In this work, Yb3+/Er3+, Ho3+ codoped tetragonal-phase LiYF4 octahedral microparticles have been successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method. Here, we implemented a confocal microscopy setup to manipulate and study the optical properties of a single LiYF4 microparticle under a focused NIR 980nm excitation. The strong multi-colour upconversion emission intensity with beautiful luminescent patterns have been clearly observed. And output colours (the different ratio of red-to-green emission intensity) of single LiYF4: Yb3+/Er3+, Ho3+ microparticles have been anticipated to be adjusted by controlling Yb3+ doping concentrations. The results show that the different ratio of red-to-green emission intensity of Er3+ and Ho3+ in single LiYF4 microparticle, which is due to the cross-relaxation processes and energy back transfer processes between Yb3+ ions and Er3+ or Ho3+ leading to different population densities of intermediate energy levels. The upconversion emission mechanisms and the influence of Yb3+ concentrations on upconversion emission properties of Er3+ and Ho3+ ions are also discussed according to the emission spectra and rate equations.