Strongest Predictor Of Intention Research Articles

Predictors of child restraint usage among Chinese parents

Objective: To investigate psychological predictors of the use of child restraints among Chinese parents following passage of national law requiring their use. Methods: Grounded in the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) and guidance from previous research, we developed and administered a questionnaire to assess child restraint usage and understand psychological factors that predict usage. 413 parents with child(ren) aged 0–8 years completed the questionnaire through the WenJuanXing online survey platform. Results: Among the 413 parents, 321 (77.7%) used child restraints regularly when taking their children on car trips, with the highest use reported among parents with children under 1 year (83.8%). Among the psychological predictors, willingness to use a restraint was the strongest predictor of intention and self-reported behavior to use restraints, but the predictive effect of intention on behavior was not significant. Descriptive norms – a belief that trusted friends and family use restraints – was the strongest predictor of behavior to use child restraints, and prototype favorability – the belief that prototypical parents of similar age and gender use restraints – also showed significant effects in predicting behavior. Conclusions: Following the passage of national laws requiring child restraints in China, it is becoming more common for parents to use restraints when their children travel by car. Parents’ use of child restraints for children follows a socially reactive (through willingness) decision-making path rather than a reasoned (through intention) decision-making pattern. The influence of the behavior of others, both trusted friends and family (descriptive norms) and prototypical similar parents (prototype favorability) are strong predictive factors for use of child restraints, suggesting prevention programs might leverage behavior of others to impact parents and encourage use of child restraints.

Patterns of self-medication and intention to seek pharmacist guidance among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionSelf-medication was remarkably popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. In older populations, the risk of self-medication is higher. Pharmacists are well positioned to provide public health education and disease prevention. This study aims to explore the self-medication patterns and intention to seek pharmacist guidance among older adults in Macao.MethodsA face-to-face cross-sectional survey was subsequently performed in March-April 2023 among older adults in Macao. The questionnaire was designed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of self-medication behavior and multiple linear regression analysis to determine whether the TPB construct was the predictor of older adults’ intention to seek guidance from pharmacists.ResultsA total of 412 participants completed the questionnaire. The self-medication rate among older adults in Macao was 64.2%. The most commonly used types of medications were over-the-counter and traditional Chinese medicine, mainly from government anti-pandemic packages. The majority of individuals engaged in self-medication to treat COVID-19 symptoms or prevent COVID-19 infection. The prevalent reasons for self-medication were the perceived non-seriousness of the illness. 85 years old or older and university degree were significantly associated with self-medication behavior. Older adults had moderate intention to seek pharmacist guidance on medication use. The average scores (standard deviation) were 3.43 (1.10) for Attitude, 2.69 (0.99) for Subjective Norm, 3.56 (1.04) for Perceived Behavioral Control, and 3.07 (1.43) for Intention. Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control were all strong predictors of intention, which explained 53% of the variance in intention. In demographic factors, age was identified as a significant predictor of intentions.ConclusionsSelf-medication was widely practiced in Macao during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better control the risks associated with self-medication, the role of pharmacists is paramount. Enhancing the recognition and trust of pharmacists within society, modifying pharmacy management models, and strengthening pharmacists’ self-perception of their profession are all pivotal directions areas to further enhance their role.

Utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour for predicting parents' intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Vaccination is a crucial form of primary prevention, and it is important to understand the factors that influence parents' decisions to vaccinate their children. The current study examines the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and anticipated affect for explaining parents' intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Parents (N = 843) living in the United States completed an online survey. The TPB variables explained 65% of the variability in parents' intentions. In addition to all three of the TPB antecedents predicting vaccine intentions, both anticipated regret of not vaccinating and anticipated positive emotions of vaccinating were associated with parent intentions. Contrary to predictions, subjective norms were a stronger predictor of intentions when perceived behavioural control was lower compared to higher. These findings help further our understanding of parent-for-child vaccine decisions in the context of novel health threats and inform intervention efforts aimed at encouraging this behaviour.

Applying the theory of behavioral choice to plant-based dietary intentions

Improving understanding of the intention to choose plant-based food is an important element of climate change mitigation. A cross-sectional survey of 454 North American adults was used to predict their dietary-change intentions from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the more-recently proposed theory of behavioral choice (TBC). The TPB accounted for 65 percent of the variance in intentions and the TBC accounted for a significantly greater (80 percent) proportion of variance. The strongest predictors of intention were the TBC's sense of obligation, attitude-values-affect (AVA), and habit, and the TBP's social norms. Five interactions also contributed in small but significant ways toward the accounting of the participants' food-choice intentions. Policy implications are discussed.

Indigenous language learning in higher education in Ghana: Exploring students' behavioral intentions using an extended theory of planned behavior.

This study investigated the predictors of indigenous language learning from an empirical and theoretical perspective. A quantitative approach was employed to explore the issue using an extended version of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior that incorporates linguistic insecurity in measuring students' language learning intentions. A total of 180 first-year undergraduate students in the Department of Arts Education and the Department of Ghanaian Languages and Linguistics participated in the study. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), measurement and structural models were evaluated. The results indicated that students' attitudes (behavioral beliefs), subjective norms, language learning efficacy, and students' sense of linguistic insecurity significantly predicted their intentions to study indigenous languages. The exogenous variables accounted for 47.8% of the variance in students' intentions to study indigenous languages in higher education. The strongest predictor of intention was subjective norms (β = 0.399; p<0.01), followed by students' sense of linguistic insecurity (β = -0.254; p<0.01), perceived language learning efficacy (β = 0.169; p = 0.013), and language attitude (β = 0.144; p = 0.045). These results underscore the need for concerned stakeholders to foster positive attitudes and address linguistic insecurity to enhance learners' development of positive behavioral intentions toward indigenous language learning.

Evaluating public a priori acceptance of autonomous modular transit using an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model

This study aims to assess the public acceptance of Autonomous Modular Transit (AMT) and identify key factors influencing people’s intentions regarding the future use of AMT. While the integration of autonomy and modularity in transport systems has gained attention in recent years among researchers, the study of AMT acceptance is non-existent in the literature. To address this research gap, the study proposes an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model to explore public acceptance of AMT. It integrates the original model’s constructs with two additional factors: trust and perceived green usefulness, while also investigating the role of public transport usage behavior in intention. Data were collected through an online survey involving 1662 participants from different cities in Iran. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the conceptual model. Multiple t-tests and ANOVA tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of public transport usage behavior and demographics on the model’s constructs. The results showed that the majority of respondents showed their acceptance toward using AMT when available despite their limited prior knowledge about the system. Perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by social influence and hedonic motivations. Although the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the number of public transport (PT) regular users, this group showed a higher intention to use AMT compared to PT non-regular users. Furthermore, respondents aged over 60 years stated a lower intention to use AMT than their younger counterparts. Given that the mass adoption of AMT depends on public acceptance, this study is expected to serve as a benchmark for comparing countries with similar cultural contexts.

Factors Affecting Consumer’s Intention to Use Electric Vehicles: Mediating Role of Awareness and Knowledge

This paper explores the role of environmental consequences, perceived barriers, policy interventions, public opinions, and knowledge and awareness in using electric vehicles (EVs). We collected 506 responses about their intention to use the EVs to develop our hypothesis. This study uses knowledge and awareness of the EVs as mediating variables towards adopting the EVs and consumers’ residences as moderating variables. It also introduces several control variables in this proposed research model to measure the effect on the intention to use the EVs. In this research study, we test the importance‐performance map analysis and check Cohen’s f2 to identify a better output. The measurement and structural equation modelling results show that the environmental consequences are a stronger predictor of intention and policy interventions. The findings suggest that government policies can also have an attractive position in the EV segment. In addition, knowledge and awareness mediate the adoption of the EVs. Perceived barriers do not influence consumers to use an EV in India. We test the moderating role of residence with our construct and find a partial moderation role with policy intervention and public opinion. We introduce three self‐created constructs, i.e., intention to use, knowledge, and public opinion. Public opinion for the EVs supports consumers’ intention to use, and knowledge also plays a significant role in using EVs. These newly added constructs will be essential to manufacturers and policymakers while promoting EVs. Also, environmental consequences and policy interventions emerge as significant factors of user behaviour. The paper highlights the critical predictors of consumers’ intention to use the EVs. Thus, it helps society, policymakers, and managers formulate and implement schemes to boost EV purchasing.

Factors affecting childbearing intention in women employees in Birjand: Application of the theory of planned behavior.

Childbearing is one of the most important determinants of population fluctuations. Identifying factors affecting childbearing is necessary for the proper implementation of population programs. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting childbearing intention among women employees in Birjand based on the theory of planned behavior. In this descriptive-correlational study, 405 women employees in the offices of Birjand city in 2022 were selected by stratified random sampling and completed a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and questions related to the theory of planned behavior. The data were analyzed using SPSS v19 and Pearson's correlation, logistic regression, independent t-test, and ANOVA. The mean age of the participants in the study was 37.82 ± 6.39 years and the mean number of current children was 1.77 ± 0.92. The mean score of childbearing intention was 8.80 ± 3.06, the attitude was 66.04 ± 11.50, the subjective norm was 27.03 ± 6.95, and perceived behavioral control was 32.90 ± 7.80. Also, there was a significant negative and direct relationship between all the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and childbearing intention (P < 0.01). The variables of age, the number of current children, and the ideal number of children were predictors of childbearing intention. According to the standardized beta coefficients, the strongest predictor of intention was the number of current children (β = -0.464). The findings showed that various demographic factors are efficient in childbearing intention. The findings of this study can provide a picture of the current situation of factors affecting childbearing intention in society and be used as a guide for policymakers in fertility planning.

An examination of the factors influencing engagement in gardening practices that support biodiversity using the theory of planned behavior

The composition and management of private gardens is critical to conserving and enhancing urban biodiversity, yet little is known about the psychological factors that influence gardening behavior. We apply an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which includes nature connectedness, to predict engagement in gardening practices that support biodiversity. More specifically, we examine the psychological factors that influence people's intention to engage in wildlife gardening and the number of wildlife-friendly garden features in a New Zealand sample (N = 695). Structural equation modeling indicated that the extended TPB is well suited to explaining engagement in wildlife gardening. Perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor of intention while subjective norm and nature connectedness were also significantly associated with intention. Furthermore, we explored which beliefs influence the predictors of intention. The perception of having information and knowledge as well as time had the strongest association with perceived behavioral control. Subjective norm was predicted by normative beliefs about friends, family, and environmentalists but not neighbors. Our findings provide insights into the psychological factors that influence gardening practices and can inform the design of interventions to increase urban biodiversity. We conclude that the positive effect of nature connectedness on pro-environmental behavior should be considered in designing engagement activities to support biodiversity.

The relationship between attitudes and behavioural intentions related to doping: the role of attitude certainty

ABSTRACT Psychological research has shown that intentions to dope are one of the strongest predictors of doping behaviour, and attitudes are a strong predictor of intentions. One of the most relevant pending questions is when attitudes better predict intentions. The present study analysed the moderating role of meta-cognitive certainty on the relationship between attitudes and behavioural intentions related to doping. One hundred and sixty-six athletes (87.9% males, and 12.1% females) from different sports participated in a cross-sectional online study. They reported their attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding doping itself, as well as attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding a legalisation proposal. As expected, attitudes predicted intentions in both cases. Most importantly, we hypothesised and found an interaction between attitudes and attitude certainty on intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. That is, attitudes towards the legalisation predicted intentions to support that proposal and to engage in the banned behaviours if legalised to a greater extent for participants with higher (vs. lower) certainty in those attitudes. However, results regarding attitudes towards doping and intentions to dope were not conclusive and further research is necessary. These findings provide a new contribution to the study of meta-cognition in psychological research on doping, but future studies should examine and replicate our results in other samples (e.g., doping users). In conclusion, we suggest that future research and interventions related to doping could benefit from the use of attitude certainty measures as a moderator of the relationship between attitudes and behavioural intentions related to doping.

Dental Hygienists’ Intentions to Provide Anticipatory Guidance Recommendations: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of dental hygienists (DHs) and their behavioral intention to provide anticipatory guidance (AG) to expecting parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design used convenience sampling strategies to recruit DHs (n=335) who provided oral health care to expecting parents and caregivers of children 0-5 years old. A survey was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and validated. Descriptive, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationships among variables. Results: The survey completion rate was 72% (n=241). Strong relationships (p=.001) were shown between DHs’ behavioral, normative, and control beliefs and their intention to discuss AG with expecting parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers. The TPB model suggests normative (p&lt;.05) and control (p=.001) beliefs were strong predictors of intention. Control beliefs (p=.001) were the strongest predictor of intention for all TPB subscales. The results also indicated that DHs with bachelor’s degrees or higher demonstrated more positive normative (Md=73.00, p&lt;.001) and control beliefs (Md=94.00) than DHs with associate degrees. Conclusions: Although DHs are aware of AG for infants and toddlers, results demonstrated the TPB model might predict DHs’ intentions to provide AG based on normative and control beliefs. This information may serve as a baseline for future research exploring DHs’ anticipatory guidance behaviors toward caregivers of infants and toddlers.

How do farmers plan to safeguard the environment? Empirical evidence on farmers’ intentions to adopt organic pest management practices

The development and optimization of more sustainable pest control methods, primarily focusing on preventive strategies and non-chemical tools, is a global priority for scientists and agrochemical companies. This study examines Sicilian farmers’ willingness to adopt organic pest management practices for protecting tomatoes and zucchini from two key insect pests, namely Tuta absoluta and Bemisia tabaci. We implemented the Theory of Planned Behavior as a cognitive model to explore individual motivations that influence farmers’ readiness to adopt sustainable pest control practices. Results from partial least squares structural equation modeling on a sample of 85 farmers emphasize the importance of farmers’ behavioral constructs in the decision-making process: Farmers’ attitudes are the strongest predictors of intention (ß = 0.454; p < 0.01), followed by social norms (ß = 0.201; p < 0.1) and perceived behavioral control (ß = 0.184; p < 0.01). Intention and perceived behavioral control constructs positively and significantly affect the stated behavior construct (respectively, ß = 0.23; ß = 0.24). Traditional farm/farmer socio-economic characteristics have a notable, yet smaller, influence: Farmers’ education positively predicts their willingness to adopt (ß = 0.292; p < 0.01), while farmers’ age is negatively correlated (ß = −0.130; p < 0.01). Informational campaigns on the importance of organic pest management on improving soil health and biodiversity should be promoted to strengthen farmers attitudes toward organic pest management. Similarly, policy-makers should enhance farmers perceived behavioral control by providing better information about characteristics and procedures of organic pest management protocols.

Household food-waste prevention behaviors in Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan in China compared with those in Tokyo and Bangkok

We built a comprehensive framework to explore how psychological factors and food-related behavior routines affect household food-waste behaviors. We conducted online surveys in Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan, in China and in Tokyo and Bangkok. We obtained 3,000 responses in total. The results showed that the share of people who always leave no leftovers when eating out was considerably lower in the three Chinese cities than in Tokyo and Bangkok. Additionally, the frequency of food disposal at the cooking and storage stages was higher than at the eating stages when eating at home. The model analysis showed that the intention of food-waste prevention was the most decisive factor influencing food-disposal behaviors for eating at home or eating out. Personal norm was the main driver of intention of food-waste prevention when eating at home, while the subjective norm was the strongest predictor of intention when eating out.

Mobile phone use while cycling among e-bikers in China: Reasoned or social reactive?

Introduction: China has the largest number of e-bikers in the world, and e-bike crashes cause thousands of fatalities and tens of thousands of serious injuries annually. Mobile phone use while e-biking is a violation of Chinese law and associated with increased crash risk. The current study investigated mobile phone use behavior while cycling among Chinese e-bikers and the psychological factors surrounding why individuals might choose to engage in this risk-taking behavior. Method: In particular, this study investigates whether the decision to use a mobile phone while cycling is explained through reasoned decision making or is a social reactive decision, or both, as defined by the prototype willingness model (PWM). Questionnaire data were collected from 784 Chinese adults with e-bike experience. Results: Results showed that 40.2 % of the participants reported mobile phone use while cycling e-bikes in the past month. Both behavioral intention and behavioral willingness were predictors of mobile phone while using e-bikes, and they were approximately equal in their magnitude of predictive power (βBI = 0.25; βBW = 0.26). E-bikers’ attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and perception of prototype similarity and favorability were strong predictors of intention, willingness, and self-reported behavior to use mobile phones while e-biking. Conclusions: Both social reactive decision-making and reasoned decision-making contribute to decisions to use a mobile phone while riding an e-bike. Practical Applications: Results have implications for guiding development of interventions to prevent and reduce mobile phone use when e-bike cycling.

Understanding Intention to Use Conditionally Automated Vehicles in Thailand, Based on an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

Automated vehicles (AVs) provide several advantages in solving issues of road traffic; including enhanced safety, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced traffic congestion. As AVs are still relatively new developments in developing countries, AV adoption faces challenges from both technological and psychological issues. Therefore, our initial research focus is on identifying the factors that influence the intention to use conditionally automated vehicles (CAVs; SAE Level 3). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM), which includes Trust, Perceived Risks, and Environmental concerns, is proposed as the predictor model in this study. The 299 participants gathered through online surveys in Thailand were examined using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. In this study, Trust was shown to be the strongest predictor of Intention, followed by Perceived Ease of Use, whereas Perceived Usefulness had no impact on intention to use the SAE Level 3. The results of this study will be able to guide the forming of future policies that aim at promoting the use of AVs and helping technology developers create systems to better meet the needs of users in developing nations.

Influencing factors of young consumers' e-payment behaviour: an empirical study of Macao's Y and Z generations

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the e-payment behaviour of Macao's young citizens. The mediating effect of intention between certain factors and adoption of e-payment is also considered. This study develops a conceptual model that proposes and applies the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model (UTAUT). 279 valid samples were collected from Macao citizens aged 16 to 40, who belong to the Y generation (= Gen Y) and Z generation (= Gen Z), to test the conceptual model. The study supports some relationships of TAM and UTAUT, such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and social influence (SI). It indicates the role of perceived security (PS), perceived trust (PT), and incentive (INC) as strong predictors of intention (INT) in the Macao context. In addition, the study certifies that the incentive not only affects intention but also have a direct impact on e-payment usage (US).

Current challenges faced by transgender and gender-diverse patients and providers in anesthesiology.

Current challenges faced by transgender and gender-diverse patients and providers in anesthesiology.

Determinants associated with self-management behavior among type 2 diabetes patients in China: A structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior

BackgroundDiabetes self-management (DSM) is essential for patients to achieve better health outcomes. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the performance of DSM is not optimal. This study was designed to identify the significant determinants of self-management behavior in type 2 diabetes(T2DM) patients to improve DSM. MethodA convenient sampling method was employed in this study. Data were collected from a community health center from January to February 2021 in Nanjing city, China. A total of 431 patients completed the self-administered questionnaires. A structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB) was adopted for analysis. ResultsTPB model presents excellent goodness of fit of data. Attitude (β=0.161, P < 0.01), subjective norms (SN) (β=0.239, P < 0.001), and perceived behavior control (PBC) (β=0.197, P < 0.001) were strong predictors of intention. Intention (β=0.230, P < 0.001) and PBC (β=0.259, P < 0.001) had a direct effect on self-management behavior. The impact of attitude and SN on behavior was significantly mediated via behavioral intention. ConclusionThe application of TPB to self-management behavior in T2DM patients can significantly enhance our understanding of theory-based self-management behavior. This predictive model could potentially be a valuable tool and provide a feasible approach for formulating more targeted and population-specific DSM interventions in future research.

Predicting the Intention to Sort Waste at Home in Rural Communities in Lebanon: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Lebanon have limited technical, economic, and social infrastructures to manage municipal solid waste properly. Understanding what motivates citizens to sort waste at home is paramount to designing effective, efficient, and equitable waste management interventions. Within the solid waste management project “RES-Q” in Southern Lebanon, we investigated the socio-cognitive predictors of waste sorting in a sample of 767 households from the targeted area using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Perceived behavioural control (β = 0.96, p < 0.001), perceived norms (β = −0.30, p < 0.001), and current behaviour (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of intention; attitude toward separating waste was not a significant predictor (β = 0.04, p = 0.3881). Consequently, future behavioural interventions should build capability and opportunity to perform the behaviour before normalising it. For example, citizens should receive bins and bags to separate waste and be shown how to perform the behaviour and how easy and convenient it is to increase their behavioural control. In parallel, waste collection and treatment infrastructures must be in place so that citizens can see that sorting waste is a social norm. These actions will ensure the success of future behavioural interventions within the RES-Q project and beyond.

Do you take...? The effect of mobile payment solutions on use intention: an application of UTAUT2

Despite the multitude of mobile payments solutions, the US still remains reluctant to adopting this payment technology. The connection between types of mobile payments and usage needs investigation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the difference in usage intentions for three types of mobile payment solutions as moderated by age and gender. The theoretical model, UTAUT2, was tested in a quantitative study using structural equation modeling, conducted in the US with a sample recruited through Qualtrics. The findings show intention to use mobile payments differ for each mobile payment type with performance expectancy and habit as strong predictors of intention and use behavior. Social influence and effort expectancy were poor predictors of intention. Additionally, facilitating conditions did not impact use behavior. The results help apparel retailers determine which mobile payment solution fits the needs and wants of their target market.