Structural Concepts Research Articles

Plural ontology of the international: in search of overcoming the crisis in political science

The article continues the discussion initiated by Mikhail Ilyin in the second issue of this journal in 2024, addressing the crisis in political science linked to the persistence of outdated 19th-century concepts of social structures and processes. As a solution, the article suggests drawing on the experience of IR theory, which has historically faced similar crises and is now seeking solutions on the ontological level. The author demonstrates that the crises in IR theory and the crisis in political science share a common root cause: an embeddedness in a specific political ontology (post-Heideggerian) characteristic of the modern era, based on the opposition between politics and social being. A vivid example of this is Hobbes’s contrast between political order and the state of nature. The article argues that employing alternative political ontologies described by R. Esposito—such as the ontology of constituting (Deleuzian) or the ontology of instituting (neo-Machiavellian, associated with Claude Lefort)—could resolve these crises in both political science and IR theory. In these alternative frameworks, politics does not oppose the “natural order” but rather constitutes (Deleuzian variant) or institutionalizes (neo-Machiavellian variant) it. However, these approaches may also give rise to crises unique to each ontology. Thus, the article underscores the importance of an ontological turn for overcoming crisis tendencies in contemporary social sciences.

Ligand Engineering Regulation toward Zn Ions and Zn Substrate for All‐Climate Zn Metal Batteries

AbstractThe regulation of artificial interphase for advanced Zn anode is an effective solution to achieve superior electrochemical performance for aqueous batteries. However, the deployment of atomically precise architectures and ligand engineering to achieve functionalization‐oriented regulatory screening is lacking, which is hindered by higher requirements for synthetic chemistry and structural chemistry. Herein, we have first performed ligand engineering which selected zinc ion trapping ligands (−CH3) based on the coordination effect, and zinc substrate binding ligands (−N=N−C6H5) based on the electrostatic interaction. Correspondingly, octa nuclear Zn(II)‐Siloxane‐PhPz/BiPhPz/TriPhPz Cluster (OZSPC/OZSBPC/OZSTPC) are accurately synthesized, and OZSBPC is verified to serve as the most suitable artificial interphase via balancing the interactions with both Zn2+ and Zn substrate (“Zn−Zn effect”). Consequently, at −30 °C, the assembled OZSBPC‐Zn symmetric cells run for 3000 h and the assembled full cells with OZSBPC‐Zn anode could be stable for 10,000 cycles. The pouch cells using OZSBPC‐Zn anode deliver a reversible capacity of ~1.2 Ah and the energy density of 41 Wh kgtotal−1 with excellent cycling performance. The successful structural design of OZSBPC explores a novel well‐defined structural design concept as one criterion for artificial interface as well as motivates batteries systems to meet the requirements of industrialization.

Ligand Engineering Regulation toward Zn Ions and Zn Substrate for All-Climate Zn Metal Batteries.

The regulation of artificial interphase for advanced Zn anode is an effective solution to achieve superior electrochemical performance for aqueous batteries. However, the deployment of atomically precise architectures and ligand engineering to achieve functionalization-oriented regulatory screening is lacking, which is hindered by higher requirements for synthetic chemistry and structural chemistry. Herein, we have first performed ligand engineering which selected zinc ion trapping ligands (-CH3) based on the coordination effect, and zinc substrate binding ligands (-N=N-C6H5) based on the electrostatic interaction. Correspondingly, octa nuclear Zn(II)-Siloxane-PhPz/BiPhPz/TriPhPz Cluster (OZSPC/OZSBPC/OZSTPC) are accurately synthesized, and OZSBPC is verified to serve as the most suitable artificial interphase via balancing the interactions with both Zn2+ and Zn substrate ("Zn-Zn effect"). Consequently, at -30 °C, the assembled OZSBPC-Zn symmetric cells run for 3000 h and the assembled full cells with OZSBPC-Zn anode could be stable for 10,000 cycles. The pouch cells using OZSBPC-Zn anode deliver a reversible capacity of ~1.2 Ah and the energy density of 41 Wh kgtotal -1 with excellent cycling performance. The successful structural design of OZSBPC explores a novel well-defined structural design concept as one criterion for artificial interface as well as motivates batteries systems to meet the requirements of industrialization.

Large language models outperform traditional structured data-based approaches in identifying immunosuppressed patients.

Identifying immunosuppressed patients using structured data can be challenging. Large language models effectively extract structured concepts from unstructured clinical text. Here we show that GPT-4o outperforms traditional approaches in identifying immunosuppressive conditions and medication use by processing hospital admission notes. We also demonstrate the extensibility of our approach in an external dataset. Cost-effective models like GPT-4o mini and Llama 3.1 also perform well, but not as well as GPT-4o.

Elastic robotic structures: a multidisciplinary framework for the design and control of shape-morphing elastic system for architectural and design applications

The design of adaptive structures and objects takes place at the intersection of design, architecture, robotics and engineering. Evolving from 1960s cybernetics to today’s interactive projects, technological advancements shape new visions for adaptive systems. A key challenge in this field is developing human-scale, shape-morphing structures. Elastic materials offer a promising solution for creating lightweight systems capable of large transformations with minimal components and energy, unlike conventional rigid systems. This approach requires methodologies for designing and controlling complex material deformations. While architectural and structural design methods focus on large-scale but static elastic structures, soft robotics explores dynamic behaviors. However these approaches are limited for complex shapes and large-scale, as their focus is on specialized applications. To address these issues, this research introduces a multidisciplinary framework for the design and control of shape-morphing elastic system for architectural and design applications. It also presents the concept of elastic robotic structures (ERS), which refers to a body of work developed with the framework. ERS are defined as large-scale elastic systems that are robotically actuated and can achieve multiple geometrical states, interacting with humans and adapting to diverse conditions. The multidisciplinary framework is presented for ERS design, characterization and control, showing how it leverages the integration of architecture, engineering and robotics to overcome the limitations of discipline-specific traditional approaches. The framework is applied in the realization of different types of ERS, which are presented and categorized. Combining the flexibility and interactivity of design methodologies with the reliability of robotic solutions will enable designers and engineers to develop innovative elastic shape-changing systems and program their behaviors.

A Review Study of Conventional and Diagrid Building in Seismic Loading

India is a country where many big projects are still being built, because even an undeveloped city needs to be developed for many years. In the current century, a large number of projects are being built in the world, which will have to be given time, which will greatly improve the planning process. It is necessary to understand the seismic behavior of buildings of the same configuration under different earthquake intensities. A seismic analysis of the structure should be carried out using the various methods available to determine the seismic response. Diagonal structures are external structures with diagonal stresses, peripheral connections and an internal core. These diagonal members carry gravity loads and lateral loads through the axial movement of the member. Thanks to the structural efficiency of the diagonal grid, internal columns and corner columns can be eliminated, providing flexibility in the floor plan. The concept of today's high-rise buildings lies in the architectural features of the building's geometry, which combine rigidity and lightness, and therefore the architectural concept and the structural concept must go hand in hand. On this basis, many lateral load resistance systems have been developed. Tubular systems are the latest technology in this area

You Win Some, You Lose Some: Modifying the Molecular Periphery of Nitrofuran-Tagged Diazaspirooctane Reshapes Its Antibacterial Activity Profile.

The use of the concept of privileged structures significantly accelerates the search for new leads and their optimization. 6-(methylsulfonyl)-8-(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-(5-nitro-2-furoyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane 1 has been identified as a lead, with MICs of 0.0124-0.0441 μg/mL against MTb multiresistant strains. Several series of structural analogues have been synthesized, including variations in the periphery and simplifications of their scaffolds. All synthesized compounds were tested against the MTb H37Rv strain and ESKAPE panel of pathogens using serial broth dilutions. However, an attempt to optimize structure of 1 did not lead to the development of more active compounds which can work against MTb, but to substances with high activity against S. aureus. Induced-fit docking and MM-GBSA calculations determined a change in the likely biotarget from deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase to azoreductases. The privileged nature of the scaffold was demonstrated by the detection of a different type of activity.

Perception and analysis of dynamic stiffness of cable-stayed bridges based on wave analysis

The vertical dynamic stiffness of long-span cable-stayed bridges under vehicle loading is a crucial concern due to their susceptibility to sustained vibrations with notable wave effects. This study investigates the dynamics stiffness perception and enhancement mechanisms of cable-stayed bridges based on fast wave analysis method, proposing wave-associated structural concepts (WSC) for designing stiffer cable-stayed bridges under traffic loading. Initially, the wave function characterizing cable-stayed bridge vibrations is introduced into the representation of the dynamic stiffness of cables and beams, and six WSC for enhancing structural dynamic stiffness are proposed. Subsequently, the fast establishment of the core module for wave function computation is achieved through modular construction of the wave propagation matrix. By employing wave decomposition to clarify the decoupling relationships among the wave components, a distributed algorithm is applied for efficient parallel solving of the wave function. Finally, the reliability and superiority of the proposed method are validated. Using wave analysis method, the stiffness enhancement mechanisms based on WSC and the criteria for implementing WSC in cable-stayed bridges are presented. The case study indicates that the structural dynamic stiffness is related to the wave characteristics which are influenced by both excitations and structural parameters. Enabling the rapid transmission of waves to the structural foundation promote uniform energy distribution and amplitude reduction of wave, thereby enhancing the dynamic stiffness. The beam section stiffness contributes to a dual-effect stiffness enhancement in cable-stayed bridges, effectively increasing the wave velocity. An alternative definition of structural dynamic stiffness is provided based on wave propagation.

STAGES OF CREATING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING THE ACTIVITIES OF HOTEL ENTERPRISES

The paper examines the impact of the war on the hospitality industry, which is facing an acute crisis. To overcome this challenge, businesses need a comprehensive transformation, including the introduction of innovations, improved service levels and the expansion of information campaigns, including in the digital environment. The post-war economic recovery is expected to be accompanied by a decline in wages and staff reductions, but the growing number of jobs will enable development in new areas such as automation and robotics. Automated management systems for the hotel business are becoming increasingly important as they help to reduce costs and increase productivity. In particular, the authors describe an algorithm for building enterprise management information systems (EMIS) that covers all stages from concept development to project support, emphasising the importance of security and flexibility in planning and implementing the system. The algorithm for implementing an IMS begins with a conceptual study, which involves a survey of the facility, formulation of goals and objectives, analysis of documents and identification of software tools. After that, a technical assignment is developed that outlines the basic requirements for the future system. The design stage includes choosing a structural concept, defining database parameters, and creating a set of project documentation. Implementation includes the creation of software and the development of a user interface. The final stages include testing, putting the system into operation, and staff training. The final stage of system maintenance involves warranty service and adjustments to ensure the system's reliable operation in the long term. Particular attention is paid to the creation of databases, which are the basis for the information system. Testing and experimental operation is the final step in the development process, ensuring the system's adaptation to real operating conditions. Implementation of an IMS at modern hotel enterprises allows achieving qualitative changes in management, contributing to safety, speed of operations, saving management resources and making timely management decisions. The article also discusses the conditions necessary for the successful implementation of an IMS: choosing a reliable manufacturer, checking compatibility with local standards, professional qualifications of the team and financial feasibility. A systematic approach to the development and integration of information technologies in the management of hospitality enterprises ensures the effectiveness of solutions, improving their quality and productivity.

The Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of AuxHex Structures.

Based on a combination of hexagonal honeycomb and re-entrant honeycomb cells, the concept of novel hybrid cell structures was developed. Experimental studies and numerical analyses of the behaviour of the analysed structures under in-plane compression in two compression directions were carried out. Explicit finite element analyses with an explicit integration scheme, incorporating plastic deformation and ductile damage evolution models, were employed to analyse the entire deformation process, including plastic and damage stages. Good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical analyses and the experimental studies.

Mapping indefinite causal order processes to composable quantum protocols in a spacetime

Abstract Formalisms for higher order quantum processes provide a theoretical formalisation of quantum processes where the order of agents' operations need not be definite and acyclic, but may be subject to quantum superpositions. This has led to the concept of indefinite causal structures (ICS) which have garnered much interest. However, the interface between these information-theoretic approaches and spatiotemporal notions of causality is less understood, and questions relating to the physical realisability of ICS in a spatiotemporal context persist despite progress in their information-theoretic characterisation. Further, previous work suggests that composition of processes is not so straightforward in ICS frameworks, which raises the question of how this connects with the observed composability of physical experiments in spacetime. To address these points, we compare the formalism of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order (QC-QC), which models an interesting class of ICS processes, with that of causal boxes, which models composable quantum information protocols in spacetime. We incorporate the set-up assumptions of the QC-QC framework into the spatiotemporal perspective and show that every QC-QC can be mapped to a causal box that satisfies these set up assumptions and acts on a Fock space while reproducing the QC-QC's behaviour in a relevant subspace defined by the assumptions. Using a recently introduced concept of fine-graining, we show that the causal box corresponds to a fine-graining of the QC-QC, which unravels the original ICS of the QC-QC into a set of quantum operations with a well-defined and acyclic causal order, compatible with the spacetime structure. Our results also clarify how the composability of physical experiments is recovered, while highlighting the essential role of relativistic causality and the Fock space structure.

IMPLEMENTASI MBKM “MENGAJAR DI SATUAN PENDIDIKAN” DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK NEO GENESIS

This community service learning program is an implementation of the Independent Learning Independent Campus Learning (MBKM) "Teaching in Educational Units" with the object of service at PAUD and Neo Genesis Kindergarten. The goal of this activities are encourage the students to be more familiar with their natural environment. The methodology of this community service learning are to apply PjBL and PBL learning to PAUD and Kindergarten School, so that students are more familiar with the environment. The results of this community service learning program are provide a positive response for students of the natural environment, interact and do activities in nature through handling common cases. In this service, the PjBL project is to invite children to harvest rice and problem-based learning (PBL) is a case of analyzing why plants wilt. The results of learning are the formation of structured concepts and mindsets in analyzing problems and practicing them in everyday life. The conclusion of this community service learning activities is that the PjBL and PBL learning methods are able to further develop students' cognitive and psychomotor aspects towards the natural environment.

Effectiveness of Using Ludo Game-Based Learning Media to Improve Understanding of Spatial Building Concepts in Elementary School Students: Literature Review

Understanding the concept of spatial structures is a significant challenge in elementary school mathematics education due to its abstract nature. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ludo game-based learning media in enhancing students' understanding of spatial concepts. This research uses a literature review method to analyze various previous studies using game-based media to teach spatial concepts. The findings indicate that Ludo games significantly improve students’ cognitive understanding by visualizing abstract concepts more concretely, fostering active and interactive learning, and reinforcing concepts through repetition. Additionally, this medium enhances students' learning motivation and spatial skills. However, its implementation faces challenges, such as diverse student abilities, limited classroom time, and the need for teacher training to integrate the games into the curriculum. These findings highlight the substantial potential of Ludo games in addressing difficulties in mathematics education, particularly in understanding spatial concepts. This study recommends integrating game-based media into teaching strategies to create a more engaging and effective learning environment.

On Study of Multiset Dimension in Fuzzy Zero Divisor Graphs Associated with Commutative Rings

In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy zero divisor graph (FZDG) for a commutative ring R\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$R$$\\end{document} denoted by ΓfR\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\Gamma }_{f}\\left(\ ext{R}\\right)$$\\end{document}. We explore the multiset dimension (Mdim), a new variant of the metric dimension (MD), specifically in the context of FZDGs. To illustrate our findings, we analyze the FZDG for the ring Zn\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathbb{Z}}_{n}$$\\end{document} of integers modulon\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$n$$\\end{document} of integers modulo n\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$n$$\\end{document}, denoted by ΓfZn.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\Gamma }_{f}\\left({\\mathbb{Z}}_{n}\\right).$$\\end{document} We compute the multiset dimension for all possible values of n\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$n$$\\end{document} for the FZDG ΓfZn\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\Gamma }_{f}\\left({\\mathbb{Z}}_{n}\\right)$$\\end{document}, providing significant theoretical insights into its structure. Our results not only advance the understanding of FZDGs and their multiset dimensions but also have practical implications across various fields, including cryptography, coding theory, and network analysis. This study lays the groundwork for future research on the application of fuzzy concepts in graph theory and algebraic structures.

The Ukrainian Crisis: a Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Complex Interplay between Ukraine, Russia, and the West

Abstract This study gives a general overview of the Ukrainian crisis through the lens of game theory, examining the motivations and constraints of Ukraine, Russia, and the West. Game theory provides structural concepts that explore trust, cooperation, risk-taking, and coordination challenges within the crisis. The analysis considers the impact of power imbalances and external factors like alliances and historical ties, strategic behavior, and other factors. The article concludes by highlighting key takeaways from the game-theoretic approach that can provide a roadmap towards a deeper analysis, and a structural diplomatic approach to conflict resolution.

Employing a Generalization of Open Sets Defined by Ideals to Initiate Novel Rough Approximation Spaces with a Chemical Application

A close similarity and analogy between rough set theory and topology is attributed to the corresponding behavior of lower and upper rough approximations with interior and closure topological operators, respectively. This relation motivates joint studies between topology and this theory. We endeavor by rough set theory to enlarge the knowledge we obtain from the information systems, for this reason, we apply the abstract concept of ideal structures to build new generalized approximation spaces with less vagueness. In the present work, we employ a novel type of nearly open sets in topology so-called ``${\mathcal{L}}$-${\theta\beta}_{\lambda}$-open" with an ideal structure to introduce novel approximation spaces satisfying the desired properties concerning shrinking the boundary region of uncertainty and expanding the domain of confirmed information. We set up the fundamentals of the proposed rough paradigms and demonstrate their superiority over the preceding paradigms induced by some nearly open sets. Two algorithms are furnished to illustrate the way of specifying the family of ${\mathcal{L}}$-${\theta\beta}_{\lambda}$-open sets and exploring whether a subset is ${\mathcal{L}}$-${\theta\beta}_{\lambda}$-definable or ${\mathcal{L}}$-${\theta\beta}_{\lambda}$-rough. Then, we put forward the concepts of rough membership relations and functions and uncover their core characterizations. Finally, we examine the proposed models to model a real situation in the Chemistry field and clarify how our models improve the outcomes of generalized approximation spaces over the previous models.

The Study of Intraparty Frictions: Conceptual Reflections on Preference Heterogeneity, Disagreement, and Conflict

Every complex organization is sometimes marked by preference heterogeneity, disagreement, and conflict. Within political parties, such frictions are traditionally viewed negatively, while recent research has started to perceive them more positively. How might such contradictory evaluations be explained? Through a three-step conceptual analysis we (1) identify two analytical perspectives on intraparty friction, one rooted in a primarily structural conception of parties, one in a primarily behavioral conception; and (2) specify a minimal definition of intraparty friction, which underpins a hierarchical concept structure to (3) suggest a way to resolve contradictions in the consequences attributed to intraparty frictions. Structuralist accounts often view frictions as negative due to a more demanding conceptual threshold, suggesting different types and levels of risk taking by conflict partners. Conversely, behavioralist perspectives see friction more often as beneficial because they focus on expressed disagreement without necessitating an organizational response. Our conceptual tools have important implications for research on membership organizations generally.

Text als System

Abstract The paper examines the development of Hans Zeller’s editorial views, focusing on the adaptation of semiological structuralism, especially his attempts to frame texts as ‘systems of signs’. Zeller suggests that even a single variant constitutes a new version („Fassung“). While being an influential centerpiece in the development of Zeller’s theoretical views up to the mid-1970s, his application of structuralist concepts to editorial theory is fraught with difficulties. Specifically, Saussure’s notion of the systemic character of language (‹langue›) is not applicable to single texts. Zeller’s claims to this effect are not supported by either Miroslav Červenka, whom Zeller most prominently cites, or by the linguistic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure. The problem of establishing and justifying a viable notion of text versions for editorial theory remains unresolved up to this day. Zeller’s temporary commitment to theory (specifically to semiological structuralism) may even have inadvertently undermined the project to build a shared editorial methodology.

Peer-Mediated Social Skills Interventions in Primary School Settings for Autistic Children in the Light of the ICF Bio-psycho-social Model. A Systematic Review.

This systematic review expands the current knowledge about Peer-Mediated Interventions (PMIs) for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, focusing exclusively on primary school age (6-12years). The study has three aims: (1) describing the main features of the PMI programs; (2) discussing the PMIs efficacy on autistic children's social skills; (3) analyzing whether the PMIs were coherent with the bio-psycho-social model promoted by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification system, by referring to the person-environment interaction and to the concepts of body functions and structures, environmental factors, and activity and participation. The systematic review followed the PRISMA-P method. The literature search was conducted in August 2024 through PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Education Source, and PubMed databases. A total of 558 articles were generated; 1 study was later added. Twenty-four articles were finally included. Most of the studies used a multiple baseline design across subjects and proved to be effective. Yet, only 5 studies included a follow-up assessment, which showed contrasting results. PMIs partly fit the ICF bio-psycho-social vision, even if they were not designed for this purpose. Our analysis arises from the belief that systematically including the perspective of individual-environment interaction could better guarantee the intervention efficacy.

Multifunctional bistable ultrathin composite booms with flexible electronics

Small satellites such as CubeSats pose demanding requirements on the weight, size, and multifunctionality of their structures due to extreme constraints on the payload mass and volume. To address this challenge, we introduce a concept of multifunctional deployable space structures for CubeSats based on ultrathin, elastically foldable, and self-deployable bistable composite structures integrated with flexible electronics. The multifunctional bistable booms can be stored in a coiled configuration and self-deploy into a long structure upon initiation by releasing the stored strain energy. The boom demonstrates the capabilities of delivering power and transmitting data from the CubeSat to the flexible devices on the boom tip. The boom also shows the ability to monitor the dynamics and vibration during and after the deployment. A payload boom has been installed in a 3 U CubeSat as flight hardware for in-space testing and demonstration. This effort combines morphable ultrathin composite structures with flexible electronics.