Strong Tensile Strength Research Articles

Thermally Reversible Cross-Linking of Recyclable Polyamide Materials Based on Schiff Base and Diels-Alder Reactions.

Recyclability of cross-link polymer materials is essential to alleviate environmental pollution caused by discarded or damaged polymers. Herein, a facile method for producing recyclable polyamide materials is developed. Linear polymer chains are constructed by Schiff base reaction between glutaraldehyde (GD) and furandiamine (FD). The linear polymer chains are crosslinked by bismaleimide (BM) to give rise to polyamide material, named GF-BMs. The resulting GF-BMs polyamide material possesses strong tensile strength (78MPa) and good solvent resistance from room temperature to 135 °C. Especially, the thermally reversible Diels-Alder covalent bonds and dynamic imine bonds in the polymer network have a synergistic effect on fast-reprocessing, self-healing, and recyclability, which provides a new idea for recyclable materials.

Inovasi Kemasan Kertas Benih Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Dasar Kulit Jagung dan Ampas Tebu

Experimental research was carried out to obtain formulations of corn husk and sugarcane bagasse to produce good quality seed paper packaging. The differences in the raw material formulations used were (70% corn husk : 30% bagasse), P2 (50% corn husk : 50% bagasse) and P3 (30% corn husk : 70% bagasse). The research data were analyzed using ANOVA and for each treatment that was significantly different it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% confidence level. The results showed that corn husks and bagasse could be used as raw materials for paper, with a characteristic of yellow to brown in color, and were able to be formed into paper pouch packaging. Based on statistical analysis using ANOVA at α level of 5%, P3 treatment (25% corn husk : 75% bagasse) is the best treatment which produces paper packaging with the strongest tensile strength (12.1 N), the best elasticity (14.4%), as much as 65% can decompose in the soil after being planted for 4 weeks, and the seeds managed to germinate on the 9th day after the paper was planted.

An Adhesive/Anti-Adhesive Janus Tissue Patch for Efficient Closure of Bleeding Tissue with Inhibited Postoperative Adhesion.

Most of the current bioadhesives cannot perform well on bleeding tissues while postoperative adhesion is a general but serious clinical issue. Here, a three-layer biodegradable Janus tissue patch (J-TP) that is able to simultaneously enable efficient closure of bleeding wounds with significantly promoted clotting ability and suppressed postoperative adhesion of tissues is reported. A dry adhesive hydrogel bottom layer of the J-TP can form rapid (within 15 s) and strong (tensile strength up to 98kPa) adhesion to bleeding/wet tissues with high bursting pressure (about 312.5mmHg on a sealed porcine skin) through hydrogen binding and covalent conjugation between the carboxyl & N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) groups of hydrogel and the primary amine groups of tissues, while the phosphonic motifs can significantly reduce blood loss (by 81% on a rat bleeding liver model) of bleeding wounds. A thin polylactic acid (PLA) middle layer can improve the tensile strength (by 132%) of the J-TP in wet conditions while the grafted zwitterionic polymers can effectively prevent postoperative tissue adhesion and inflammatory reaction. This J-TP may be a promising tissue patch to assist the clinical treatment of injured bleeding tissues with inhibited postoperative adhesion.

A Novel Porous Butyryl Chitin-Animal Derived Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold for Cranial Bone Defect Repair.

Bone defects, a common orthopedic problem in clinical practice, are a serious threat to human health. As alternative materials to autologous bone grafts, synthetic cell-free functionalized scaffolds have been the focus of recent research in designing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Butyryl chitin (BC) is a derivative of chitin (CT) with improved solubility. It has good biocompatibility, but few studies have investigated its use in bone repair. In this study, BC was successfully synthesized with a degree of substitution of 2.1. BC films were prepared using the cast film method and showed strong tensile strength (47.8 ± 4.54 N) and hydrophobicity (86.4 ± 2.46°), which was favorable for mineral deposition. An in vitro cytological assay confirmed the excellent cell attachment and cytocompatibility of the BC film; meanwhile, in vivo degradation indicated the good biocompatibility of BC. Hydroxyapatite (HA), extracted from bovine cancellous bone, had good cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction activity for the mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. With the aim of combining the advantages of BC and HA, a BC-HA composite scaffold, with a good pore structure and mechanical strength, was prepared by physical mixing. Administered into skull defects of rats, the scaffolds showed perfect bone-binding performance and effective structural support, and significantly promoted the regeneration of new bone. These results prove that the BC-HA porous scaffold is a successful bone tissue engineering scaffold and has strong potential to be further developed as a substitute for bone transplantation.

MP42-20 TO SEAL OR NOT TO SEAL: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF TISSUE ADHESIVES FOR BLADDER AND URETERAL RECONSTRUCTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP42-20 TO SEAL OR NOT TO SEAL: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF TISSUE ADHESIVES FOR BLADDER AND URETERAL RECONSTRUCTION Juan Ramirez, George E. Aninwene, and Renea M. Sturm Juan RamirezJuan Ramirez More articles by this author , George E. AninweneGeorge E. Aninwene More articles by this author , and Renea M. SturmRenea M. Sturm More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003280.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: While surgical adhesives may be FDA approved as adjunct hemostatic agents or sealants, application is typically off-label for urinary tract tissue. Current literature lacks consensus regarding the role of tissue adhesives for bladder and ureteral reconstruction. This systematic review synthesizes clinical and animal data across key adhesives that have been applied to bladder and ureteral tissue, assessing trade-offs between competing parameters affecting agent selection and effectiveness. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify articles published from 2000-2021 that reported urologic reconstruction and the use of adhesive, hemostatic agents, and/or sealants. Figure 1A illustrates identification and inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS: 29 publications were included (18 human, 11 animal; Figure 1B). Fibrin sealant was the most commonly evaluated adhesive, followed by cyanoacrylate and bovine serum/albumin/glutaraldehyde (bioglue). Clinically, all three adhesive types effectively managed fistulas, with significant decrease in operative time, decrease blood loss, and resolution of urinary leakage. When comparing acute inflammatory and wound healing responses, cyanoacrylate demonstrated higher cytotoxicity in comparison to fibrin sealant. No significant inflammation at 1 week (in comparison to sutured closures) occurred following bioglue application. In prior characterization studies, cyanoacrylate had the strongest tensile strength and adhesive parameters; however, no study assessed mechanical or adhesive parameters of fibrin sealants or bioglues in bladder or ureteral tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This systemic review provides overall low-level evidence for the application of the three major adhesive types to bladder and ureteral reconstruction as a suture reinforcement. However, these three adhesive types are not equivalent, demonstrating trade-offs between adhesive strength and cytotoxicity. Future research is needed to assess comparative parameters of all three major adhesives, including mechanical and adhesive benchtop testing, effects on wound healing, and long-term outcomes of clinical application to bladder and ureteral tissue. Source of Funding: National Science Foundation and UCLA Tech Development Group © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e575 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Juan Ramirez More articles by this author George E. Aninwene More articles by this author Renea M. Sturm More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modeling of the Mode I Tensile Response of an Alumina Ceramic

We have developed a three-dimensional hybrid finite-discrete element model to investigate the mode I tensile opening failure of alumina ceramic. This model implicitly considers the flaw system in the material and explicitly shows the macroscopic failure patterns. A single main crack perpendicular to the loading direction is observed during the tensile loading simulation. Some fragments appear near the crack surfaces due to crack branching. The tensile strength obtained by our model is consistent with the experimental results from the literature. Once validated with the literature, the influences of the distribution of the flaw system on the tensile strength and elastic modulus are explored. The simulation results show that the material with more uniform flaw sizes and fewer big flaws has stronger tensile strength and higher elastic modulus.

Double‐network PVA/gelatin/borax hydrogels with self‐healing, strength, stretchable, stable, and transparent properties

AbstractHydrogels have displayed great potential applications in biological intelligent devices, tissue engineering and electronic wearable fields. As the two most important factors limiting the application of hydrogels, strength and self‐healing ability have always been the focus of research, but the incompatibility between them has not been resolved. It is worth noting that double‐network structure and the introduction of reversible bonds show great promise as a feasible scheme to solve the above problems. Herein, the PVA/G/B double‐network hydrogels were developed by a simple synthesis process and exhibited excellent properties, including strong tensile strength (~787 kPa), high elongation at break (~200%), excellent self‐healing properties (healing efficiency exceeds 93%), good dimensional stability and transparency. This study provides an effective method for designing hydrogels with high strength, stretchability, stability, transparency and excellent self‐healing properties based on the gelatin reinforcing strategy.

Ambient temperature self-healing waterborne polyurethane based on dynamic ditelluride bonds with recyclable and antibacterial functions

Waterborne polyurethanes with higher mechanical properties, excellent self-healing efficiency under moderately controlled conditions and multiple functions are a sort of interesting and useful finishing materials for a wide range of applications. Herein, we prepared a multifunctional waterborne polyurethane (DTe-WPU) with ambient temperature self-healing, recyclable and antibacterial functions by introducing dynamic ditelluride bonds in the main chain. The film of synthesized waterborne polyurethane exhibits strong tensile strength (~17.5 MPa), satisfactory elongation (~860 %), and rapid self-healing (healing efficiency 85.4 % of stress, 91.99 % of stain, at ambient temperature visible light irradiation for 30 min). The film of DTe-WPU-2 can be recycled under pressure and visible light irradiation benefiting from the material's favorable self-healing properties, and the tensile stress of recycled material can be restored to >80 % of its original performance even after three recycle tests. Importantly, the introduction of ditelluride bonds can endow the finishing materials with good antibacterial properties (the antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed 90.2 % and 92.5 %, respectively). Moreover, the leather coating finished with DTe-WPU-2 showed favorable self-healing properties. The present work will be hopefully developed as a facile designing method to fabricate environmentally friendly water dispersion polymers with fast ambient temperature self-repairing performance, recyclable and antimicrobial functions.

一种面向柔性离子电子学的超强韧、可拉伸的多功能离子凝胶

Ionogels have attracted much attention in recent years because of their good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and non-volatility. However, there is a trade-off between the mechanical strength and stretchability of ionogels, which results in unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Herein, strong polymer crystallization and weak ion-dipole interaction are combined to prepare an ultra-tough and super-stretchable ionogel. The crystalline region can dissipate the energy through the stress-induced disaggregation mechanism in the stretching process and toughen the gel, while the reversible formation and dissociation of the ion-dipole interaction between amorphous polymer chains and ionic liquids can provide elasticity for large strain. These ionogels have high toughness, strong tensile strength, large Young’s modulus, and good stretchability. Furthermore, the ionogels also possess other properties like good fatigue resistance, quick self-recovery, high transparency, recyclability, self-healing ability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. This ionogel exhibits great potential in several iontronic devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators, ionic thermoelectric materials, and strain sensors. This study develops a new method to guide the preparation of high-performance ionogels by combining reversible strong and weak interactions.

Study on the failure mechanism of 1060‐H112 aluminum alloy‐carbon/glass fiber laminate

AbstractFiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) are attracting much attention from researchers as emerging aerospace materials. In this paper, 1060‐H112 aluminum alloy‐carbon/glass fiber laminates were prepared by vacuum bagging method. Subsequently, based on tensile, three‐point bending and low‐velocity impact experiments, the quasi‐static mechanical properties as well as the dynamic response to impact of the two fiber laminates were investigated. The results show that the carbon fiber metal laminate (CARALL) has stronger tensile strength and inter‐ply tensile consistency, while the glass fiber metal laminate (GLARE) has better bending resistance. The impact response of CARALL and GLARE is closely related to the impactor shape and impact energy. The peak loads of the FMLs increased with increasing impact energy over the range of impact energies tested. However, the peak load of CARALL is more sensitive to the impact energy, while the deformation of GLARE is more sensitive to the impact energy. With complete penetration of the impactor into the target, the fibers of GLARE were ductile fracture and fibers of CARALL were brittle fracture for the blunt impactor impact, while the fibers of both GLARE and CARALL were ductile fracture for the hemispherical impactor impact. Under the impact of both impactors, two types of FMLs showed matrix broken, delamination, and local debonding.

Antioxidant packaging films developed by in-situ cross-linking chitosan with dialdehyde starch-catechin conjugates

In this study, four dialdehyde starch-catechin (DAS-catechin) conjugates were prepared by conjugating (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with dialdehyde starch. Then, DAS-catechin conjugates were used as antioxidant and cross-linking agents to produce chitosan (CS) based antioxidant packaging films. The functionality of CS/DAS-catechin conjugate films was determined. Results showed four DAS-catechin conjugates formed Schiff-base linkages and hydrogen bond interactions with CS, resulting in improved film uniformity. Compared with plain CS film, CS/DAS-catechin conjugate films owned higher UV–vis light, water vapor and oxygen barrier ability, lower swelling degree, and stronger tensile strength, thermal stability and antioxidant activity. The cross-linking between CS and DAS-catechin conjugates delayed the biodegradable process of CS film. CS/DAS-catechin conjugate films showed good performance on inhibiting sunflower seed oil oxidation. Notably, CS/DAS-ECG conjugate film had the highest oxygen barrier, mechanical and antioxidant performances among four CS/DAS-catechin conjugate films. Therefore, CS/DAS-ECG conjugate film is an antioxidant packaging candidate for edible oil.

Direct measurements of the interactions between methane hydrate particle-particle/droplet in high pressure gas phase

Hydrate particle agglomeration is the critical process of hydrate blocks the pipeline. However, the microscopic mechanism of hydrate agglomeration under high pressure is still unclear. In this study, the interactions between methane hydrate particle-particle/droplet in high pressure gas phase were initially measured using a custom-built high-pressure micromechanical force device (HP-MMF). Moreover, the effects of subcooling, annealing time, and contact time on the interaction forces were examined. The results suggest that the hydrate particle-particle cohesion forces are in the order of × 10 mN·m−1, which increases with the contact time and decreases with the annealing time and subcooling. The reason is due to the change of these factors on the volume of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) and the morphology of the particle. Compared with the cohesion forces of hydrate particle-particle, the adhesion forces between hydrate particle and water droplet are much stronger, and the force ranges from × 102 mN·m−1 to × 103 mN·m−1. The adhesion forces are also the function of subcooling and contact time. The increase in subcooling and contact time leads to higher water conversion rate in the liquid bridge. Consequently, the dominant mechanism of the interaction changes from liquid bridge capillary force to the strong tensile strength of the hydrate gradually. This study presents the primary investigation of methane hydrate particle interaction forces, which can offer insights into understanding the agglomeration mechanism of hydrate in the gas pipeline. Furthermore, the obtained interaction forces can supply basic data for evaluating the hydrate plugging risk.

Biologically Derived Metal–Cysteine Coordination Complexes Crosslink Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber and Enable Room Temperature Self-Healing, Stretchability, and Recyclability

In this study, we investigated a network of carboxylated nitrile rubber crosslinked by biologically derived coordination complexes that possesses good room temperature self-healing properties in addition to high tensile strength, stretchability, and recyclability. First, we showed the synthesis and analysis of coordination complexes composed of two metal salts (nickel nitrate and zinc nitrate), whose corresponding thiol and amino groups engage with the l-cysteine amino acid to produce the complex. Infrared spectrum, X-ray pattern, mass spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX), and morphology (SEM and TEM) analysis have all been used to characterize the metal–cysteine complexes. These Ni–cysteine and Zn–cysteine complexes have an apparent behavior after addition to XNBR rubber, as observed by several investigations (including swelling experiment, rubber process analysis, universal testing machine (UTM) analysis, and morphological analysis). Therefore, compared to the Ni-cysteine- and pristine cysteine-cured XNBR compounds, the Zn–cysteine complex-cured XNBR compound showed extreme stretchability, recyclability, and strong tensile strength of 3.8 ± 0.2 MPa. It also had a remarkable healing performance of 89.5%. This concept is strongly approved by the increased physico-mechanical properties of XNBR rubber and the recyclability with self-healing capability.

Effects of Various Pseudomonas Bacteria Concentrations on the Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete

The goal of this study is to improve concrete’s efficiency by using a microbiologically produced specific growth/filler. One such way of thinking has resulted in the invention of a highly unusual concrete known as microbial concrete, which uses bacteria to cure flaws in the concrete. Investigators working with various microorganisms suggested several microbial concretes. The bacterium “Pseudomonas” was used in this experiment. Pseudomonas bacteria, which can make calcite precipitates on a proper medium supplied with a calcium supply, is a typical science lab bacterium for calcite generation. Two different concentrations (106 cfu/mL and 107 cfu/mL) of bacteria were added to cement concrete and it was observed that the bacterial concrete with two different concentrations gives results as compared with normal concrete. According to the findings of this investigation, the inclusion of bacteria resulted in a considerable increase in compressive strength when the dilution factor was 106 cells per ml of mixed water. With the incorporation of the microorganisms, it was discovered that holes were partly filled up by material growth, as shown by scanning electron micrography inspection of the sample. Concrete cubes without and with the inclusion of bacteria were molded, and it was discovered that the compressive strength of the cubes with the injection of microorganisms increased significantly. In this study, concrete cylinders without and with the inclusion of microorganisms were molded, and it was discovered that the split tensile strength of the cylinders with the injection of microorganisms increased significantly above the control. When compared with regular concrete, the results showed a maximum increase of 16 percent in compressive strength and a maximum increase of 12 percent in split tensile strength. It was discovered via durability testing that bacterial concrete had less weight loss and stronger tensile strength than conventional concrete when treated with 5 percent H2SO4 or 5 percent MgSO4 compared with control concrete.

Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process Parameters for AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Tungsten Inert Gas welding process (TIG) has been widely used in industries. A robotic arm has been adopted in the industry with objectives to replace or efficiently improved some severe welding conditions where it is dangerous for human and to increase productivity and quality. This research is aimed to find the optimal conditions of TIG welding process on AISI 304 stainless steel. The design of experiments used a statistical method to determine the optimal TIG welding conditions providing the strongest tensile strength across the weldment. The fractional factorial experimental design and then the central composite design were used as a response surface method to find the optimal TIG welding conditions for AISI 304 stainless steel using robotics system. The statistically significant factors and their optimal values are the welding current (136 Ampere), welding speed (13 cm/min), wire feed rate (93 cm/min), and the arc gap (2.5 mm). After that, the residual stress caused by TIG welding at the optimal condition was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results showed that the weldment obtained from the optimal welding conditions provides compressive residual stresses which cause the materials to be stronger.

Development of real-time intelligent films from red pitaya peel and its application in monitoring the freshness of pork.

Red pitaya peel (RPP) is a good source of polysaccharides, which can be used in the production of biodegradable material. Betacyanins in it possess antioxidant and pH-sensitive properties. However, RPP is commonly discarded during fruit processing. This study aimed to develop real-time intelligent film using RPP to evaluate pork freshness. Real-time intelligent films were developed with film-forming substrates (FFS) composed of 60-100% (w/w) RPP and 0-4% (v/w) glycerol in pH4.3 ~ 8.0. Rheology tests revealed that the FFS exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that molecules in the RPP interacted with glycerol and formed hydrogen bonds. It showed that the film developed with FFS of 80% RPP and 2% (v/w) glycerol had strong molecular interaction, dense structure, and optimal tensile strength and elongation at break. Film with pH adjusted to 7.0 had greater sensitivity to ammonia than film that was prepared at an original pH of4.3, so this film was used to monitor freshness of pork. A visible change in the color of the film was observed during the spoiling process of pork, which correlated with the accumulated total volatile base nitrogen. Based on its sensitivity to ammonia, the film made of 80% (w/w) RPP and 2% (v/w) glycerol at pH7.0 was recommended for use in monitoring the freshness of protein-rich food. Our findings are of great significance for ensuring meat quality and safety and for reducing food waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mechanical Properties and Tensile Model of Hemp-Fiber-Reinforced Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composite.

The preparation of a high-strength biodegradable plastic has always been the focus of academia. Here, we prepared two biodegradable composites using silane coupling-agent-modified hemp fibers (Si-HF) and unmodified hemp fibers (HF) with butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), respectively. We compared the differences of Si-HF/PBAT and HF/PBAT in terms of micromorphology, density, mechanical properties, thermal stability and biodegradability. The Si-HF has better interface interaction between the hemp and the PBAT matrix than the HF, which makes Si-HF/PBAT have better tensile properties. Moreover, Si-HF/PBAT has stronger tensile strength and modulus than HF/PBAT. Our results also show that the two composites have good biodegradability. This study provides an important reference for the subsequent development and utilization of hemp fibers.

Assessment of the influence of gluten quality on highland barley dough sheet quality by different instruments.

This study was to compare the results of texture analyzer with those of farinograph and extensograph and determine whether texture analyzer could be used to evaluate the processing quality of highland barley flour (HBF) dough sheet. The farinograph and extensograph tests were used to determine the reconstituted flour properties, a texture analyzer was applied to measure the tensile strength (TS) of HBF dough sheet, and the content of glutenin macropolymer (GMP), free sulfhydryl (-SH) and secondary structure of protein and microstructure in HBF dough sheet were investigated. Furthermore, correlations between these parameters were determined by regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. It was suggested that the reconstituted flours with a higher gluten index showed a higher farinograph quality number (FQN) and greater maximum resistance to extension (Rm ). HBF dough sheets with higher gluten index possessed higher GMP and lower free -SH contents, a more ordered secondary structure of protein, resulting in a more compact gluten network and a stronger TS. The regression and correlation analysis showed that TS was positively correlated with FQN and Rm . In addition, it was significantly correlated with the content of GMP, -SH, secondary structure of protein and gluten network. It was concluded that texture analyzer could be an alternative approach to evaluate the processing quality of HBF dough sheet. Moreover, the gluten index of flours could be used to predict the processing quality of HBF dough sheet.

Large‐scale fabrication of core‐shell triboelectric braided fibers and power textiles for energy harvesting and plantar pressure monitoring

AbstractFlexible and wearable energy harvesting devices and multifunctional sensors have been widely reported, but challenges in the large‐scale manufacturing process still exist. This work reports a large‐scale fabrication method of core‐shell triboelectric braided fibers that exhibit stable structure and strong tensile strength, which can be further integrated into power textiles with different fabric structures, such as weaving and knitting, with the purpose of biomechanical energy harvesting or plantar pressure monitoring. The triboelectric braided fibers integrating on the knitting power textiles exhibit good pressure sensitivity and fatigue resistance, which is combined with traditional socks to measure the pressure distribution of the plantar in different positions. The weaving power textiles exhibit high electrical output, which can be used for biomechanical energy harvesting and can easily light up 116 commercial LEDs. This large‐scale preparation approach provides more possibilities for power textiles applications in self‐powered wearable electronics and human–computer interfacing.

Thin-Reinforced Anion-Exchange Membranes with High Ionic Contents for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Processes.

Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are a core component that greatly affects the performance of electrochemical energy conversion processes such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) and all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The IEMs used in electrochemical energy conversion processes require low mass transfer resistance, high permselectivity, excellent durability, and also need to be inexpensive to manufacture. Therefore, in this study, thin-reinforced anion-exchange membranes with excellent physical and chemical stabilities were developed by filling a polyethylene porous substrate with functional monomers, and through in situ polymerization and post-treatments. In particular, the thin-reinforced membranes were made to have a high ion-exchange capacity and a limited degree of swelling at the same time through a double cross-linking reaction. The prepared membranes were shown to possess both strong tensile strength (>120 MPa) and low electrical resistance (<1 Ohm cm2). As a result of applying them to RED and VRFB, the performances were shown to be superior to those of the commercial membrane (AMX, Astom Corp., Japan) in the optimal composition. In addition, the prepared membranes were found to have high oxidation stability, enough for practical applications.