Structural Changes In Agriculture Research Articles

Some Consequences of Structural Changes in Agriculture and of Technological Changes in other Economic Sectors of Europe

International MigrationVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 266-268 Some Consequences of Structural Changes in Agriculture and of Technological Changes in other Economic Sectors of Europe P. Schneiter, P. SchneiterSearch for more papers by this author P. Schneiter, P. SchneiterSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1964 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1964.tb00633.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume2, Issue4October 1964Pages 266-268 RelatedInformation

Structural Changes in Agriculture and Research Date Needs

Structural Changes in Agriculture and Research Date Needs

Discussion: Structural Changes in Agriculture and Research Data Needs

Discussion: Structural Changes in Agriculture and Research Data Needs

The French-Canadian Family Cycle

T HE French-Canadian farmer of Quebec has maintained to a striking degree the family structure which became stabilized in New France two centuries ago. In the industrial centers, and even in large rural towns, there has been some alteration of the system in response to new types of economy. In this discussion, we shall be concerned with the family system in the agricultural parishes and such structural changes as have occurred even in these most traditional regions.' The basis of rural life in Quebec is close family cooperation. All members of the family share in the responsibilities. The grandmother, mother and daughters do the spinning, weaving, knitting, making of clothes, vegetable gardening and milking in addition to the usual cooking and housework. The men raise the crops, tend the animals, cut the timber, do any construction work and attend to business contacts. The families of brothers often cooperate in the work of both farms. The unity of the immediate family was shown, until very recently, by the custom of turning over to the head of the family all money earned by the members. The father's responsibility for establishing all of his children economically was basic to this type of economy. Not only is unified family effort necessary but a large family is essential. The short cultivating season of four months makes it impossible for a family to farm large acreages with the traditional methods. The economic balance has been evolved on farms of about a hundred acres. Such lands can be farmed by two or three able males. Female labor is necessary to feed and clothe these men and boys and to help with the farm work. Both male and female labor is provided by large families. All of the children cannot marry and raise families on the parental farm because it will support but one immediate family of parents and children. The particular family system affords a means of exploiting the natural resources by keeping the proper relation of individuals to the land. It is through the operation of the family cycle that this number of individuals is not greatly augmented or decreased at any time. The following family analysis is based on the study of St. Denis, one of the oldest Quebec settlements, a parish which has maintained to a large degree the traditional ways of life. It is a relatively small parish but lacks none of the characteristics of the larger ones. It has seven hundred parishioners distributed in one hundred and twenty households. When sterile and