Clarity Of Structure Research Articles

The Matching Familiar Figures Test: a primary, secondary, and tertiary evaluation.

Analyzed the Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) Test, which has been employed by researchers to determine conceptual tempo, for potential use as a tool for the clinician. The literature indicates that the test is valid in terms of range and structural clarity of information provided. The psychological factors inherent in impulsivity are discussed, along with some significant implications of the MFF that justify its further development. Currently, the primary deficits are a lack of norms as well as an alternate form. Several crucial advantages of this test are listed that favor its use in a clinical environment.

Editing Illustrated Books: Papers Given at the Fifteenth Annual Conference on Editorial Problems, University of Toronto, 2–3 November 1979 ed. by William Blissett (review)

Reviewed by: Editing Robert Grosseteste. Papers Given at the Thirty-Sixth Annual Conference on Editorial Problems, University of Toronto, 3–4 November 2000 Lesley Smith (bio) Evelyn A. Mackie and Joseph Goering, editors. Editing Robert Grosseteste. Papers Given at the Thirty-Sixth Annual Conference on Editorial Problems, University of Toronto, 3–4 November 2000 University of Toronto Press. xvi, 208. $39.95 The great medieval scholar and bishop Robert Grosseteste remains an enigmatic giant on the intellectual horizon. This is partly because, in R.W. Southern's words, quoted in Joseph Goering's introduction to this volume, '[no] other individual embraced so powerfully, or with such independent power, the whole range of contemporary learning, passing successively from music and medicine, to astronomy and cosmology, to the study of ... Aristotle, to the Latin and Greek Fathers, and beyond them to translating and commenting on the Hierarchies of pseudo-Dionysius'; it is partly, too, because this individuality and non-conformity means that large parts of Grosseteste's long career are even more mysterious to us than the careers of other medieval thinkers. Editing Grosseteste, then, requires knowledge of and skills in a very broad range of expertise, and it is not surprising that few modern scholars have attempted an overview of his life and works. The dating of his works is problematical. Moreover, Grosseteste's own working methods make editing his work unusually difficult. since he seems to have reworked his subjects, or produced successive versions of his texts over long periods of time, and rarely to have considered something to be in a finished and 'published' form. Much of his work seems (as Cecilia Panti's essay also implies) to have been written for himself, rather than for others. Mackie and Goering have here assembled a small group of scholars, each addressing a facet of the Grosseteste problem. The list comprises James McEvoy on the man and his legacy; James R. Ginther on Super Psalterium; Mackie on Le Château d'Amour; Candice Taylor Quinn on the Corpus Dionysiacum; Neil Lewison the Notes on the Physics; Panti on early [End Page 389] cosmology; and Jennifer Moreton on editing texts which turn out not to be by Grosseteste. The balance of these essays is very good indeed. Mackie shows how subsequent copyists of Grosseteste's text adapted it for specific audiences. Her conclusions are balanced and are based on her intimate knowledge of the MSS and textual tradition. Similarly, Quinn addresses the vexed issue of Grosseteste's knowledge of Greek, giving a neat short overview of pseudo-Dionysius in the Middle Ages. She too then draws on her close readings of the MSS to make general points. She notes the difficulties of reading Grosseteste which seem to be inherent in his often long-winded and parenthetical style. It is refreshing to see a Grosseteste scholar admit that his intelligent and original ideas are not matched by clarity of expression and structure. And Quinn makes another undoubtedly correct point: that for Grosseteste, 'the sole purpose and end of studying doctrine was evangelical. For him, symbolic theology was not at odds, nor could it be, with the analytic ... approach ... for comprehending the sensible world.' Lewis, faced with the particularly difficult Notes on the Physics, both makes good points about the varieties of version available in Grosseteste's own time (showing along the way how his medieval editors struggled with his texts), and by his careful textual work redates these texts to the 1220s from the 1230s, hoping thereby to clarify our knowledge of Grosseteste's earlier career. Panti's close work on three cosmological texts is also supportive of the likelihood raised elsewhere by Goering (whose intelligent readings of Grosseteste are seconded in other essays here as well) that Grosseteste spent a substantial part of 1220-30 in Paris, if not formally studying theology in the Schools, then talking and listening to those who did. Ginther raises the possibility of editing Grosseteste using the literary concept of mouvance - producing texts not in a single 'perfect' state as classical principles of editing would prefer, but as a series of versions, changing with time, perhaps, or with audience or with scribe, possible with computer hypertext in...

Listening and clarity of syntactic structure

Listeners repeated fully grammatical sentences, exemplifying 12 linguistic constructions, heard through noise. In half the sentences the basic grammatical relations or constituent structure were more clearly displayed than in the matching versions. Although the differences in structure between the two versions were minimal (often just the presence or absence of a function word), the "clear" sentences were correctly repeated on the average 19% more often than the "distorted" sentences were. The results suggest that minor structural cues are important in listening to speech, at least under adverse conditions.

Procedures and equipment for staining large numbers of plant root samples for endomycorrhizal assay.

A simplified method of clearing and staining large numbers of plant roots for vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal assay is presented. Equipment needed for handling multiple samples is described, and two formulations for the different chemical solutions are presented. Because one formulation contains phenol, its use should be limited to basic studies for which adequate laboratory exhaust hoods are available and great clarity of fungal structures is required. The second staining formulation, utilizing lactic acid instead of phenol, is less toxic, requires less elaborate laboratory facilities, and has proven to be completely satisfactory for VA assays.

A Process Control Operating System with Interrupt Driven Scheduling

In process control application due to concurrency and resource sharing quite a few tasks has to be performed by the operating systen. This is usually solved by special programs like schedular and by the implementation of well known software tools like semaphores, critical regions etc.In a given application for machine tool control special effort has been made to shift as many duties of the OS as possible to the sophisticated interrupt handling of the modern computer hardware. To achieve this goal that principle was kept in mind when partitioning the whole program that processes should not need new resources once already activated. This led to the fact that at all points of synchronization the process was terminated and a new process was founded. Besides each process was associated by a possibly distinct interrupt level.Although due to hardware restrictions there principles could not be carried out perfectly the gain in speed and structure clarity is significant.

On the professional socialization of black residents in psychiatry

Residents in psychiatry, in addition to acquiring technical knowledge and skills, undergo the process of professional socialization during which they assimilate the values, attitudes, and normative behavior of their professional group. The socialization of any group of trainees is fostered by the clarity and precision of a socialization structure and by the visibility and contribution of certain specific agents of socialization. The authors outline the areas of this process that create problems for black residents in psychiatry and suggest alternatives to the present experience encountered in most training programs.

Welwitschia mirabilis: Fine Structure of the Germinating Seed VI. The Quiescent Embryo

Summary With the exception of starch the reserve materials of the dry, quiescent embryo are meagre in comparison with the cells of the megagametophyte. However, membranes and membranous organelles display a greater clarity of structure in the dry state and short segments of rough ER are present. Fibrous inclusions pervade both nucleoplasm and nucleolar lumina, and crystal-like aggregates resembling them also occur in the cytoplasm. Protein bodies (diameter ca. 2 µm) are smaller than those in the gametophyte (diameter ca. 5 µm); microbodies are rare and no dictyosomes are observed. Ribosomes may be seen attached to the periphery of the lipid body.

Gilkey’s Reaping the Whirlwind: A Review Article

GILKEY'S REAPING THE WHIRLWIND: A REVIEW ARTICLE * I L ANGDON GILKEY OF the University of Chicago is an interestingly eclectic American theologian whose thought has been developing in an explicit dialogue with other theologians and scholars beyond theology-not only philosophers but historians and a variety of social scientists as well. He is "eclectic" in the creative sense of that adjective, fusing and synthesizing elements from Whitehead and Heidegger, Tillich and Niebuhr with elements from Ernst Bloch and the current Liberation theologians. Gilkey stands in a tradition native to the study of divinity at the University of Chicago with its strong emphasis on the social matrices of religious thought. His oeuvre has been growing steadily for almost twenty years. It now consists of three major works-Maker of Heaven and Earth (1959), Naming the Whirlwind (1969) and this latest, Reaping the Whirlwind (1976)-plus two smaller more specialized studies, Religion and the Scientific Future (1970) and Catholicism Confronts Modernity (1975), and a number of articles and reviews. Maker of Heaven and Earth, developed from a doctoral dissertation , was done in the classic magisterial style of modern theology. It is an excellent study of the doctrine of creation and an updating of it in the light of contemporary philosophy and the sciences. It was to be followed by a sister-volume doing the same with the doctrines of providence and eschatology. But the theological turmoil of the 60s-the "secularity" boom and the God-ls-Dead phenomenon-hit Gilkey broadside, intellectually, and forced him, as he tells us, into writing a sort of book he had not really planned on writing: Naming the Whirlwind. This work is a re-consideration of the very foundations of theology and theological language. Against the reductionistic claims of the secularizers and morticians of deity, it offered a phenomenological defense of " transcendence," arguing for certain "ultimate dimensions" found inevitably even in modern secular experience. * Langdon Gilkey, Reaping the Whirlwind: A Christian Interpretation of Bmorg (New York: The Seabury Press, 1976, 446 pp.) 185 136 CHARLES STINSON Reaping the Whirlwind bears very much the genetic marks of its two predecessors. It exhibits the concern with theological updating seen in the first, and the close attention to the unsettled state of dogmatics seen in the second. There has been, though, a noticeable decrease in clarity of arrangement and structure when we compare Reaping with the two earlier works. It is a very densely packed text, with not a few sentences overloaded like this one: In turn the r.elation between actuality and possibility, the synthesis of past, present and future into self-creative event, is the most fundamental role of providence, through its creative power moving each achieved actuality, each given, into the role of a destiny for self-actualizing freedom, and then presenting to each present, in the light of that destiny, novel but relevant possibilities for its future. (p. fl85) In addition there has been an enormous swelling of the footnote apparatus. A subtextual discussion, gathered together into no less than 110 pp. of endnotes at the back of the book, constitutes virtually an opusculum in itself. Compare this with the brief and infrequent footnotes found in the works of Niebuhr or Tillich who did " social " and " cultural " theology but a generation ago. Even Gilkey's earlier books had less subtextual discussion. This increase is, possibly, the result of an imperfect digestion of material. More probably, however, it is due to the stepped-up rate of productionthe theological journal-and-information explosion-and increasing complexity of issues raised in dogmatics, both Protestant and Catholic, after the 60's. Gilkey is a master of an ever-sprawling literature which resists a magisterial tidying up. Despite its densities, then, and other related inconvenientiae, Reaping the Whirlwind is an important theological study. It is not written, of course, for the lay public or for the parish clergy; it is to be read by theologians and other scholars who will debate its theses. Gilkey is extraordinarily generous in the space he gives to the views of others, both theologians and non-theologians. Almost a third of the main text-100 out of 319 pages plus most of the 110...

SIMPLE STRUCTURE AND THE NUMBER OF FACTORS PROBLEM.

If the varimax criterion values. for rotations of successively greater numbers of principal axes of the image covariance matrix G are listed, they may be examined for two features: the unimodality of the distribution reflects the clarity of latent structure; and the peak value indicates the number of common factors present. The procedure is applied to nine published example problems and compared to other rules of thumb for determining the rank of a factor matrix.

“Punctuation" And Patterning In The Homecoming

NOWHERE IN MODERN DRAMA has the power of patterned action to grip an audience been demonstrated more effectively than in the plays of Harold Pinter. Using only the simplest of means-a room, several characters, a few events, restricted and often enigmatic dialogue Pinter is capable of eliciting an attention in the theatre which is almost obsessive in its intensity. This is not the result of his setting out to baffle audiences with insoluble riddles (though some of the contradictions in his earlier plays might appear to support such a charge), but of his ability to focus attention on significant detail. Instead of attempting to sweep the audience along with the explicit connections and progressions of the well-made play, Pinter challenges it to assume the creative role of responding to the sub-textual implications of his dialogue and stage-business. This would hardly be possible, however, were it not for his systematic use of a range of devices for pointing. and punctuating the action: the hesitation (indicated in the text by three dots), the pause~ the silence~ the blackout~ and the curtain. An analysis of the functions of these theatrical "stops" as they are used in The Homecoming illuminates Pinter's method of communicating in the theatre and emphasises the structural clarity of this particular play.

CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST SCORES AND OTHER DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLES.

For the clinician, the validity of a test or assessment technique resides in the range and structural clarity of the information it provides him about the individual client with whom he works. 2 devices, for example, might be equal in forecasting a particular criterion, yet differ widely in their personological implicatons. Analysis of this problem permits specification of 3 levels of evaluation: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The conceptual model defined by these levels would appear to incorporate the kind of information which the diagnostician desires, and which indeed he must have if he is to function in an insightful and fully professional manner. The purpose of this paper is to offer a point of view concerning the meaning of measurement in psychology. Attention is centered on the use or application of such measures, and what they tell the interpreter about the individual who has been tested. Significant prior discussions of the validity issue in testing and diagnosis have sought to classify tests according to the criteria employed in their construction and evaluation (cf. Cronbach & Meehl, 1955), and to specify ways in which discriminations may be sharpened (cf. Campbell & Fiske, 1959). These emphases are important, but nevertheless do not touch on all of the significant facets of meaning subsumed under the concept of validity. The intention here is to present a different perspective, one which stresses the implications of any scale or variable when it is brought to bear upon the analysis of the individual case. From this perspective, the practitioner in testing seeks variables which permit individuated descriptions of the subject who has been tested, forecasts of what he will say or do,

A temporary stain for Paramecium and other ciliate protozoa.

A new temporary stain for the demonstration of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures in Paramecium and other protozoan ciliates during both vegetative reproduction and meiotic reorganization consists of a mixture of 10.5 parts of acetocarmine, 4.5 parts of 45% acetic acid, 2 parts of 1 N HCl and 1 part of 1% solution of fast green FCF in 95% alcohol. This stain replaces the acetocarmine and acidified methyl green nuclear stains commonly employed and has the following advantages: (1) it affords simultaneous differential stainability of nucleus and cytoplasm (brown-red and green to grey-green, respectively); (2) it provides differential stainability of newly developing macronuclei (homogeneous pale green), fragments of the old macronucleus (brown-red), and food vacuoles (granular, bright blue-green); and (3) it results in a delicate and more transparent stain which affords greater clarity of internal structure. Proportions may be shifted slightly to achieve the optimum results for any particular organism. Conc...