Analysis Of Structural Behavior Research Articles

The power of subtle interpersonal hostility in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A speech acts analysis

This study compared participants' speech acts in low-hostile versus moderate-hostile interpersonal episodes in time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy. Sixty-two cases from the Vanderbilt II psychotherapy project were categorized as low or moderate in interpersonal hostility based on ratings of interpersonal process using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1996). Representative episodes were coded using a taxonomy of speech acts (Stiles, 1992), and speech acts were compared across low- and moderate-hostile episodes. Therapists in moderate-hostility episodes used more interpretations and edifications, and fewer questions and reflections. Patients in moderate-hostility episodes used more disclosures and fewer edifications. Content coding showed that therapist interpretations with a self/intrapsychic self focus were more characteristic of moderate-hostility than low-hostility episodes, whereas the two types of episodes contained similar levels of interpretations focused on the patient's interpersonal relationships and the therapeutic relationship.

Treatment differences in the therapeutic relationship and introject during a 2-year randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus nonbehavioral psychotherapy experts for borderline personality disorder.

The present study explored the role of the therapeutic relationship and introject during the course of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Women meeting DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder (N = 101) were randomized to receive DBT or community treatment by experts. The Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1974) was used to measure both the therapeutic relationship and introject. Relative to community treatment by experts, DBT participants reported the development of a more positive introject, including significantly greater self-affirmation, self-love, self-protection, and less self-attack, during the course of treatment and 1-year follow-up. The therapeutic relationship did not have an independent effect on intrapsychic or symptomatic outcome but did interact with treatment. DBT participants who perceived their therapist as affirming and protecting reported less frequent occurrences of nonsuicidal self-injury. The study showed positive intrapsychic change during DBT and emphasized the importance of affirmation and control in the therapeutic relationship. Results are discussed in the context of understanding the mechanisms of change in DBT.

Implementation of a user defined piezoelectric shell element for analysis of active structures

This paper presents the results of the structural behavior analysis, which was performed using a special type of the user defined finite element incorporated within commercial finite element software. As a basis for the user element implementation, a Mindlin-type nine-node shell element is used, which was developed for the application with piezoelectric materials and composite structures. For the element implementation purposes the FORTRAN user subroutine was developed and incorporated within the ABAQUS finite element software. The analysis is conducted through several examples regarding the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever beam. Results of the analysis document a very good agreement between the user element and analytical and other standard results, confirming thus a successful implementation of the developed user element subroutine. Furthermore, the analysis was extended to show the robustness of the user element to mesh distortion.

The relationship between cognitive errors and interpersonal patterns in depressed women.

Individuals with depression process information in an overly negative or biased way (e.g., Henriques & Leitenberg, 2002) and demonstrate significant interpersonal dysfunction (e.g., Zlotnick, Kohn, Keitner, & Della Grotta, 2000). This study examined the relationship between cognitive errors (CEs) and interpersonal interactions in early psychotherapy sessions of 25 female patients with major depression. Transcripts were rated for CEs using the Cognitive Error Rating Scale (Drapeau, Perry, & Dunkley, 2008). Interpersonal patterns were assessed using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1974). Significant associations were found between CEs and markers of interpersonal functioning in selected contexts. The implications of these findings in bridging the gap between research and practice, enhancing treatment outcome, and improving therapist training are discussed.

Model Test and Structural Behavior Analysis for Cable-Pylon Anchorage Zone of Cable-Stayed Bridge

In long-span cable-stay bridges, anchorage zone of cable-pylon is a key part to transfer cable force to pylon. Because of local concentrated force, irregular pylon section and complicated construction measures, a general mechanical analysis is unable to reflect actual stress distribution and working performance of anchorage zone. Based on Maling River Bridge in Guizhou province, China, clear finite element analysis and reliable full-scale model test for cable-pylon anchorage zone segment were carried out. Not only were design of model test and loading program introduced, but also test content and sensor arrangement were documented. In addition, details of finite element modeling were involved too, such as mesh generation, boundary condition and loading cases. Through comparison and analysis of stress increment and crack observation, the location where larger local tensile stress occurred was obtained. Corresponding anti-cracking load coefficient and safety coefficient of crack width were also presented. Parts of research findings have been used for the guidance of bridge construction.

Modeling of reinforced concrete through SPH‐FE coupling and its application to the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a slab

AbstractThe analysis of structural behavior under extreme solicitations such as crash and impact requires the modeling of fragmentation, rupture and large deformation phenomena. The use of finite elements (FE) in this type of problem is not easy, mainly because this approach relies on a mesh that cannot handle distortions and tearing well. In order to circumvent this difficulty, methods termed ‘meshless’, such as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, have been devised. These methods enable one to undertake numerical simulations involving the extreme types of behavior mentioned above. Thus, for example, the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a reinforced concrete slab can be easily envisaged. One's wish to carry out predictive calculations raises the question of the modeling of the reinforcement. It is tempting to use an SPH formulation for the slab and a beam FE formulation for the reinforcement. Therefore, the problem boils down to the coupling of two structures modeled with two different formulations: the slab with an SPH formulation, and the reinforcement with a FE formulation. This paper presents the development of a theory based on the use of Lagrange multipliers, which enable the coupling of a structure modeled with SPH with a structure modeled with beam FEs. This theory was implemented into the EUROPLEXUS fast dynamics software, then validated through simple test cases. Finally, the program was applied to the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a reinforced concrete slab.The aim of this work is to propose an alternative method to smeared representations of reinforcements in concrete. Indeed, smeared representations of reinforced concrete are widely used but do not represent explicitly the reinforcement, which is fundamental to study impacts onto the rebars and phenomenons such as separation of the reinforcement from the concrete or fracture of the rebars. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The structural behavior and simplified thermal analysis of normal-strength and high-strength concrete beams under fire

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of concrete compressive strength and cover thickness on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under fire. For this purpose, four normal-strength and high-strength concrete test beams were fabricated and tested under the ISO 834 standard fire curve to point of the failure. The test set-up was designed to evaluate the heat distribution and displacement changes of simply supported beams subjected to sustained loads under fire. Test results for normal-strength and high-strength concrete beams were compared for each of the test variables. The test results show that the relationships between time and temperature distributions in the beam sections are very similar and are unrelated to the strength of the concrete, with the exception of the upper part of the beam section. They also showed that the rates of deflection increase for both normal-strength and high-strength concrete beams is very similar before spalling but becomes remarkably high for high-strength concrete beams after spalling. A simplified model was proposed to determine the effect of spalling on the temperature gradient of a high-strength concrete beam. The results of finite difference method (FDM) analysis using this proposed model showed a section temperature gradient that was similar to that of the test results.

Mapping cardiac physiology and parenting processes in maltreating mother–child dyads.

Child maltreatment (CM) lies on an extreme end of the continuum of parenting-at-risk, and while CM has been linked with a variety of behavioral indicators of dysregulation in children, less is known about how physiological markers of regulatory capacity contribute to this association. The present study examined patterns of mother and child physiological regulation and their relations with observed differences in parenting processes during a structured interaction. Abusing, neglecting, and non-CM mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old children completed a resting baseline and moderately challenging joint task. The structural analysis of social behavior was used to code mother-child interactions while simultaneous measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia were obtained. Results indicated that physically abusive mothers were more likely to react to children's positive bids for autonomy with strict and hostile control, than either neglecting or non-CM mothers. CM exposure and quality of maternal responding to children's autonomous bids were uniquely associated with lower parasympathetic tone in children. Results provide evidence of neurodevelopmental associations between early CM exposure, the immediate interactive context of parenting, and children's autonomic physiology.

Structural Behavior Analysis of Masonry Stone Pagoda Considering the Inner Construction Types of Stylobate

We have many difficulties in the modeling and analysis of masonry stone pagoda structure because this structure has the discontinuum behavior characteristics, compared with the general continuum structures. Also, we need to consider the inner construction types of stylobate for the reasonable analysis of structural mechanism of masonry stone pagoda. Most masonry stone pagoda structures built in Korea are largely classified into three parts such as top part, body part and stylobate. Specifically, the stylobate takes a very important structural part, performing the role of foundation in ordinary structures, and the reduction of stylobate’s bearing capacity has great influence on the safety of structure. As for stylobate, the construction types of inner Jeoksim result in the different structural behaviors. Therefore, this study selects three-story stone pagoda in Goseon-sa temple site that shows the typical type of stone pagoda structure in Korea. Also, this study investigates the construction types of stylobate and evaluates the structural and mechanical behaviors of masonry stone pagoda structure according to many application variables of stylobate’s Jeoksim forms. To this end, we considers the contact surface and block modelling for the discontinuum elements through the discrete element method and finite element method. Through the comparison of analysis results, we can find out the load transfer mechanism according to the inner Jeoksim types of stylobate.

Smooth Operating: A Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) Perspective on Initial Romantic Encounters

The present report used the comprehensive structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) observational coding scheme to examine which behaviors differentiate smooth from awkward initial romantic encounters. Participants on speed-dates rated as smooth (by independent observers) behaved more warmly and were more other-focused than participants on awkward dates. In addition, participants on smooth dates tended to avoid extremes on the autonomy dimension, exhibiting neither strong independence from nor strong interdependence with their speed-dating partners. Furthermore, the manner in which participants were self-focused (but not other-focused) reliably differentiated smooth from awkward dates; that is, date smoothness strongly predicted how participants reacted to their speed-dating partners (type of self-focus) but only weakly predicted how participants acted toward their speed-dating partners (type of other-focus). Finally, the authors note SASB’s potential to serve as an overarching framework that explains why some interactions go well and others do not.

Methodology to reconstruct virtual cities from the past

The project dealing with the construction of a virtual model of 1714 Barcelona was
 commissioned to the LMVC (City Virtual Modeling Laboratory) by the Catalan Public Television
 (TV3), in an attempt to reproduce the events of the battle fought in September 11th of that same
 year. The main objective of this project was to generate a virtual model of an urban area and
 particularly the area of Old City of Barcelona (Roca and Muñoz, 2004). Among the considered
 applications the following can be mentioned: a) The visualization of areas of interest; b) The
 analysis of urban and architectural environments as a tool for planning and urban design; c) The
 rehabilitation of buildings to the extent that virtual environments allow the analysis of structural
 and constructive behavior and, therefore, to deal with their conservation and recovery. But all
 this requires a process of geometric generation, sometimes with a high degree of complexity,
 and a perfectly timed work methodology. It also requires a research in historical and
 architectural contexts to reach even the virtual recovery of non existing buildings. This paper
 explains the main decisions taken during the course of these works with special emphasis on
 those aspects related to the organization of different kinds of data in a unified whole that had to
 be sent to other professionals and had to be, for that reason, organized in a clear and
 comprehensible way for its further development. El projecte tracta de la construcció d'un model virtual de la Barcelona de 1714 que fou encarregat al LMVC (Laboratori de Modelització Virtual de la Ciutat) per la Televisió Pública catalana (TV3), en un intent de reproduir els aconteixements de la batalla de l'11 de setembre d'aquell matix any. L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte és generar un model virtual d'una zona urbana, particularment de la Ciutat Vella de Barcelona (Roca i Muñoz, 2004). Entre les aplicacions es consideren les següents: a) La visualització de les àrees d'interès; b) L'anàlisi dels entorns urbans i arquitectònics com una eina per la planificació i el disseny urbà; y c) La rehabilitació d'edificis en la mesura que els entorns virtuals permetin l'anàlisi del comportament estructural i constructiu i, per tant, per fer front a la seva conservació i recuperació. Però tot això requereix un procés de generació geomètrica, a vegades amb un alto grau de complexitat, i una metodologia de treball perfectament sincronitzada. També es requereix una investigació en contextes històrics i arquitectònics per arribar inclús a la recuperació d'edificis virtuals inexistents. Aquest document explica les principalss decisions adoptades en el transcurs d'aquestes obras, amb especial ènfasi en aquells aspectes relacionats amb l'organització de diferents tipus de dades en un tot unificat que havia de ser enviado a altres professionals i va haver de ser, por aquesta raó, organizat de forma clara i comprensible pel seu desenvolupament futur. El proyecto trata de la construcción de un modelo virtual de la Barcelona de 1714 que fue el encargado al LMVC (Laboratorio de Modelización Virtual de la Ciudad) por la Televisión Pública catalana (TV3), en un intento de reproducir los acontecimientos de la batalla librada en el 11 de septiembre de ese mismo año. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es generar un modelo virtual de una zona urbana, y en particular la zona de la Ciudad Vieja de Barcelona (Roca y Muñoz, 2004). Entre las aplicaciones se consideran los siguientes: a) La visualización de las áreas de interés; b) El análisis de los entornos urbanos y arquitectónicos como una herramienta para la planificación y el diseño urbano; y c) La rehabilitación de edificios en la medida en que los entornos virtuales permiten el análisis del comportamiento estructural y constructivo y, por lo tanto, para hacer frente a su conservación y recuperación. Pero todo esto requiere un proceso de generación geométrica, a veces con un alto grado de complejidad, y una metodología de trabajo perfectamente sincronizada. También se requiere una investigación en contextos históricos y arquitectónicos para llegar incluso a la recuperación de edificios virtuales inexistentes. Este documento explica las principales decisiones adoptadas en el transcurso de estas obras, con especial énfasis en aquellos aspectos relacionados con la organización de diferentes tipos de datos en un todo unificado que tenía que ser enviado a otros profesionales y tuvo que ser, por esa razón, organizado de forma clara y comprensible para su desarrollo futuro.

A Structural Analysis of Environmental Preservation Consciousness and Behavior

A Structural Analysis of Environmental Preservation Consciousness and Behavior

An integrated object-oriented approach for design and analysis of an agile manufacturing control system

The agile manufacturing paradigm has emerged as an important concept in the development of manufacturing systems. The control software, developed based on the object-oriented technology, leads to reusability, reconfigurability, and scalability; and the agility of a manufacturing control system can be achieved. In this research, an efficient and systematic methodology for developing an object-oriented agile manufacturing control system is proposed. The proposed development process is divided into four stages: functional analysis, static structural analysis, behavior analysis and verification, and system implementation. The Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0), Object-Oriented Petri Net (OPN), and Unified Modeling Language (UML) are integrated into the corresponding stages based on their characteristics. In order to develop the system rapidly and efficiently, the transformation rules between the IDEF0 and OPN, and between the OPN and sequence diagram are conducted. In addition, the attributes and operations for each object are also defined directly from the OPN model. The result of the integrated IDEF0/OPN/UML systematically leads to object-oriented control software design for manufacturing systems. Finally, an assembly and packaging system is given to illustrate how the integrated object-oriented approach is implemented for developing the manufacturing control system.

Multiscale finite element modeling of failure process of composite laminates

A multiscale nonlinear finite element modeling technique is developed in this paper to predict the progressive failure process for composite laminates. A micromechanical elastic–plastic bridging constitutive model, which considers the nonlinear material properties of the constituent fiber and matrix materials and their interaction and the damage and failure in fibrous composites at the fiber and matrix level, is proposed to represent the material behavior of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The micromechanics constitutive model is employed in the macroscale finite element analysis of structural behavior especially progressive failure process of the fiber-reinforced composites based on a 4-node 24-DOF shear-locking free rectangular composite plate element.

Numerical analysis of nonlinear dynamic structural behaviour of ice-loaded side-shell structures

This investigation examines how the nonlinear structural response of a ship side-shell structure that impacts with ice is affected by the layout/design of the structure, ice characteristics and ship speed operational conditions. The finite element (FE) method was used for nonlinear analysis and comparison of a reference side-shell structure with a topology-optimized structure. Nonlinear dynamic FE collision simulations were carried out, using the reference side-shell structure, to study how the impact with ice (having different values of damping coefficients), and the variation in ship speed operational conditions, affected the damage caused to the side-shell. In addition, the results from the comparison of the topology-optimized and reference side-shell structures showed slightly larger stresses locally in the former structure. It was concluded that it was possible to reduce the weight of the reference side-shell structure and that the objective function and optimization require more detailed investigation. The FE analyses with various damping coefficients of ice showed that, for the chosen values of the damping coefficients, there was only small influence on the dynamic nonlinear response of the reference side-shell structure. Finally, a limit value for the maximum allowed velocity in the normal direction towards a level ice belt of the reference side-shell structure was calculated to result in an elastic structural response of the side-shell. For a side-shell structure movement in the direction along a level ice, the influence of velocity on structural response was negligible due to low friction between the side-shell structure and the ice in the contact.

A study on the optimal configuration of harbor structure under the combined loads

Response of harbor structure to environmental loads such as wave load, impact load, ship`s contacting load, is a fundamental factor in designing of the structure`s optimal configuration. In this paper, typical environmental loads against coastal structures are investigated for designing of the optimal harbor structure. Loads to be considered here are wave load, impact load and contacting load due to ship mooring. Statistical analysis for several harbor structure types under the corresponding loads is carried out, followed by investigation of effect of individual environmental load. Based on these, the optimal configuration for the harbor structure is obtained after considerable engineering process. Estimation of contacting load of the ship is suggested using effective energy concepts for the load, and analysis of structural behavior is done for the optimal designing of the structure in the particular load. A guideline for the design process of the harbor structure is established, and safety of the structure is examined by proposed scheme. For verification of the analytical approach, various steel-piled coastal structures and caissons are chosen and relevant structural analyses are carried out using the Finite Element Methods combined with MIDAS/GTS and ANSYS code. It is found using the Morison equation that impact load cannot be a major load in the typical harbor structure compared with the original wave load, and that configuration shape of the structure may play an important role in consideration of the response criteria.

Anorexic self‐control and bulimic self‐hate: Differential outcome prediction from initial self‐image

The study investigated initial self-image (structural analysis of social behavior) and its relation to 36-month outcome, among patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Hypotheses were that degree of different aspects of self-image would predict outcome in the groups. Participants were 52 patients with anorexia and 91 with bulimia from a longitudinal naturalistic database, and outcome measures included eating disorder and psychiatric symptoms and a general outcome index. Stepwise regression was used to investigate which self-image variables were related to outcome, and multiple regression contrasted the groups directly on each obtained predictor. Consistent with hypotheses, in bulimia degree of self-hate/self-love moderately predicted outcome, whereas self-control-related variables powerfully predicted outcome in anorexia. It is important to focus on self-image in the treatment of both diagnostic groups, but especially in anorexia nervosa, where control-submission interactions between patient and therapist should be handled with care.

Total Dose Evaluation of Deep Submicron CMOS Imaging Technology Through Elementary Device and Pixel Array Behavior Analysis

Ionizing radiation effects on CMOS image sensors (CIS) manufactured using a 0.18 mum imaging technology are presented through the behavior analysis of elementary structures, such as field oxide FET, gated diodes, photodiodes and MOSFETs. Oxide characterizations appear necessary to understand ionizing dose effects on devices and then on image sensors. The main degradations observed are photodiode dark current increases (caused by a generation current enhancement), minimum size NMOSFET off-state current rises and minimum size PMOSFET radiation induced narrow channel effects. All these effects are attributed to the shallow trench isolation degradation which appears much more sensitive to ionizing radiation than inter layer dielectrics. Unusual post annealing effects are reported in these thick oxides. Finally, the consequences on sensor design are discussed thanks to an irradiated pixel array and a comparison with previous work is discussed.

Analysis of Structural Behaviour in Widened Concrete Box Girder Bridges

Structural performances for a widened post-tensioned concrete box girder bridge under dead load, prestressing force, shrinkage and creep of concrete and settlements of piers are analysed. The existing and new box girder bridges are connected with their flange slabs. Connection of the two bridges will cause internal force to be redistributed between them, and cause great local stress in the connecting slab. To reduce the influence of internal force redistribution, those factors such as connecting time, usage of low-shrinkage concrete and prestressing arrangement for the new bridge are discussed. The local structure of the connecting slab and factors which influence the stresses in the connecting flange slabs of box girders, are also discussed. The results of analysis show that the time for connecting the two bridges should be as delayed as possible, while the usage of low-shrinkage concrete will reduce internal force redistribution, and optimization on the prestressing design of the new bridge can improve the stress states in both the existing and new bridges. The analysis results also show that settlements of piers of the new bridge must be strictly controlled.

Analysis of structural and magnetic phase transition behaviors of La 1− xSr xCrO 3 by measurement of heat capacity with thermal relaxation technique

The heat capacity, C p , of the La 1− x Sr x CrO 3 system and its temperature dependence have been measured by a thermal relaxation technique. Both structural and magnetic phase transitions were detected at temperatures that can be surmised from the phase diagram proposed in previous studies. The observed variation in enthalpy after the first-order structural phase transition, Δ H, showed agreement with those measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A decrease in the variation in C p in the second-order magnetic phase transition, Δ C p , with an increase in Sr content was detected, which can be attributed to a decrease in electronic spin configuration entropy with an increase in Sr content. In the dependence of Δ C p on Sr content, a bending point was also observed at x ∼ 0.12, at which the crystal system varies from an orthorhombic-distorted perovskite structure to a rhombohedral-distorted perovskite structure.