Changes In Structure Of Production Research Articles

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES

The fact that agriculture as a strategically important sector of the economy has its own specifics and this also requires expanding the application of the achievements of scientific and technical progress of economic subjects in the implementation of structural changes in production. According to this perspective, the optimal coordination of the activities of producers of products belonging to various forms of ownership is crucial to ensure the sustainable growth of agriculture at the current stage of structural alterations. By studying the issues mentioned in the article, the main directions of sustainable development of the agricultural sector are determined. The article analyzes transition from the current field management system to the functional management system, the widespread employment of managers, and marketing strategies should be the primary goals of developing a new management system and its constituent management mechanisms. This is necessary because, as a result of changes, private property will inevitably become the dominant type of ownership in the agricultural sector. The widespread use of self-management techniques is presently exhibited as one of the most significant concerns as a result of the application of management structures and mechanisms inherent in a market economy at all levels of the agro-food complex.

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY

In today's world, the issue of sustainable economic growth and labor productivity is very acute. Low levels of labor productivity in all sectors of the economy affect the overall effectiveness of the state production and economic system, as labor productivity is a criterion for the efficient use of labor resources and social reproduction. The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate and structure the system of factors that affect productivity. The research task is to analyze the categorical apparatus, economic essence and significance of labor productivity, to classify factors and conditions of labor productivity increase at industrial enterprises, to show practical application of formulas for calculation of possible dismissal of workers on the basis of measures to increase labor productivity. To do this, the article provides a definition of "productivity" and "productivity", "production per employee". It is proposed to combine many factors that determine the growth of labor productivity into the following groups: increasing the technical level of production, improving the organization of production and labor, increasing production, structural changes in production, the impact of natural conditions. It is emphasized that the identification and use of reserves for productivity growth leads to lower production costs and increase profitability, and thus increases the viability of enterprises.

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

The article summarizes the approaches to the definition of specialization in agriculture. The factors and conditions for the optimal location of agricultural production in the region are shown. Unlike the pre-reform period, when the main link in the specialization of agricultural production were collective and state farms, to a lesser extent - subsidiary farms of industrial enterprises, today territorial specialization at the level of municipal production volumes and create the necessary infrastructure for this. Specialization should be viewed as a process of structural changes in production, when resources are redistributed between the production of various types of products, new proportions are formed, in agriculture - primarily in land use. In this case, it is proposed to determine the specialization of municipal districts based on their contribution to the production of specific types of products in the region and average annual growth rates. Based on the ratio of these indicators, the following types of municipalities were identified in the areas of specialization - growth points (with a high share in the volume of production and high growth rates) and stagnating territories (when a high share in the volume is combined with low growth rates). Compiled maps of the specialization of agricultural production in the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan for today and for the future, for the period up to 2030. Determination of the specialization of agricultural production in municipal districts for the future, allows you to create the necessary infrastructure in them, taking into account the changed conditions, to make fuller use of the existing potential.

Evaluation of the structural changes in production in the food industry

This article is devoted to assessing the structural changes in manufacturing in the food industry. First, the article deals with the current issues in the food industry and the actions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, followed by a brief review of the scientific literature on the subject, i.e., ideas on these structural changes, structural growth, and the concept of reference content. The research methodology then outlines the formulas used to find the reference values for food production composition, the ratio to the reference content (as a coefficient), and the value of the improved Lilien index (MLI). The results of the empirical analysis show the share of basic food production (as a percentage), changes in the structure of basic food production (as a percentage of the total) and reference values in the structure of the manufacturing industry. It also highlights the proportionality (as a coefficient) of the main food production components formed in 2015-2018 and the dynamics of the overall changes (change in the values of the MLI). At the end of the article, summarizing all the results of the calculations, scientific conclusions and recommendations for changes in the composition of basic food production in the country are presented.

Українські підприємства в тандемі політики декарбонізації

The article is aimed at reflecting the essence of the course of European countries to reduce carbon emissions, which is the core of the policy of decarbonization. The stages of implementation of such a policy lead to structural changes in production, and quarantine conditions during the pandemic lead to changes in public consumption of certain types of goods. In addition to the economic stages of the implementation of the «green program», the EU countries have developed an investment plan to activate private and public production in the appropriate direction. Private investors join it in order to get involved in projects with the State guarantee of their implementation – both in European countries and from abroad. At present, such promising and global economic and investment measures to ensure the policy of decarbonization are not taking place in Ukraine. However, the private sector of Ukrainian production reacts ahead, in contrast to the State legislative position, with a certainty as to priority opportunities in order to increase competitiveness. Taking into account these major external factors of influence, it is identified the goods that have undergone significant changes in their demand, namely: devices for heating the premises. The dynamics of the sale of this product has increased in the world market due to lockdowns in different countries, and in the Ukrainian market – due to the fact that domestic producers have competitive prospects. The article examines the volume of world imports and exports of devices for heating premises, describes ways of selling Ukrainian goods abroad, as well as reasoned prospects for new, underserved foreign markets. In addition, domestic enterprises carrying out innovative production of this ware are identified and an analysis of its competitiveness is carried out. The successful sale of this product is facilitated by the independent work of the domestic producer to promote its own export goods, as well as existing consumer changes due to the deepening of most European countries into the «green» policy.

¿Cambio estructural en la Bolivia posneoliberal? Entre la industrialización y el boom de los commodities

Este trabajo evalúa si se produjo un cambio estructural productivo en Bolivia durante la presidencia de Evo Morales. Para ello, se analizan los principales indicadores de cambio estructural, así como tres índices internacionales. Los resultados del análisis muestran que el país creció fruto del boom en los precios de sus commodities, pero que las políticas industriales desplegadas no propiciaron transformaciones significativas en términos de modernización de su estructura económica, aumentos de la productividad ni mejoras de su competitividad internacional.

Structural changes in the Brazilian economy 1990–2015

This paper analyses the structural changes in the Brazilian economy from 1990 to 2015 by applying structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The production structure of emerging economies is an important field of research because it enables the assessment of sectoral policies and technological progress to support sustained economic growth in the long-term. The investigation described here was conducted using input–output matrices for a short and long-term analysis which enabled us to verify the importance of twelve aggregate sectors regarding changes in production, final demand and technological coefficients. This topic could be used for such analyses in any other country. The results indicate that the production structure of Brazilian economy remains fragile and dependent on demand shocks for its growth. Furthermore, manufacturing industry remains the major sector capable of promoting structural changes in production.

Structural Changes in Foreign Trade as a Factor of Competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia

Abstract The paper aims to analyse structural changes in foreign trade based on systematic statistical data as a factor of competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia. First, contemporary tendencies in international trade are analysed, where the value and volume of world trade are monitored, as well as key changes in the structure of world exports and imports in the observed period. By assessing the position of the Republic of Serbia in international trade, it is necessary to consider the extent to which the foreign trade of the Republic of Serbia adapts to the structural changes in world trade. Then, the structure of the merchandise exchange of the Republic of Serbia according to the purpose of the product is examined as well as the structure of the merchandise exchange according to sectors and commodity groups. Later in the paper, the achieved development of the industry is questioned, where the focus of the analysis is put on the quality of exports and the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, which in the Republic of Serbia produces most of the exchangeable goods. The last part of the paper deals with the analysis of the technological structure and factor intensity of Serbian goods exports. In this way, the research question is answered that there is a need for structural changes in production and foreign trade in the Republic of Serbia in order to improve its competitiveness.

Comparative Advantage Following (CAF) development strategy, Aid for Trade flows and structural change in production

This article investigates empirically the interaction between countries’ Comparative Advantage Following (CAF) development strategy and Aid for Trade (AfT) interventions in influencing the extent of structural change in production. Based on the Generalized Methods of Moments and an unbalanced panel dataset containing 81 countries over the period 1996–2016, the empirical exercise has shown that AfT flows are complementary with the CAF development strategy in generating a higher extent of structural change in production. Thus, higher amounts of AfT flows help promote structural change in production in countries that have adopted the CAF development strategy.

ОСНОВНІ ПРИНЦИПИ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article considers the basic principles of activating the innovative activity of the enterprise. It is noted that innovation is the most important means of structural changes in production, ensuring the competitiveness of products and providing conditions for modern enterprises to enter the foreign market. Incomplete use of own domestic investment sources and reasons of socio-economic, legal and political nature necessitate the intensification of innovative activities of enterprises. The essence of the management of innovation processes at the enterprise is that in the modern market the enterprise can be positioned only with a high level of technical or qualitative characteristics of products. In addition, the economic essence of innovation is manifested in the unity of all its components, properties, internal processes, relationships, contradictions, trends and is a set of economic, financial, commercial and organizational measures taken by participants in the innovation and investment process to finding the necessary investment resources, rational formation of their structure and selection of the most effective objects for investment. The effective implementation of innovations in the enterprise depends on the available resource potential of the enterprise and the efficiency of its use. It is noted that the innovation and investment activities of the enterprise is a purposeful process of implementing a set of measures to obtain the appropriate effect, requiring justification of investment, search and selection of investment resources aimed at using research, innovation, fundamentally new products for further implementation. domestic and foreign markets. The intensification of innovative activities will provide the company with technological changes that determine scientific and technological progress, improve product quality, its competitiveness and enable access to the international market with manufactured products. It is argued that the implementation of the basic principles of innovation in a modern enterprise will introduce an investment and innovation management system, based on the actions of levers, expressed in the organization, planning and promotion of efficient use of investment resources and their successful investment in innovation projects to achieve effect.

Effect of Education Sector Expenditure on Economic Growth in Arab Spring Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

From the second half of the twentieth century, human capital began to be added more and more, particularly to the basic factors of production considered as labor, capital, entrepreneurs and natural resources in classical economic theory. With this structural change in production, human capital development has become very important for internal growth models. Nowadays, as the strength of arms power in production is greatly reduced, brain power has increased in importance and the idea of people investing in themselves has been widely accepted. Education, which is one of the important dynamics of human capital with health, plays an important role in this context. Increasing the level of success with the higher education level, recruitment of qualified workers, better employment opportunities and increased earnings are significant contributors to growth and prosperity. The study explores the dynamics of education and economic growth expenditure in selected five major Arab countries with balanced panel data from 2000 to 2014. The results of Pedroni, Kao and Johansen Fisher 's co- integration show that there is a long- term balance between education and economic growth expenditure in all countries. The study argues that education is one of the important economic growth ingredients in all five major Arab spring countries. Education should be given priority and a handsome of the government's total expenditure on education should be made by enhancing different elementary, higher and technical education in the respective nations to have the skilled manpower for the long-term economic development.

SYSTEM DETERMINANTS OF UNEQUAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBALIZED WORLD

Introduction. Globalization has accelerated the transformation of authoritarian societies into the perception of individual elements of the liberal-market model. It created favorable conditions for their cooperation with developed Western countries; stimulated economic modernization; and attracted countries to world economic processes. Positive shifts in the development of developing countries are associated with high rate of growth. But on the other hand, globalization left national states little chance to preserve their own economic, political and cultural sovereignty and strengthened their dependence on the developed world. Purpose. Purpose of the article is research of the unequal economic participation and divergence of economic inequality in developing countries and estimation of their impact on the uneven development of the world. Methods. The method of content formalization the development, growth and convergence of developing countries is used; hypothetical-deductive method in evaluating the level of preindustrial inequality in the world is used; systematic approach to analyze income gap per capita between rich and poor countries is used; hypothesis method for poverty reduction ways and geopolitical risks elimination is used. Results. The research is focused on development, growth and convergence of developing countries in the world economy. It is estimated the level of preindustrial inequality and it is established the starting point of its occurrence in the world. The developing and industrialized world is concentrated in dozens of countries where economic growth was associated with structural changes in production and employment. The research showed a gap in income per capita between rich and poor countries. The exclusion of the least developed countries is a key factor of international inequalities in the world as a whole and within the developing regions. It is defined the share of people below the poverty line and the level of its influence on world development. If rapid growth has led to human development and social progress in some countries, then in much more countries this growth has not provided development. It is explored the poverty reduction measures, non-economic factors and geopolitical risks that can destroy the further growth of developing countries. Conclusion. In a context of structural change, the development of the global economy will largely depend on the growth rates of developing countries. Despite the growing of economic power, developing countries can face certain specific problems associated with the pursuit of rapid economic growth. For economic development, developing countries should eradicate poverty, create jobs and inclusive growth. This sustainable way of developing mobilizes human resources of developing countries. The spread of education is the basis of the development of countries that industrialized late. Infrastructure, both physical and social, is the basis for the earlier stages of industrialization. Developing countries should strive to combine economic growth with human development and social transformation. This requires the creative interaction between the state and the market over the dominance of the market model.

Uticaj relevantnih faktora na ponudu i tražnju pšenice u Republici Srbiji

The aim of the study is to conduct the wheat balances analysis, to research the supply and demand in the domestic market, and to examine the partial impact of the relevant factors on the supply and demand. The the research results of wheat production and trade flows can contribute to the increase of supply and to the structural changes in production, the strengthening of competitiveness, the increase of trade exchange, improvement in production and processing, new investments, higher employment rate, and so on. The methods used in the research are the wheat balances analysis, the functional and correlation analysis (the functional correlation analysis), the variance analysis, T-test, as well as other general methods. The results of the wheat production and consumption balances analysis indicate the existence of surplus and potential for export of an average of 805.29 thousand tons with a trend of increase after 2013. The impact of production, initial stocks, imports, and purchase prices on wheat supply is high (R = 0.99). The impact of consumption, sales prices, income, exports, and final stocks on wheat demand is high (R = 0.95). By analyzing the correlation coefficient of wheat production and supply, a coefficient of 0.96 was obtained, while for the wheat consumption and demand the obtained coefficient was 0.82, which indicates high correlation dependence. In the period 2000-2016, the export of wheat was increased 8.7 times along with the increase in price per kg and the total export value.

STAGES OF UKRAINIAN FISCAL POLICY FORMATION

The article is about the study of the features of the national fiscal policy formation since the days of Tsarist Russia. It have been considered the economic theories that influenced the process. It has been systematized the stages of fiscal policy development in Ukraine. It has been grounded the major taxes and tax collections during the period of New Economic Policy. It have been overviewed the scientists approaches to policy developing related to fiscal actions by the state. It has been proved that the modern economy of any state can be effective only with the regulators application by the government institutions. It has been argued that the introduction of the adjustment process has the effect in case of the application of tax instruments, which in turn provides the investment process, foreign economic activity of business entities, the development of intellectual capital and contributes to structural changes in production.

The role of the state in creating green economy

Since the crisis of the real economy in 2008, an intense discussion about the need for changes in the economy, supported by a number of declarations on the global scale, has been developed. The analysis of the causes and effects of the economic downturn and the challenges of the future have had a huge impact on this state of affairs. As a result, some states have taken action to remedy the situation. Many of them were aimed at structural changes in production, consumption and environmentally friendly investment. At the same time, the concept of "low carbon economy" and "green economy" gained importance. The aim of this paper is to present the role of the state in the economy in terms of creating conditions for a green economy. The thesis of the publication is: implementation of structural changes related with creating a green economy requires involvement of the state.

Transnational Europe: TV-drama, co-production networks and mediated cultural encounters

AbstractThis article deals with the social and cultural dimensions of globalization and uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse the effects of stronger European integration on media production and reception. It combines theories and methods from sociology, anthropology and media studies and looks at the impact of TV drama genres on the forming of social imaginaries. The article examines structural changes in production and distribution in the European TV-drama landscape since 2000. On the basis of empirical evidence it is argued that a creative, transnational European network of co-productions has increased the distribution of original and often local stories in Europe. The article analyses examples of some successful European drama series, their audiences and reception. The analysis is discussed in the context of national and transnational media policy and the impact of globalisation. Concepts like “imagined community”, “social imaginary”, “banal nationalism”, and “mediated cultural encounters” are connected to the theory of cultural globalisation. Also touched upon are studies of a European civic and cultural identity next to the national, and the role of media and cultural policy in this development. The article concludes that encounters of the kind we find in different forms of TV drama will make Europe more diverse and richer for a much broader audience. The interaction between the particular and universal in “narratives” on our past and contemporary social and cultural order contribute to a better feeling for and understanding of the “us” and “them” in European culture.

Economías de guerra: Algunas ideas sobre la importancia de la Primera Guerra Mundial desde el punto de vista económico

The main objective of this paper is to analyze how the countries participating in World War I paid the war effort and its consequences, specially war reparations. Both require major structural changes in production, economic policy and the relationship between internal and external agents

Prospective Development of the Tourism Online Distribution Channel

We know of the development of the online channel in the tourism distribution system, due to the intensive application of ICT. This seems announce like a revolution in the industry, with structural changes in production, and in the behaviour of the involved agents. However, more advances in the literature are needed in order to gain theories to the body of knowledge. With this aim, qualitative research is done through in-depth interviews driven to a selection of experts in the field; managers of multi-channel distribution systems as well as of online channel in exclusive. Applying the triangulation of data methodology provides results which reveal certain types of changes, derived from the adoption of ICT, that tourism companies adopters consider as significant competitive advantages, with capability to affect companies’ results and increase its power within the distribution channel. This offers great potential for the future development of the online channel and for the companies that use it exclusively.

Карпатський регіон України в системі національного виробництва мінеральних вод

The proven reserves and geographical distribution of mineral waters in the Carpathian region of Ukraine were characterized. The current state of mineral waters by food enterprises and health resort in the region were analyzed. The actual questions of national production of mineral waters in the context of sustainable development industry were investigated. The economic and geographical analyses of trends and structural changes in production of mineral waters in the Carpathian region were done. Key words: Carpathian region, mineral water, hydromineral potential, geography of mineral water, field of mineral water, mineral water resources, product of mineral water.

Where is the Invisible Hand Guiding Us? Considerations about the Paradoxes of the Hegemonic Model and the Ecological Limits of Development

A dinâmica do crescimento econômico contínuo vigente no capitalismo financeiro tem se mostrado incompatível com os limites planetários. A humanidade se encontra em um impasse ético, econômico e tecnológico. O modelo de produção e consumo vigente se mostra insuficiente para assegurar condições de vida digna para toda a humanidade no presente e aponta para uma deterioração dessas condições em um futuro próximo. Este artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos clássicos na teoria do desenvolvimento sustentável e, por meio da abordagem crítica da economia capitalista, coloca em xeque o conceito hegemônico do progresso e aponta a insuficiência do paradigma do crescimento para assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Mesclando e conjugando as ideias dos principais autores dessas áreas, o artigo conclui que a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento requer condicionantes que, ao longo do tempo, se tornam mais difíceis de serem alcançados. A dinâmica atual do sistema econômico leva a desgastes ambientais com efeitos cada vez mais severos, que serão sentidos especialmente a partir de 2030, podendo chegar a um colapso antes de 2100, comprometendo a capacidade de sobrevivência humana no planeta. A sustentabilidade, a suficiência e a equidade do desenvolvimento exigem uma mudança estrutural no paradigma de produção e de consumo. Para tanto, se fazem necessários mecanismos sociais, institucionais e informacionais, além da adequação e da coordenação dos avanços tecnológicos.