Structural Equation Modeling Procedures Research Articles

Purchase Intention Role as Mediation between Social Media, Brand Image and Service Quality towards Purchase Decision at INSPIRED27 Distro, Malang City

This research focuses on purchase decision and all of the factor that affected, including social media, brand image, service quality, and purchase intention. Therefore, this research analyze and explore social media effect, brand image and service quality, to know the role of purchase intention as mediation at INSPIRED27 Distro in Malang City. The research using descriptive approach with 113 respondents chosen by simple random sampling method. The data explain with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedure. The results are: 1) social media and brand image significantly influence purchase intention, 2) service quality have positive but not significant towards purchase intention, 3) media social significantly and positively influence purchase decision, meanwhile 4) brand image and service quality have positive but not significant towards purchase decision, 5) purchase intention significantly and positively influence purchase decision, 6) media social and brand image have positive and significant effect towards purchase decision through purchase intention, and last, 7) service quality have positive effect, but not significant towards purchase decision through purchase intention.

Early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between severe childhood trauma and eating disorder symptoms: evidence from an exploratory study

BackgroundChildhood trauma history has frequently been linked to eating disorders (EDs); nevertheless, the scientific literature calls for extending knowledge regarding mediators between EDs and childhood trauma. This study explored whether ED symptoms and early maladaptive schemas were more severe in ED patients with severe childhood trauma than in ED patients with no/mild childhood trauma and whether early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and ED symptom severity.MethodsData were extracted from the Regional Centre for Eating Disorders registry at the University Hospital of Verona. The extracted data included self-reported data, including the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 score, Young Schema Questionnaire score, Childhood Experience and Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire score, and sociodemographic and clinical information on the ED outpatients seeking care. A mediation analysis using the structural equation modeling procedure was conducted.ResultsForty-two outpatients, 31% of whom exhibited severe childhood trauma, satisfied the criteria for registry data extraction. The severity of ED symptoms, as well as the early maladaptive schemas’ scores for emotional deprivation, defectiveness, failure, vulnerability, insufficient self-control, and negativity, were greater in ED outpatients with severe childhood trauma. Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas related to defectiveness, failure, and negativity had a mediating role in the relationship between severe childhood trauma and ED symptom severity.ConclusionsThis exploratory study provides preliminary evidence about the importance of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between trauma history and ED psychopathology. In addition, ED symptoms may represent a dysfunctional attempt to avoid unpleasant emotions associated with schema activation. The results support the need to consider early maladaptive schemas in the treatment of traumatized patients with ED symptoms. Study limitations, research and clinical implications are discussed.

Students' Self-Regulated Learning in Physics: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

This study aims to develop and validate an instrument that measures students' self-regulated learning in Physics. The pilot study involved 400 randomly selected Form 4 students taking Physics. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to assess the suitability of the measurement items and to identify the construct dimensions. Three main components were identified through the EFA procedure, namely self-motivation (DP), metacognitive planning (PM), and metacognitive monitoring (PK). The field study involved 435 Form 4 students taking Physics from daily secondary schools. The study population consisted of Form 4 students from daily secondary schools across Peninsular Malaysia. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling from four states: Perak, Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, and Kelantan. Data from the field study were used to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure. CFA results indicated that the developed instrument is valid and reliable for measuring students' self-regulated learning. Once the measurement model was confirmed through CFA, the researchers structured these constructs into a structural model and estimated the necessary parameters using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedure. This study makes a significant contribution by producing a valid and reliable instrument for measuring self-regulated learning among Form 4 Physics students. This instrument can be used in future research to enhance the understanding of factors influencing students' self-regulated learning in the context of Physics education.

From Expectancy to Acceptance: The Impact of Performance and Effort Expectations on Mobile Commerce Intentions

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant advancement in the development of mobile commerce. This study examines the effect of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and perceived trust on the acceptance of mobile commerce through intention. Convenience sampling was employed whereby 385 survey questionnaires were distributed to consumers residing in Malaysia's Klang Valley area who possess smartphones and engage in mobile commerce transactions. The study's hypotheses were determined using a two-phase structural equation modeling procedure. The results indicated that perceived trust, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy significantly impact the intention to utilize mobile commerce. Moreover, the acceptance of mobile commerce is significantlyimpacted by the intention of utilizing mobile commerce. The results also showed that perceived trust indirectly impacted the acceptance of mobile commerce through intention. However, these insights benefit mobile commerce providers and businesses seeking to improve the acceptance of mobile commerce transactions in Malaysia

Understanding the link between supervisor and co-worker support, job characteristics, work engagement and employee resilience: evidence from Uganda

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between support (i.e. supervisor support (SS) and co-worker support (CS)), job characteristics (job autonomy, job complexity and skill variety) and work engagement (WE). Furthermore, the study examined whether there is a mediating effect of employee resilience (ER) on the aforementioned variables.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from employees working in SMEs in Uganda. A sample of 324 responses was used for data analysis. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping procedures were used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe study findings confirmed that SS, CS and job characteristics were positively related to WE. The study revealed that SS, job autonomy, job complexity and skill variety were found to foster WE through ER. Yet, CS was found not to have an indirect impact on WE through ER.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study was conducted using a cross-sectional research methodology, it makes it hard to draw causal inferences.Originality/valueThis study’s findings contribute to the existing body of literature on WE and job characteristics and also adds to the growing body of research on ER.

Generation Z and Indonesian Social Commerce: Unraveling key drivers of their shopping decisions

The landscape of social media has greatly evolved, which created new opportunities, especially in the field of e-commerce. This has led to the development of social commerce (s-commerce), where social media is used for online shopping and business activities, especially for Generation Z (Gen-Z). This study aims to determine the factors that drive Gen-Z's intention to make purchases on s-commerce from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Prior studies have investigated the factors influencing the utilization of s-commerce by Gen-Z, focusing on aspects related to technology, trust, and the s-commerce construct. In contrast, research in Indonesia pertaining the shopping behavior of Gen-Z tends to concentrate more on e-commerce platforms, little of them focusing on s-commerce. Therefore, bridging this gap is crucial. This study gathered data from 204 Gen-Z users of s-commerce. The collected data underwent analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedures. The findings revealed that the intention to purchase among these users is directly impacted by various factors including the quality of information provided, subjective norms, expectations of hedonic outcomes, expectations of utilitarian outcomes, and the users' self-efficacy. This research offers valuable insights and implications for enhancing the shopping experience of Gen-Z through s-commerce. The findings underscore the importance of tailoring s-commerce strategies to meet the unique preferences and behaviors of this demographic. This study highlights that businesses can better engage Gen-Z by understanding what drives their buying decisions. As Gen-Z is tech-savvy and socially connected, knowing these key factors helps businesses create more effective strategies. This research also opens doors for further studies on how s-commerce is changing and its effects on young consumers.

Travel in trouble: Examining travel resilience in pilgrimage tourism

This study develops a conceptual model demonstrating the impact of spiritual adherence on travel resilience in pilgrimage tourism. The study also investigated the role of religious leaders and stress-coping mindsets in helping pilgrims overcome stressful situations during their travels, leading to successful resilience strategies when the pilgrims return home. Data were collected from pilgrims who participated in pilgrimage during a crisis in Ethiopia, Africa. A two-step structural equation modeling procedure was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses, including a mediation and moderation-mediation path analysis. The study found that a stress-coping mindset partially mediates the role of spiritual adherence on resilience. Additionally, spiritual leadership strengthens the relationships (direct and indirect, through a stress-coping mindset) between spiritual adherence and resilience. The findings explained the role of spiritual adherence in the resilience of the pilgrims, along with the influence of a stress-coping mindset and spiritual leadership. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Are anxiety, depression, and stress distinguishable in Italian adolescents? an examination through the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21.

The adolescents' ability to discriminate between different negative emotional states is still under debate. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) serves as a useful tool to unravel this issue, yet the literature on its structural validity in young people is ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to expand knowledge on the emotional experience of youth by investigating the factor structure and psychometric properties of the DASS-21 in Italian adolescents. Six hundred fifty-five students (60.6% girls) aged 14-18 (M = 16.3 ± 1.29) completed an online survey containing the DASS-21 and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). To evaluate the factor structure of the DASS-21, several alternative models were tested, also adopting an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) procedure. Measurement invariance, reliability, validity, and latent means differences were addressed. The ESEM model with three correlated factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress yielded the best fit to the data, supporting a hierarchical structure of the DASS-21. In addition, this model was invariant across sex and age groups. The Anxiety scale predicted both positive and negative affect, while Depression predicted positive affect only. Finally, girls scored higher than boys on Anxiety and Depression, but no age differences emerged. Overall, our results indicate that anxiety, depression, and stress are distinguishable in Italian adolescents but, simultaneously, share an underlying condition of general distress, which may explain the comorbidity between internalizing problems. Such findings are discussed in terms of clinical and preventive implications for the adolescent population.

Motivations underlying healthy dietary adoption intentions: Evidence from university students in the Czech Republic

AbstractEncouraging people to adopt a healthy diet is believed to reduce the prevalence of obesity. However, a deeper understanding of consumers' psychology regarding healthy dieting is required for this intervention to be effective. To date, knowledge remains limited on the motivations preceding healthy dietary adoption among adult consumers in the Czech Republic, which is undoubtedly facing a high prevalence of obesity among other EU member states. Most importantly, few studies have modeled the food choice motives as primary antecedents of healthy dietary adoption intentions. Therefore, the current study proposes and tests a research model that explains the motivational factors for adopting healthy diets. Data were collected through an online survey involving 161 university students and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) procedures. The results reveal that food choice motives explain healthy dietary adoption intentions satisfactorily. Notably, the natural content and weight control motives positively and significantly affect healthy dietary adoption intentions. The study offers relevant contributions to the science of consumer motivation regarding healthy dieting and practical means to health promotion.

The relationship between student engagement and dropout risk in early adolescence

One of the most reliable predictors of school effectiveness is student engagement, which is not only related to students’ current achievement but also long-term outcomes. Using linear regression and structural equation modeling procedures, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between dropout risk, dimensions of student engagement, and family background. The survey study involved 3251 7th grade Hungarian students who completed the adapted Student Engagement Instrument and self-reported background questionnaire. According to the results, student performance is mainly related to parents’ educational attainment, but a moderate or weak correlation with behavioral, academic, and cognitive engagement is also detectable. While affective engagement shows a weak association with performance, it correlates with other engagement dimensions linked to achievement. This result suggests that support from parents, peers, and teachers may have an indirect effect on achievement; however, the present study could not confirm this hypothetical model. Based on our data, parental educational attainment and student engagement account for approximately 41 % of student performance which draws attention to the complexity of the relationship between student engagement and performance and highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to dropout and student engagement in this context.

Reflecting on the conceptual core and developing a short version of international posture

International posture (IP) is a construct postulated by Yashima (2002) to capture attitudes toward international communities, including readiness to approach and communicate with intercultural partners, interest in international affairs, and willingness to go overseas to stay and work, which are believed to relate to L2 learning motivation. A recent comprehensive review of 66 studies by Botes et al. (2020) identified IP's usefulness and raised certain issues. To address these concerns, this study aims to develop a short version of IP, while maintaining the conceptual core of the original construct, namely: a) Focusing on motivation to learn an L2 as a lingua franca without a clear target population to identify with; b) Addressing both integrative and instrumental motives to learn an L2 that can coexist in learners; and c) Capturing multiple dimensions that comprise the overarching concept of IP. We report the process of developing a 10-item short version of IP with exploratory factor analyses, validation of item selection, and confirmatory factor analyses of the 10 selected items, which show the same structures as the original longer version. Subsequently, correlations as well as structural equation modeling procedures confirmed the nomological position and construct validity of the short scale vis-à-vis motivation-related constructs.

Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Customer Engagement Practices and Customer Loyalty in Hotels in South East Nigeria

This study examines the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the relationship existing between customer engagement practices on customer loyalty in hotels in South East, Nigeria. Specific objectives were to; examine the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the relationship existing between social media marketing (Facebook and Instagram) and customer loyalty in the hospitality industry; examine the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the relationship existing between short messages services (SMS) and customer loyalty in the hospitality industry. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised customers who had used the services of the selected hotels at least once. A sample size of 396 customers quests was chosen from the population. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. A two-shaped structural equation modeling procedure was applied to test the hypotheses. The results show that at 5% level of significance, customer satisfaction has a statistically significant mediating role on the relationship existing between social media marketing (Facebook and Instagram) and customer loyalty, given that ß1 = 0.035; p = 0.015, ß1 = 0.78; p = 0.000, and the mediating role of customer satisfaction is statistically significant at 5% level of significance on the relationship between short messages services and customer loyalty, given that ß1 = 0.521; p = 0.000. The studyconcludes that; customer satisfaction play a mediating role on the relationship existing between social media marketing, and short message services, The study recommends that; to influence customers’ attitude and thoughts; hotel marketing managers should have up-to-date information about the new advancements and developments related to social network websites; Hotel marketing managers should also, ensure that short messages services alerts are persistently sent to relevant customers to enhance their loyalty.

The interplay among paradoxical leadership, industry 4.0 technologies, organisational ambidexterity, strategic flexibility and corporate sustainable performance in manufacturing SMEs of Malaysia

PurposeManufacturing firms must embrace smart technologies and develop complex leadership approaches to achieve sustainability. Using the dynamic capability theory, this paper aims to examine the influence of the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies (AT) and paradoxical leadership (PL) on corporate sustainable performance (CSP) of manufacturing small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Moreover, organisational ambidexterity (OA) is a mediator and strategic flexibility (SF) is a moderator in the study.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a cross-sectional, quantitative study design that collected 395 usable responses through a simple random sampling technique and a close-ended structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) procedures were followed to analyse the data.FindingsThe statistical outcome implies that the AT significantly influence CSP and OA and mediate with CSP in the presence of OA. Moreover, PL shows a significant impact on OA, is insignificant on CSP and mediates with OA and CSP. The authors found a significant association between OA and CSP; however, SF did not provide evidence of a moderate effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study clarify the role that organisational capabilities (OA, AT, PL and SF) play in fostering sustainability. The authors suggest incorporating SMEs from different geographies in other sectors by applying diverse methodologies and relevant constructs.Practical implicationsThe result injects new perspectives into policy, managerial and individual levels. Installing OA, AT, PL and SF makes SMEs sustainable.Originality/valueThe empirical validation of the influence of OA and AT on CSP and the interaction of PL and SF enriches the organisational and entrepreneurial literature.

Preparing the future workforce for 2030: the role of higher education institutions

The invasion of futuristic technologies has made it inevitable for the future workforce to confront this reality and be ready to work in the new world of work in 2030. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are obligated to assume a pivotal role in equipping students with the requisite competencies. COVID-19 has expedited the development process compelling HEIs to make a mega shift to prepare the future workforce. Primary data was collected from HEI students across 11 countries to analyse their confidence to work in the new world of work in 2030 and to understand the role of HEIs in influencing students’ confidence. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Partial Least squares (PLS) based structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures were employed to estimate a structural model of awareness and readiness (cognitive) and confidence (affective) factors, and the combined effect of HEI, awareness, and readiness on overall student confidence in their knowledge, skills and abilities. The statistical results indicate that there are strong significant relations between the HEI-Awareness; HEI-Awareness-Confidence; HEI-Readiness; and HEI-Readiness-Confidence and these dependencies are not just by chance. The results of this research are significant for higher education policy developers and curriculum developers to incorporate future competencies in the program. Further, educators and researchers will benefit from the results to develop teaching strategies and content to equip the future workforce for 2030.et.

Exploratory Procedure for Component-Based Structural Equation Modeling for Simple Structure by Simultaneous Rotation.

Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a structural equation modeling (SEM) procedure that constructs components by weighted sums of observed variables and confirmatorily examines their regressional relationship. The research proposes an exploratory version of GSCA, called exploratory GSCA (EGSCA). EGSCA is analogous to exploratory SEM (ESEM) developed as an exploratory factor-based SEM procedure, which seeks the relationships between the observed variables and the components by orthogonal rotation of the parameter matrices. The indeterminacy of orthogonal rotation in GSCA is first shown as a theoretical support of the proposed method. The whole EGSCA procedure is then presented, together with a new rotational algorithm specialized to EGSCA, which aims at simultaneous simplification of all parameter matrices. Two numerical simulation studies revealed that EGSCA with the following rotation successfully recovered the true values of the parameter matrices and was superior to the existing GSCA procedure. EGSCA was applied to two real datasets, and the model suggested by the EGSCA's result was shown to be better than the model proposed by previous research, which demonstrates the effectiveness of EGSCA in model exploration.

Team innovation: The role of team capabilities and team decision‐making

AbstractDrawing on the team‐member exchange theory, in this paper, we examine how the knowledge‐based three team capabilities (team knowledge management capacity, team absorptive capacity, adaptive team capacity), when shared among team members, will influence the effectiveness of team decision‐making and team innovation. The study was conducted in Indian organizations. Data collected from 112 team members (with experience in innovation projects) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. The findings reveal that team members' capability (knowledge management capacity, adaptive capacity) plays a significant role in team innovation when there is team decision‐making. However, the study found no significant relationship between absorptive capacity and team innovation. The study contributes to the literature on team innovation by offering fresh insights into how the high‐quality Team‐member exchange leads to better capitalization of distinct team capabilities leading to effective team decision‐making, culminating in the generation of creative and novel ideas and solutions.

A study on lender participation in peer to peer lending

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the transformation expectations and well-being of lenders as a consequence of participation in peer-to-peer (p2p) lending in India. The study tested the influence of transformation expectations on well-being, social connectedness on transformation expectations and the influence of customer participation on financial empowerment of borrowers.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey research design was adopted to collect data from 434 customers in India. Structural equation modelling procedure was performed to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe findings show that relational transformation expectations leads to well-being, while social connectedness influences self and relational transformation expectations. Further, customer participation has a positive influence on financial empowerment of borrowers.Practical implicationsManagers may use these findings to create suitable marketing strategies for increasing customer participation in p2p lending.Originality/valuePrevious studies on transformative services have shown that well-being can be achieved through participation in services that are transformative by design, while this study has established that lender participation in peer-to-peer lending can result in relational transformation expectations and lead to well-being. Also, the current study has shown that social connectedness is an antecedent of transformation expectations.

Factors affecting performance excellence in Indonesian state-owned enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have a strategic position as architects of public services, balancing large private powers, helping to foster small businesses or cooperatives, and a considerable basis of state revenue in numerous forms of taxes and dividends. For Indonesia to compete in the global market, its economic actors (private sector, SOEs, and cooperatives) must amplify their performance. This paper aims to explore the factors affecting performance excellence in Indonesian SOEs, namely business environment and innovation capability through business strategy. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to 100 directors/managers representing SOEs in 12 clusters. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) procedures were operated to evaluate the path coefficients and identify the pivotal factors of each construct using SmartPLS. The results exhibited that the business environment (β = 0.357, p < 0.05) and innovation capability (β = 0.518, p < 0.05) positively and significantly affected Indonesian SOEs’ business strategy. Meanwhile, business environment (β = 0.263, p < 0.05), innovation capability (β = 0.273, p < 0.05), and business strategy (β = 0.459, p < 0.05) positively and significantly affected SOEs performance excellence. Moreover, business strategies can partially mediate the effect of the business environment (β = 0.164, p < 0.05) and innovation capability (β = 0.238, p < 0.05) on performance excellence. An important implication of this study is that to maintain and improve performance excellence, SOEs must first focus on the capability of innovation to initiate the implementation of business strategies by constantly addressing the business environment.

The Determinants of Household Debt in Malaysia

This study aims to observe the determinants of the factors affecting household debt in Malaysia. This study has listed six independent variables that would affect Malaysia’s household debt: real interest rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, household consumption expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP), and housing price index (HPI). This research was conducted by using annual data for 30 years (1991-2021); this study also used a quantitative approach to the collection of data using secondary data such as the website of the World Bank, Department of Statistics Malaysia, Eikon Thomson Reuters, and Bank Negara Malaysia. A theoretical model with the hypothesized relationships was tested with the help of the structural equation modelling procedures. Findings showed that the unemployment rate and gross domestic product have a positive and significant relationship with household debt. These determinants are directly affecting household debt in Malaysia, especially in microeconomic factors. This study will contribute to a better understanding that household debt can be influenced by other factors. Further study on the other determinants of household debt may result in varying results.

An empirical investigation of automation technology as material waste mitigation measure at Johor construction sites

Automation technology in the construction industry is the use of advanced tools, devices, and processes that reduce manual labor and enhance efficiency in various construction activities. Automation technology can minimize waste, optimize resource utilization, and reduce the environmental impact of construction processes. This study aims to examine the relationship between automation technology adoptions (ATAs) utilizing reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R), building information modeling (BIM), industrialized building systems (IBSs), green building index (GBI), and Internet of Things (IoT) practices toward construction site performance (CSP) to measure their influences on material waste mitigation measures at Johor construction sites. To achieve these goals, five hypotheses were developed to explore the association between ATA and CSP. Data were gathered utilizing an online survey. The participants were contractors and expert practitioners in the Johor construction industry, including architects, project managers, and academicians/researchers. A total of 257 valid responses were used to investigate the assumptions. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) procedure was used. The findings revealed that ATA utilizing 3R, BIM, IBS, GBI, and IoT as material mitigation measures positively enhances CSP.