style, and 4) Both physical and mental health outcomes were indirectly influenced by younger age and open sexual orientation. The results suggest that intimate partner violence prevention programs among young MSM should be implemented at an early age, particularly targeting those with a history of family violence, substance abuse, low education and those living in risky communities. Authoritative parenting styles and stigmatization are also matters of concern.

Psychometric evaluation of the perfectionism scale's characteristics regarding physical appearance in patients seeking rhinoplasty surgery

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the perfectionism scale regarding physical appearance in patients seeking rhinoplasty. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 250 individuals seeking rhinoplasty in Kermanshah beauty clinics. Participants were purposively selected. Tools included perfectionism, social comparison, and body image acceptance scales. Divergence and convergence were assessed using various scales. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and LISREL. ResultsThe obtained value for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.83, indicating that the sample adequacy was desirable, and the data in this study had the potential for factor analysis. The significance level for Bartlett's test of sphericity was also less than 0.0001, demonstrating the appropriateness of factor analysis for identifying the structure (factor model). Furthermore, the Cronbach's alpha-coefficient for the entire scale was 0.853, indicating acceptable questionnaire reliability. Internal consistency among the perfectionism subscales was confirmed. Additionally, the correlation between perfectionism subscales and measures of interindividual sensitivity and body appearance acceptance was confirmed (p < 0.001). Results supported the convergent validity of perfectionism with appearance acceptance and the divergent validity of perfectionism with interindividual sensitivity. ConclusionThis questionnaire, a self-report tool for measuring perfectionism traits in individuals seeking rhinoplasty, is recommended for use alongside interviews and observations for a thorough assessment. However, results may be influenced by individual biases. Despite this, the acceptable validity and reliability of this questionnaire make it suitable for research.

COVID-19 experiences and cruise booking behavior: Insights from YouTube viewers applying revised protection motivation theory

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between risk perceptions (crowding risk perception, health risk perception) and self-protective behavioral intentions and booking intention for COVID-19 using the theory of protection motivation previously verified in the study and to analyze the structural relationship between all variables. In particular, it was intended to investigate the specific impact relationship between COVID-19 risk perception, including crowding risk perception and health risk perception, and self-protective behavior and cruise booking intention. The survey was conducted on subscribers of travel YouTube channels with cruise video content, and the respondents actively responded by providing convenience store beverage coupons. In an online survey conducted for a month from January 15, 2023, 312 samples were collected from travelers who have experienced cruises in the past five years. SPSS and AMOS statistical programs were used, and first, frequency analysis and discriminant validity analysis were verified. In addition, the verification of structural relevance between variables was analyzed by the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). Demographic characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural model analysis verified the hypothesis. Based on the results of the analysis, this study presents basic evidence useful for establishing management strategies for cruise companies.

Development, validation and reliability testing of the hospice care environment scale

BackgroundWHO stated the environment is an important factor affecting the development of hospice care. The environment is the sum of factors affecting behavior besides the individual factors. Currently, a scale to comprehensively assess the hospice environment of nurse is still lacking. This study aimed to develop an instrument to investigate the environmental factors affecting hospice care of nurses.MethodsLiterature review and a semi-structured interview were conducted to form the items pool of the Hospice Care Environment Scale. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted by 16 experts to revise the scale dimensions and entries to form the Hospice Care Environment Scale. A psychometric evaluation was then performed among 530 oncology nurses in a large tertiary oncology hospital in Hubei Province. The 500 valid questionnaires were randomly divided into two groups in a 1:1 ratio, sample 1 (n1 = 250) for item screening and sample 2 (n2 = 250) for quality evaluation of the resulting scale. Item analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis and acceptability analysis were performed.ResultThe Hospice Care Environment Scale consists of two dimensions and 13 entries. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Hospice Care Environment Scale was 0.970, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the two dimensions were 0.952 and 0.969, respectively, with the Item-content validity index and average Scale- content validity index of the scale was both 1.000. The validation factor analysis showed the standardized path coefficients of each item were basically above 0.5, and the factor structure model was stable and suitable. The average completion time of the scale was about 3 min, which had good feasibility.ConclusionThe Hospice Care Environment Scale to assess the environment of hospice care services, has good content and construct validity and reliability. This scale can provide guidance to evaluate the hospice care environment.

To internalize or not? Addressing key differences between Turkish migrant and native workers in construction employment

PurposeMigration is on the rise due to globalization and human mobility. This has led to increased impacts that have affected many industries, including the construction industry. A large number of migrants are employed in the construction sector, and employers are challenged to make sure all employees are properly integrated to meet the demands needed for construction projects. This article addresses key differences between migrant and native workers to help hiring departments in the construction industry analyse workers' attitudes based on cultural and motivational factors to have the workforce they need to succeed.Design/methodology/approachThe research used both quantitative and qualitative surveys. A two-part questionnaire, designed through a comprehensive literature review, was carried out to identify key differences between native and migrant workers. The data were obtained and then analysed using different statistical approaches, including factor analysis protocol, factor structure model, reliability analysis, relative importance index and nonparametric test analysis. A semi-structured interview was then conducted to discuss all the findings.FindingsThe study indicated that migrant workers, compared to natives, tend to give more importance to their working environment, particularly accommodation, work safety and relations with teammates. Also, migrants typically take a socialistic approach instead of an individual approach while at work and reveal an extensive range of behaviours based on a sense of belonging. It might be more important for migrants to have a place in society, to have a settled life and to be integrated into an established order than to improve their rights and benefits. On the other hand, the study argued that native workers tend to prioritize their benefits at work, such as regular payments for overtime and insurance premiums. Their behaviours might carry a more neutral and individual attitude as well as specific cultural traces.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a sample of participants in the Turkish construction sector. Further research based on more cultural models and motivational factors with a larger group of respondents from different countries could offer better results. The results of the study might not apply to a broad context due to many other factors that affect worker behaviours, such as geography, cultural structures and working conditions. Despite these drawbacks, the present paper may help employers and other stakeholders understand the best way to incorporate migrants into the construction industry.Originality/valueThis research is very important for the construction industry in various countries that are currently employing thousands of migrants. Being able to address the key differences between migrants and native workers based on cultural and motivational factors might help with engagement and create a level of harmony in the field for greater productivity.

Impact of Customer Relationship Management Dimensions on Customer Retention through Customer Satisfaction: A Customer Perspective of Balkan Transition Economies

One of the main challenges of service providers is the retaining of the acquired customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has proved to be an effective tool in reaching this objective. Many researchers tested the effect of CRM on customer retention (CR), but most of the studies were focused on developed economies and were analyzed from a business perspective. The literature review highlights the lack of studies that examine the impact of CRM on CR from a customer perspective and that are focused on transition economies, especially in Balkan developing countries. Considering this, our paper aims to develop a model that proves the impact of CRM on CR, focused on three Balkan countries (Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia). Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire from a sample that consists of 764 residents of the three above-mentioned Balkan countries, all customers of the services sector. The research model shows the impact of three CRM dimensions (key customer focus - KCF, technology-based CRM - TCRM, and CRM knowledge management – KM) on customer retention through customer satisfaction (CS). The model fit and research hypotheses were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Model. Findings show a positive impact of KCF, TCRM, and KM on CS, which as a result positively affects CR as well. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.