Strong Character Research Articles

Construction of hydrophobic HKUST-1 in wood with selective adsorption performance for toluene and moisture blends

The effect of moisture on the volatile organic compound (VOC) adsorption on biomass-derived metal–organic framework composites is significant in practical applications. In this study, wood-based metal organic frameworks (MOF199-W) and hydrophobic MOF199-W (HMOF199-W) were developed using HKUST-1 (MOF199) and long alkyl chains to investigate the adsorption performance of toluene and enhance the selectivity of adsorption under high humidity conditions. The results demonstrated that HKUST-1 could be anchored onto the surface of wood vessels and fibers through coordination with Cu2+, resulting in an improved surface area in comparison to natural wood. The toluene adsorption capacity of MOF199-W with a 20 % loading was comparable to that of an equivalent amount of MOF199, with adsorption capacities of 323.5 mg/g and 369.9 mg/g, respectively. Further, the Yoon-Nelson model was found to adequately describe the dynamic adsorption process. Following the introduction of long alkyl chains, MOF199 and MOF199-W were endowed with strong hydrophobic character (water contact angle of 107.0◦, 104.0◦, and water uptake of 30.5 mL/g, 55.3 mL/g). With the increase in humidity, the adsorption performance of MOF199 and MOF199-W for toluene sharply decreased, but HMOF199 and HMOF199-W still maintained the adsorption capacities at 304.7 mg/g and 226.7 mg/g, even under 80 % RH conditions. Therefore, HMOF199-W has shown great potential in wooden building materials with the ability for toluene capture under humid conditions.

대북원조 역사에서 남북협력기금의 개발재원 역할 재조명: OECD CRS 기준 적용을 중심으로

Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the role of South Korea's aid to North Korea as a development resource and to identify its characteristics in comparison to major donor countries. Originality: For North Korea, where exports and foreign investments are limited, foreign aid represents a critical resource for development. Should progress be made on the North Korean nuclear issue, the demand for development in North Korea is expected to surge, and the role of the IKCF is anticipated to expand. This study is significant as a foundational research effort to enhance the utilization of the IKCF as a development resource. Methodology: It categorizes IKCF programs from 1995 to 2022 into development aid projects and projects based on the unique inter-Korean relationship. It reclassifies the programs using the OECD CRS and compares the aid patterns of major donors to highlight the distinctive features of South Korea's aid to North Korea. Result: Initially, the IKCF had a strong character as a development resource, but since the early 2000s, the proportion of projects based on the special inter-Korean relationship has increased, giving the fund a dual character. Since 2008, the significant reduction in aid to North Korea has diminished its development resource role. Comparing sectoral allocation patterns of South Korea and major donors shows these patterns vary depending on key donor countries, reflecting international circumstances and donor characteristics rather than North Korea’s needs. In the mid-2000s, aid through NGOs increased, focusing on ‘productive sectors’ despite criticism for small, fragmented projects. Conclusion and Implication: Given fluctuating international circumstances, diversifying aid to North Korea cooperation with other donors is necessary. To enhance future aid effectiveness, integrating small-scale development projects by private organizations through consortia and addressing sectoral imbalances from a long-term perspective is crucial.

Tip-like copper sites on high curvature supports for non-covalent to covalent interaction tuning in CO2 photoreduction

Single-atom engineering offers a promising method to transform CO2 into high-value chemicals. The local coordination structure design of the metal-support is crucial for overcoming slow reaction kinetics. In this study, Cu single atoms are immobilized on curved Bi12O17Br2 surface to create a tip-like metal site structure named Cutip-Bi12O17Br2. Due to the high curvature Bi12O17Br2 surface with tensile strain, the tip Cu creates significant electronegativity differences between adjacent Bi atomic sites, creating the vigorous polarization centers. The strong charge redistribution character of tip asymmetric Cu-Bi site favor the polarization of CO bond in nonpolar CO2 and adjust the noncovalent to covalent interaction of reaction intermediates. Benefiting from these features, the optimized Cutip-Bi12O17Br2 enhance the CO production rate by a factor of 34 relative to bulk-Bi12O17Br2, reaching a rate of 96.99 μmol g−1 h−1. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the structural regulation of single-atom on high curvature surface for CO2 photoreduction.

Konsep Pendidikan Keluarga Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an Kajian (Q.S.Thaaha Ayat 132)

This research discusses the concept of family education in the Qur'anic perspective, particularly through the study of Surah Thaaha verse 132. This verse emphasizes the importance of educating the family, especially in the spiritual aspect, focusing on the obligation to establish prayer and maintain a good relationship with Allah. In this verse, there is an order to encourage family members to pray consistently and patiently. Family education in this perspective is not only an individual responsibility, but involves all family members to jointly uphold religious values. This research uses thematic interpretation method to explore the educational values in the verse, as well as how it is applied in Muslim family life. It is found that education in the family should be holistic, covering spiritual, moral, and social aspects, with the main goal of forming a strong character in faith and obedience to Allah.

Perkembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Pendidikan Budi Pekerti di SMA

The development of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Education curriculum in Senior High Schools (SMA) is crucial amidst increasingly complex social dynamics. This research aims to analyze the curriculum development process of PAI and Character Education, focusing on the implementation of character-based learning methods. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature review to explore relevant theories and concepts. The research design centers on identifying curriculum development principles, including the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The findings reveal that effective curriculum development involves intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities, with the primary goal of shaping students with strong moral character and a deep understanding of religion. A holistic curriculum that is relevant to students' needs can strengthen their moral character and mitigate the negative influences from external environments. The implications of this research highlight the importance of collaboration between schools, parents, and the community in developing a PAI curriculum that can address contemporary challenges and prepare young generations to face modern life with integrity.

Masculinities in Chinese boys’ love stories: female imaginations, market forces and state influence

ABSTRACT This study investigates the imagined utopia of Chinese masculinity to uncover contemporary ideals of Chinese manhood and prototypes of gender relationships. To this end, the study involves in-depth interviews with 25 danmei creators and online questionnaires collected from danmei communities in mainland China. This study contributes to previous scholarly discussions by delineating danmei’s fandom and danmei’s literary formulae. The created masculinities in danmei reflect rising female creators’ subjectivities. Nevertheless, danmei’s political implications in China are limited and cannot be generalized as a move to overthrow the patriarchy or oversimplified as a step towards a feminist movement. Among the different archetypes of relationships, the pairing of two strong male characters enjoys the most popularity, which attests to women’s projection of independent subjectivity and rising neoliberal sensibilities in China. However, these emergent masculinities, initiated by female creators, persist in negotiations with the market and the state. The danmei industry in China, although subject to stringent surveillance, continues to flourish through underground avenues such as piracy and overseas purchasing agents.

The Many Facets of RuII(dppe)2 Acetylide Compounds.

In this contribution, we describe the various research domains in which RuII alkynyl derivatives are involved. Their peculiar molecular properties stem from a strong and intimate overlap between the metal centered d orbitals and the π system of the acetylide ligands, resulting in plethora of fascinating properties such as strong and tunable visible light absorption with a strong MLCT character essential for sensing, photovoltaics, light-harvesting applications or non-linear optical properties. Likewise, the d/π mixing results in tunable redox properties at low potential due to the raising of the HOMO level, and making those compounds particularly suited to achieve redox switching of various properties associated to the acetylide conjugated ligand, such as photochromism, luminescence or magnetism, for charge transport at the molecular level and in field effect transistor devices, or charge storage for memory devices. Altogether, we show in this review the potential of RuII acetylide compounds, insisting on the molecular design and suggesting further research developments for this class of organometallic dyes, including supramolecular chemistry.

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in realizing quality education at Daarut Tauhiid Boarding School Putri Junior High School

This research is motivated by the fact that there are still several schools that have not been fully able to show efforts in realizing the SDGs goal 4, namely quality education. This study aims to describe and analyze the steps taken in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages of the implementation of SDGs in realizing quality education at Daarut Tauhiid Boarding School. In addition, this study also identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of SDGs to achieve quality education at the school. This study uses a qualitative approach and case study method with observational data collection techniques, interviews and documentation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Daarut Tauhiid Boarding School Putri has implemented the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) in realizing quality education with the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and the Daarut Tauhid Islamic Boarding School Curriculum which focuses on character education in the form of good and strong character (BAKU). The BAKU character consists of six character assessments, namely sincerity, honesty, tawadhu, courage, discipline, and resilience. The pesantren curriculum has 4 curriculum pillars, namely: ma'rifatullah, entrepreneurship, leadership, and environmental insight.

Theoretical Review of The Nature and the Possibilities of Inclusive Catholic Education in Lithuania

Aim. The aim of this theoretical review is to identify the possibilities of inclusive education in a Catholic school. The review seeks to describe the ways in which such schools have already chosen to engage or not engage in compulsory inclusive education in Lithuania. It also seeks to highlight the Catholic Church's teaching on inclusion of vulnerable groups. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Analysis and synthesis of Catholic Church documents. Results. The analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature revealed that Catholic educational institutions in Lithuania implement one of the following three ways of contact with inclusion: a) full inclusion, b) gradual involvement in the state strategy of inclusion, c) segregation of pupils at the time of admission to the school. The analysis and synthesis of Catholic Church documents has shown that the Church's teaching on the inclusion of vulnerable groups unequivocally invites, encourages and even insists that schools become open to all children and their needs. Conclusions. The very nature of the Church community is inherently inclusive and has no room for discrimination; on the contrary, its weakest members should be the most lovingly protected. The development of Catholic education is bound up not only with the creators of specific educational paradigms, but also with the changes in general education in a particular context. Although concrete practices are gradually changing and showing good trends towards inclusiveness, some schools retain a strong elitist character and tend to offer aid as a form of charitable action outside the formal schooling.

Engineering π-Electron Bridge Enables Low-Potential 2D Redox Polymer Anodes for High-Voltage Aqueous All-Organic Batteries.

Here, we propose a novel π-electron bridge engineering strategy to explore a class of dioxin-bridged 2D redox covalent organic polymer (RCOP) as trade-off-breaking anodes for high-voltage aqueous all-organic batteries (AAOBs). By establishing a tunable RCOP platform, we perform theoretical study to scrutinize how bridge units between active sites affect the electrode potential and redox activity for the first time. We discover that compared to common pyrazine bridge, the weakened conjugation and strong electron donor character of the proposed dioxin bridge can induce elevated LUMO level and enriched π-electron populations in active sites, heralding a low electrode potential and enhanced redox activity. Besides, nonaromaticity induced molecular flexibility of dioxin bridge mitigates intermolecular stacking for sufficient active site exposure and charge carrier uptake. To experimentally corroborate this, a new dioxin-bridged RCOP (D-HATN) and its pyrazine-bridged analogue (P-HATN) are synthesized for proof-of-concept demonstration. Hence, D-HATN displays excellent compatibility with Na+/Zn2+/NH4+/H3O+ and obviously lower redox potentials in various electrolytes compared to P-HATN, while affording rapid Grotthuss-type proton conduction and unprecedented durability in acid. Thus, the D-HATN-involved all-organic proton battery delivers an average output voltage of 0.75 V, which can be further elevated to 1.63 V with alkaline-acidic hybrid electrolyte design, affording markedly-increased specific energy.

Corrosion performance and mechanism of clay-lignin biocomposite: Effective bio based coating with strong adhesion character for extended carbon steel protection

The development of sustainable and eco-friendly anticorrosion coating for metal substrates is a pivotal advancement in various engineering fields. Hence, the novel sepiolite-lignin (SP-L) and bentonite-lignin (BN-L) biocomposites were successfully introduced in an alkyd resin 5.0 wt% and applied on carbon steel (CS), to prepare the alkyd SP-L (A/SP-L) and BN-L (A/BN-L) coatings. Particle size and zeta potential measurements were conducted to determine the average particle size and assess the stability of the reinforcing pigments. The corrosion performance of A/SP-L and A/BN-L coatings revealed higher protection with an impedance modulus of about 5.18 × 105 Ω.cm² and 7.86 × 105 Ω.cm², respectively, after 6weeks of immersion in 3 % NaCl solution, measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which were extremely higher than the reference alkyd (RA) 1.13 × 103 Ω.cm². The adhesion of the three coated samples before and after immersion was assessed using pull-off test, while their hydrophobicity and impermeability were evaluated using saline corrosion and water absorption tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to examine the corrosion mechanism. The results demonstrated an excellent coating quality and interfacial adhesion against corrosion.

A Mixed Methods Study on Character Traits of Nursing Students and Faculty Influencing a 100% Passing Rate in the Nursing Licensure Exam in the Philippines.

This study explores the character traits contributing to the 100% passing rate of nursing graduates in the Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE) in the Philippines over the past decade. Understanding these traits provides insights into the factors driving academic and professional success in nursing. Employing a convergent parallel mixed methods design, this study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through electronic surveys from 222 nursing alumni and 39 faculty members, focusing on character traits and behaviors linked to NLE success. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 29; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) for descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Additionally, in-depth interviews with 21 alumni and 15 faculty members provided qualitative insights. Data saturation was reached with 11 faculty and 13 alumni, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the participants' experiences. Quantitative results from factor analysis showed that spirituality, love of learning, honesty, and kindness are among the qualities that are necessary for success in NLE. These character traits have a significant impact on both career readiness and academic performance. Qualitative results revealed the importance of resilience, faculty support, and peer relationships in fostering these attributes. It became evident that building a healthy learning environment required the support of peers and professors and that resilience was necessary to manage the stress of tests. Both datasets emphasized the need for a strong character and academic achievement in conjunction with long-term success. The study highlights that obtaining a high NLE passing rate is mostly dependent on academic knowledge in addition to character attributes. Character education techniques such as role-playing, reflective writing, and service-learning can be incorporated into nursing curricula to improve attributes such as empathy and resilience. Continuous faculty development and structured mentorship are also crucial. Character development must be incorporated into academic learning in nursing education. Focusing on qualities such as empathy, resilience, and ethical judgment, along with implementing character education tactics such as service-learning and reflective writing, are crucial to prepare graduates to succeed in professional practice and board exams. A comprehensive approach that blends character development with academic achievement produces skilled and compassionate healthcare professionals.

The Integration Of Christian Values In The Implementation Of An Independent Curriculum In Christian Schools In Developing Student Character In The Era Of Digital Technology

The digital era brings significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Christian schools are faced with the challenge of integrating Christian values in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum amid the onslaught of digital technology. This study aims to analyze the integration of Christian values in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Christian schools in developing student character in the era of digital technology. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this study is a literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Christian values that can be taught to children at school through the Merdeka Curriculum include love, patience, tolerance, empathy and sympathy, honesty, humility, loyalty, and responsibility. The implementation of these values in Christian schools through the Merdeka Curriculum can produce graduates with strong character and ready to face challenges in the era of digital technology. These Christian values help students build a strong and firm faith, so that they are able to face the various temptations and challenges presented by digital technology.

Pelatihan Kepemimpinan dan Pendidikan Karakter untuk Guru dan Siswa di Sekolah Binaan Berbasis Game Edukasi

Leadership training and character education for teachers in assisted schools is carried out to improve the quality of education through increasing leadership abilities and instilling character values. As educators and classroom leaders, teachers have a major impact on students' intellectual and moral development. Therefore, this training is designed to provide the skills and knowledge needed so that teachers can become leaders and shape students' strong character and integrity. This program includes leadership theory, effective communication techniques, conflict management, getting to know one's identity, as well as strategies for developing student character according to the independent curriculum. The approach used combines active learning methods such as group discussions and case studies, so that teachers can apply the concepts learned in real contexts. The main focus is on developing student character through values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, empathy and cooperation. This training can improve the leadership competence of school principals and classroom teachers, create a positive school environment, and produce the next generation with strong character and harmony. Students are expected to be able to have better character in the future in knowing themselves, culture, the environment and nationalist spirit.

Peran Guru dalam Budaya Sekolah Untuk Membentuk Sikap Disiplin Peserta Didik

Discipline reflects an attitude that embodies an awareness of and adherence to rules, contributing to the formation of moral character. As such, discipline is a critical issue, particularly in educational settings. In this context, the role of teachers in schools is crucial for developing strong character in students. This study aims to: (1) analyze the role of teachers in cultivating the disciplinary attitudes of second-grade students in class II-A at SDN-4 Menteng Palangka Raya, and (2) identify the factors that support the development of these disciplinary attitudes. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed. The primary instrument in this research was the researcher, and data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were processed through reduction, explanation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of the research indicate that: (1) The role of teachers in shaping the disciplinary attitudes of class II-A students at SDN-4 Menteng Palangka Raya encompasses their roles as educators, guides, and motivators. (2) The factors supporting the development of a disciplined attitude among these students include fostering good habits such as proper manners, time management, and adherence to rules, as well as providing consistent guidance, which collectively contribute to the enhancement of student discipline.

Nature of Long-Lived Moiré Interlayer Excitons in Electrically Tunable MoS2/MoSe2 Heterobilayers.

Interlayer excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers combine high binding energy and valley-contrasting physics with a long optical lifetime and strong dipolar character. Their permanent electric dipole enables electric-field control of the emission energy, lifetime, and location. Device material and geometry impact the nature of the interlayer excitons via their real- and momentum-space configurations. Here, we show that interlayer excitons in MoS2/MoSe2 heterobilayers are formed by charge carriers residing at the Brillouin zone edges, with negligible interlayer hybridization. We find that the moiré superlattice leads to the reversal of the valley-dependent optical selection rules, yielding a positively valued g-factor and cross-polarized photoluminescence. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that the interlayer exciton population retains the optically induced valley polarization throughout its microsecond-long lifetime. The combination of a long optical lifetime and valley polarization retention makes MoS2/MoSe2 heterobilayers a promising platform for studying fundamental bosonic interactions and developing excitonic circuits for optical information processing.

Characterization of Camphene- and Fenchol-Based Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents and Their Application in Aldehyde Extraction.

Binary terpenoid-based eutectic systems consisting of the natural substances camphene (CA), fenchol (FE), thymol (TH), menthol (ME), dodecanoic acid (DA), and 1-dodecanol (DO) are synthesized and screened for their Solid-Liquid Equilibrium (SLE) and eutectic compositions. Out of nine eutectic systems, 13 solvent compositions at eutectic points and next to them, in addition to the reference solvent, TH:ME, are synthesized and applied for the solvent extraction of the aromatic aldehydes vanillin (VAN), syringaldehyde (SYR), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HYD) from an acidic aqueous model solution. The extraction efficiency is determined from aldehyde concentrations measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), taking into consideration mutual solubility measured by Karl Fischer titration (KF) and a Total Organic Carbon-analysis (TOC). Physicochemical properties, such as the density, viscosity, and stability of the solvents, are evaluated and discussed. Additionally, 1H-NMR measurements are performed to verify hydrogen bonding present in some of the solvents. The results show that all synthesized eutectic systems have a strong hydrophobic character with a maximum water saturation of ≤2.21 vol.% and solvent losses of ≤0.12 vol.% per extraction step. The hydrophobic eutectic solvents based on CA exhibit lower viscosities, lower mutual solubility, and lower extraction efficiency for the aromatic aldehydes when compared with FE-based solvents. The highest extraction efficiencies for VAN (>95%) and for SYR (>93%) at an extraction efficiency of 92.61% for HYD are achieved by the reference solvent TH:ME (50:50 mol.%). With an extraction efficiency of 93.08%, HYD is most preferably extracted by the FE-DO-solvent (80:20 mol.%), where the extraction efficiencies for VAN and SYR reach their maximum at 93.37% and 90.75%, respectively. The drawbacks of the high viscosities of 34.741 mPas of the TH:ME solvent and 31.801 mPas of the FE-DO solvent can be overcome by the CA-TH solvent, which has a viscosity of 3.436 mPas, while exhibiting extraction efficiencies of 71.92% for HYD, >95% for VAN, and >93% for SYR, respectively.

Theoretical Study of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Lead Complexes with Radiopharmaceutical Interest.

The 203Pb and 212Pb lead radioisotopes are attracting growing interest as they can aid in the development of personalized, targeted radionuclide treatment for advanced and currently untreatable cancers. In the present study, the bonding interactions of Pb2+ with twelve macrocyclic ligands, having an octa and nona coordination, were assessed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The molecular structures in an aqueous solution were computed utilizing the polarized continuum model. The preference for the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) structure was confirmed for ten out of the eleven cyclen-based complexes. The characteristics of the bonding were assessed using a Natural Energy Decomposition Analysis (NEDA). The analysis revealed a strong electrostatic character of the bonding in the complexes, with minor variations in electrical terms. The charge transfer (CT) had a comparable energetic contribution only in the case of neutral ligands, while in general, it showed notable variations regarding the various donor groups. Our data confirmed the general superiority of the carboxylate O and aromatic N donors. The combination of the selected efficient pendant arms pointed out the superiority of the acetate pendant arms and the lack of significant cooperation between the different pendant arms in the probed ligands. Altogether, the combination led only to a marginal enhancement in the total CTs in the complexes.

Manipulating the Substituent Sphere of a Bicyclic Silicon(I) Ring Compound Results in Anionic Cubane-Type Clusters and a Tetrahedral Silanide.

The reaction of the bicyclic silicon(I) ring compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4 1 with strong zwitterionic character and moderate sterical demand of the amido substituents with two equivalents of KC8 was investigated. This resulted in the unexpected abstraction of two amido substituents from 1 and additionally in dimerization to a dianionic Si8 cluster compound 2 with four unsubstituted silicon atoms and two [K([18]crown-6)]+ counter cations. Performing this reaction in the absence of [18]crown-6 results in release of only one amido substituent from 1 and dimerization to a dianionic Si8 cluster compound 3 with only two unsubstituted silicon atoms. This reaction with KC8 was repeated and trapping agents such as SiMe3Cl and tBuCl were added in-situ whereupon the second isolated homocyclic silylene 4 and a monoanionic hydride and tBu substituted Si8 cluster 5 with one unsubstituted silicon atom were isolated. Furthermore, 1 was reacted with KOtBu which resulted in the selective abstraction of one SiMe3 group and formation of the tetrahedral silanide 6 with one imido substituent bridging an edge of the tetrahedron.

The Gerty Cori phenomenon: the first woman Nobel laureate in Physiology and Medicine

Gerty Cori was the first woman awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first woman the Nobel Prize laureate in the United States, and the third woman the Nobel Prize laureate worldwide following Marie Curie-Skłodowska and her daughter, Irene Joliot-Curie. Despite a challenging and lengthy path to recognition, Gerty Cori’s exceptional qualities and strong character led to her success. In 1947, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with her husband and lifelong research partner Carl Cori “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”. The Nobel Committee recognized this discovery as one of the most outstanding achievements in biochemistry. Keywords: adrenaline, Cori cycle, diabetes, glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, glycogen, hexokinase, insulin, Nobel Prize, phosphoglucomutase, phosphorylase