Strong Stress Factor Research Articles

USE OF PULMONARY METABOLIC FUNCTION INDICATORS AS MARKERS OF ASPHYXIAL DEATH BY HANGING

During forensic examinations to establish the cause of death by asphyxiation in various types of mechanical asphyxiation, especially hanging, the greatest attention is paid to changes in the lungs. Despite the complexity of the genesis of death in mechanical asphyxia, the most common cause of death is asphyxia. Therefore, an important link in the progression of the asphyxia process is its effect on a vital organ such as the lungs. In order to address issues related to the development of pathological changes in the lungs, histochemical studies aimed at detecting markers of mechanical asphyxia are becoming increasingly important, in addition to the generally accepted macro- and micromorphological studies. The aim of the study is to analyse the current research on changes in the lungs during death by mechanical asphyxia due to hanging. Results. When establishing the cause of death with signs of mechanical asphyxia due to hanging, attention is drawn to the macromorphological manifestations of asphyxia genesis in the form of general signs of asphyxia that are not specific to this type of death. However, it has been found that their appearance is associated with the release of a number of biologically active substances into the body, since the process of dying by hanging is a strong stress factor. This is also indicated by micromorphological changes in various organs. The lungs receive the most attention in the study, as they are a crucial link in the asphyxiation process. The lungs are known to perform a number of important non-respiratory functions in addition to their primary function of gas exchange. The lung is an organ of biosynthesis and metabolism of many biologically active substances, regulating their levels in the blood. Some of these substances are released into the bloodstream in pathological conditions and significantly affect metabolic processes both in the lungs and throughout the body. Therefore, such substances can be used as biomarkers to prove the asphyxial genesis of death. Conclusions. Since the course of the asphyxiation process significantly affects the function of the lungs, which are the organ of biosynthesis and metabolism of many biologically active substances, the possibility of using these substances as markers of the asphyxial genesis of death in mechanical asphyxia, especially in hanging, has been demonstrated.

Relationships between pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, blood parameters and oxidative stress of white stork Ciconia ciconia chicks in Poland

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is a bird species located at the top of the trophic pyramid in grassland and wetland ecosystems. This charismatic species is susceptible to pesticides and their environmental residues. In 2016, we collected blood samples from 114 white stork chicks across Western and Southern Poland. Chicks were sexed by molecular analysis and aged by development pattern. We studied the relationship between the concentration of pesticides (beta-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, endrin, 4.4′-DDD, 4.4′-DDE and 4.4′-DDT) and of PCB in the chicks’ blood with blood morphology and biochemistry parameters in the blood. The mean (± SD) values of concentrations of above detection level pesticides were: for (1) beta-HCH 4.139 ± 19.205; (2) 4.4′-DDE 9.254 ± 91.491 and additionally (3) PCB 16.135 ± 44.777 ppb. We found negative relationships between beta-HCH and oxidative stress enzyme activity in the blood, between beta-HCH and leukocyte concentration and between 4.4′-DDE and catalase activity. We also found a positive relationship between the concentration of pesticides in blood and the age of chicks. Interestingly, we found a higher concentration of PCB in the blood of male stork chicks than in female stork chicks. We provide more evidence that the presence of pesticides in the environment can be a strong stress factor, shaping the health status of birds.

Analysing the In-Use Stability of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines Comirnaty™ (Pfizer) and Spikevax™ (Moderna): A Comparative Study of the Particulate.

Comirnaty™ and Spikevax™ were the first vaccines approved for human use based on modified non-replicating mRNA lipophilic nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) technology, with great success in the treatment of COVID-19. They have been used massively worldwide. One of the major inconveniences of these vaccines is related to pharmaceutical stability issues. Proper transportation, storage, and in-use handling before administration to patients are critical steps since failures can potentially reduce potency. In this research, the in-use stability of Comirnaty™ and Spikevax™ clinical samples was analysed and the results were compared. As changes in the size of the mRNA-LNPs are related to potency, these modifications were analysed by qualitative Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) as a stability-indicating method for control and stressed vaccine samples. Strong stress factors (accelerated light irradiation, manual shaking, and vortex vibration) and conditions that mimic in-use handling (exposure to natural light and room temperature, repeated cycles of injections, and 24 h storage in syringes) were checked. The morphology of the mRNA-LNPs was analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to better interpret and support the DLS results. Although the two vaccines are based on the same mRNA-LNP technology, the results demonstrate that they are characterised by very different particle size profiles and behaviours against different handling/stress conditions.

"Human factor" in emergency situations development at Nuclear Power Plants in the conditions of war

Since the beginning of Ukraine's full-scale war with the russian federation, the personnel of two Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) (Chornobyl and Zaporizhzhya) have been held hostage by the russian occupiers and subjected to intimidation and abuse. An additional strong stress factor can significantly affect the decision-making of NPP control panel operators, increases the probability of erroneous actions in the event of emergency situations, and can even become their cause. The purpose of our study was to determine the possible influence of the "human factor" on the development of emergency situations, as well as additional parameters for monitoring the health and psychological state of NPP operators working as hostages. Fourteen expert psychologists with at least 10 years of experience in the field of extreme psychology were involved in the study. After the introductory seminar, they were offered a questionnaire to determine the range of professionally important qualities that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of professional activity. The results of the expert evaluation became a hypothesis for the next stage of research on the possible influence of the temperament of operators on resistance to the stress of captivity. The technique of professiograms and psychograms separation, methods of scaling and balancing, methods of mathematical statistics and system analysis were used for the research. One hundred and twenty-four anonymous psychological examination cards and occupational profiles of NPP control panel operators who received a license for professional activity in Ukraine or improved their qualifications within the period of 2017‒2020 were analyzed. The predominant types of psychological reactions according to subjective-objective indicators in response to significant stressful situations were studied, and the types of temperaments were determined. The ability to perform professional functions at high and medium levels was recorded in 79 sanguine operators (63.2% of the total number of examined), in 16 choleric operators (12.8%), and was not recorded in melancholic operators. Also, high and medium levels of neuropsychological stability of operators were recorded in 74 sanguine operators (59.2% of the total number of examined), in 6 choleric operators (4.8%), and was not recorded in melancholic operators. To assess the psychological state of NPP control panel operators, it is proposed to use a retrospective analysis of interrelated parameters necessary for the performance of professional functions and indicators of neuropsychological stability. The study of additional parameters of the psychological state will allow to reduce the influence of the "human factor" on the risks of creating or untimely correction of emergency situations. Keywords: professionally important qualities, nuclear terrorism, hostages, performance of professional functions, neuropsychological stability, NPP control panel operators.

PaLS Study: Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Usage among Polish University Students in the Context of Stress Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and imposed restrictions were strong stress factors for young people, especially students. Increased alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, usage of heated tobacco products, and other stimulants are common methods of coping with anxiety. However, they can have serious negative health effects. A survey consisting of 12 questions related to mental health and psychoactive substance taking habits was distributed among Polish students between 22 February 2021 and 3 April 2021. A total of 1323 participants met all inclusion criteria (nfemales = 1021, nmales = 297, nother gender = 5). The mean age was 22 years old (±4.17); 47.62% were medical university students. A total of 71.92% reported negative impact, 8.25% did not notice changes, and 12.58% declared a positive pandemic impact on their mental health. A total of 12.58% declared an increase, 70.22% did not see any differences, and 17.20% reported a decrease in their psychoactive substance usage tendency due to the pandemic. Worse perceived psychologic well-being was correlated with a higher tendency to use tobacco (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p < 0.001), and not with marijuana and products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (p = 0.136), and hard drugs (p = 0.799). The majority of participants declared a negative pandemic impact on mental health and did not report significant changes in psychoactive substance taking habits. Medical personnel should be aware of the current situation and apply for proper prevention and treatment programs.

Сон и Covid-19: нейрофизиологические и биохимические аспекты

Functional disorders of the nervous system against the background of Covid-19 are reviewed with the emphasis on sleep and circadian clock disorders during the pandemic. The pandemic is regarded as the strong stress factor that affects sleep and the clock. A large risk group consists of elderly people and people with concomitant somatic pathology. Data on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on other organs and systems, on the functioning of the immune system, are presented.

Dynamics of psychoemotional characteristics in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Russian sampling specifics

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is known to be one of the most important surgical methods for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) which significantly reduces mortality and improves the quality of life of patients. In most cases, surgical intervention is a serious lifethreatening event and also a strong stress factor that affects the patients mental state. For this reason, there is an urgent need for psychological support for patients with CHD who are preparing for CABG. Therefore, when developing rehabilitation programmes and optimising psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional measures, it is very important to study the psychoemotional characteristics of patients with CHD prior to CABG surgery. The objective of the present research was to study the dynamics of psychoemotional characteristics (including manifestations of asthenia, anxiety and psychopathological symptoms) in the patients with CHD during their stay in the cardiology hospital prior to CABG surgery. The study used a clinical-psychological method and an experimentalpsychological method, including the Scale of Asthenic State (SAS), Integrative Anxiety Test (IAT), Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Big Five Personality Test. A comparative study of the asthenic state in the patients with CHD before and after myocardial revascularisation during inpatient treatment revealed the presence of a more pronounced asthenic component in the postoperative period as compared with the results obtained at the preoperative stage. The patients with CHD prior to CABG during inpatient treatment had a higher level of anxiety as compared with the postoperative stage, especially regarding the general level of state anxiety, including emotional discomfort and social defence reactions. In the postoperative period, a higher rate of the asthenic component was observed in the structure of state anxiety. A comparative study of the severity of psychopathological symptoms in the patients with CHD prior to CABG surgery and during the postoperative period recorded more intense manifestations of anxiety, obsessiveness and compulsiveness as well as paranoid tendencies before the operation. In the structure of personal characteristics of the patients with CHD during their stay in the cardiology hospital prior to CABG surgery, the lowest indicators, on average, were Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The results obtained are crucial for planning psychological intervention for patients with CHD.

Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism markers revealed long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion polymorphism in flax cultivated on the experimental fields around Chernobyl

Ionizing radiation in environment comes from various natural and anthropogenic sources. The effect of radioactivity released after the CNPP (Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant) on plant systems remains of great interest. Even now, more than three decades after the nuclear accident, the long-lived radionuclides represent a strong stress factor. Herein, the emphasis has been placed on analysis of genetic variability represented by activation of LTR (Long Terminal Repeat)-retrotransposons. Polymorphism in LTR-retrotransposon insertions has been investigated throughout the genome of two flax varieties, Kyivskyi and Bethune. For this purpose, two retrotransposon-based marker techniques, IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) and iPBS (inter-Primer Binding Site), have been employed. The hypothesis that chronic radioactive stress may induce mechanism of retransposition has been supported by the activation of FL9, FL11 and FL12 LTR-retrotransposons in flax seeds harvested from radioactive environment. Out of two retrotransposon-based approaches, IRAP appears to be more suitable for identification of LTR-retrotransposon polymorphism. Even though the LTR-retrotransposon polymorphism was identified, the results suggest the high level of plant adaptation in the radioactive Chernobyl area. However, it is not really surprising that plants developed an effective strategy to survive in radio-contaminated environment over the past 30 years.

Long-term effects of hydromorphological stream restoration on changes in microhabitats of Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera) and its population

Abstract Relationships between various techniques of stream restoration and selected characteristics of larvae of Ephemera danica (Muller 1764), were investigated along a small lowland watercourse, the Kwacza (N Poland). Effects of stream restoration were assessed on the basis of abundance, biomass, and body length of mayfly larvae as well as their biological condition (i.e. relation of mean body weight and length) within a decade (2007–2017) at each of 10 various hydrotechnical constructions along a 2.5-km stretch of the watercourse. Our results show that hydromorphological changes in the stream bed were strong stress factors for the mayfly population, especially in the first year of monitoring. In the following years, the applied restoration techniques created windows of opportunity for the population of E. danica which were successfully used by this species, as it increased in abundance and body length and colonized the whole restored stretch of the stream. Finally, 10 years after the river bed transformation, mayfly density increased 4-fold, while larval body length and biomass increased about 40-fold, as compared with the pre-restoration period. The improved habitat conditions of E. danica were observed in the sections where stream banks were strengthened with tree trunks, double groynes, and double semi-palisades to protect the banks against erosion. Surprisingly, the highest increase in larval abundance was recorded in a by-pass zone, an isolated part of the stream bed, which played the role of a refuge. Using redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that the mayfly population development after the stream restoration was primarily due to modified water velocities in the transformed sections and changes in water quality (e.g. higher pH, lower concentrations of N-NO3−). We inferred that the modification of the stream bed has contributed to favourable changes in the studied mayfly population, which constitutes an important food base for the fish fauna.

Rescue from Stx2-Producing E.coli-Associated Encephalopathy by Intravenous Injection of Muse Cells in NOD-SCID Mice.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and acute encephalopathies that may lead to sudden death or severe neurologic sequelae. Current treatments, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoadsorption, plasma exchange, steroid pulse therapy, and the monoclonal antibody eculizumab, have limited effects against the severe neurologic sequelae. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are endogenous reparative non-tumorigenic stem cells that naturally reside in the body and are currently under clinical trials for regenerative medicine. When administered intravenously, Musecells accumulate to the damaged tissue, where they exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and immunomodulatory effects, and replace damaged cells by differentiating into tissue-constituent cells. Here, severely immunocompromised non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice orally inoculated with 9 × 109 colony-forming units of STEC O111 and treated 48 h later with intravenous injection of 5 × 104 Muse cells exhibited 100% survival and no severe after-effects of infection. Suppression of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by RNAi abolished the beneficial effects of Muse cells, leading to a 40% death and significant body weight loss, suggesting the involvement of G-CSF in the beneficial effects of Muse cells in STEC-infected mice. Thus, intravenous administration of Muse cells could be a candidate therapeutic approach for preventing fatal encephalopathy after STEC infection.

Mitochondrial respiration after combined action of dehydration and low temperature in pea seedlings

The impact of the individual and combined action of dehydration and low temperature on the respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from epicotyls of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings was investigated. These organelles were isolated immediately after the treatments and after two and three days of recovery. After the treatments, the capacity of the energy-producing cytochrome pathway (CP) of mitochondrial oxidation decreased, while the capacity of the non-phosphorylating alternative respiratory pathway (AP) catalyzed by a CN-resistant oxidase was elevated. After returning the seedlings to normal growing conditions, a gradual recovery of the respiratory activity of mitochondria was observed due to the inactivation of the AP and an elevation of the activity of the CP. The dehydration was a strong stress factor and led to a more significant disturbance of mitochondrial functioning than low temperature, and the complete recovery of the respiratory activity was observed only after the combined action of these stress factors. The post-stress reactivation of malate rather than succinate oxidation required a longer maintenance of seedlings under the control conditions.

ВПЛИВ СТУДЕНТСЬКИХ СІМЕЙНО-ШЛЮБНИХ ВІДНОСИН НА ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИЙ ТА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ДИТИНИ В УМОВАХ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ (НА МАТЕРІАЛАХ МІСТА КИЄВА)

This article deals with the problem of children education and upbringing by young student families in Kyiv city and those parents’ influence on the child’s intellectual and physical development. The students’ family life undergoes dramatical changes when a child is born. Just from this moment the students begin to consider themselves as a full-fledged family, and their relationship reach a new level. In turn, the child needs for a proper comprehensive education, so young parents shall quickly adapt to their new role. After the spouses’ baby birth, the focus embracing education object already switches from them as persons onto their first-born child. As a rule, even before their baby birth, the expectant mother and father begin to prepare themselves to that newcomer in the family: they ask for advice from relatives and friends, get consultations with specialists, read the special sources on child care and upbringing. However, the child’s birth especially when it comes to a young students’ family, often entails numerous problems and becomes a strong stress factor for parents. However, this stress factor is completely offset by such positive moments as the parents’ health improvement during their child upbringing. Another positive factor refers to not very significant difference in age between parents and their children, that in turn allows render much easier their communication and mutual understanding. As everyone knows, from the earliest times, every nation appreciated as true value the human’s intellect, intelligence and education. Just due to intellectual and physical abilities progress our ancestors became able to create our history and the world today we do live in. Each mankind history époque valued various knowledge, skills and abilities of a person. However, with new challenges constantly dependent on changes in society and social development, the humanit gained ever new knowledge, gradually pushing out the obsolete ones. And concurrently the principles of raising children also changed. The basic directions of forming the child’s future personality are mental development, physical and religious education. These three upbringing factors quality imply what kind of person the child will be in the future. Namely the individual’s cognitive activity, education in various science fields, physical strength and power are forms today a conscious citizen who will develop the country in the future. A more complete world perception as formed in the person also is influenced by the spiritual life aspect. Accordingly, that aspect of education also plays an integral role in the life of both individual national and the state as a whole, since moral principles and ethical norms form the human mental activity which in turn influences the person’s environment. Consequently, along many centuries, education was a major aspect in human personality forming still constant changes in society and social development generated a new need, this one for civic consciousness formation. The parents play the main role in all educational process types. Therefore, now, as the new personality main creators, they must not only remain educators of a high moral creative individual, but also form a conscious national of his motherland. Despite the lack of prior paternity experience, young student parents should make every possible effort to educate the child in the context of creating a strong personality, which will be a moral example in the society. On the other hand, the topic of children education at young student families within the Kyiv city boundaries is not covered by the humanities sciences. Therefore, to get this problem’s more detailed study we turned to the use of ethnological research practical methods: sample survey, included observation, questionnaires and respondents interviewing. However, switching to more specific figures and data, the vast majority of student couples (90,7%) tend to that both the father and mother should pay equal attention to their child upbringing. Similarly, young student families achieve unanimity on specific issues considering the child intellectual and physical development. Thus, 78,7% respondents believe that the child intellectual development should be both father’s and mother’s responsibility, and 58,7% believe that both spouses should also be responsible for the child’s physical development. Student families also agreed that the atmosphere in the family also produces a direct impact on the child development. This opinion was supported by 97,3% of respondents. Although the respondents could not agree on which cultural level of parents shall be convenient and satisfying for the child’s proper mental progress. Thus, 40% believe that enough shall be to visit cultural centers, 29,3% think that desirable will be to have a home library, and 21,7% consider necessary reading the special pedagogical literature. According to this survey results, we see that in children education, modern student families are, for the most part, adherent to those traditional norms, that formed on centuries-old representations of Ukrainian nation during the traditional society period.

The Influence of Exams Stress on Brux Activity in Russian Dental Students

The study assessed stress and brux activity among dental students during exam (stress) and non-examination (non-stress) periods. The study was initiated as a single group design with the total number of participants 36 (25 females and 11 males). All the participants were examined twice (once in a stress period and once in a non-stress period) according to “Clinical Functional Analysis”, which includes questions about students’ medical and dental history, as well as muscle palpation results. Two «BruxCheckers» (BCs) were applied, one for the upper jaw, the other for the lower jaw, two times for examination and non-examination periods. After the use, the «BCs» were photographed according to the research protocol and the abraded facets area on «BCs» was calculated in square millimeters. The research showed that during a stress period students may have headaches, cramps and pain in shoulder and neck muscles. The research also revealed that during the stress situation the abraded area shifts from frontal teeth to chewing teeth and brux episodes can occur more frequently and with a higher load. Chewing teeth (premolars in our study) are more adapted and more useful for such a condition. Accordingly, our students shifted their brux behavior from teeth 33 and 31 to teeth 15 and 24. Therefore, exams are a strong stress factor for dental students. In turn, prolongated stress can be an indicator of risk factor and have a negative effect for health of the craniomandibular system.

Adolescents Who Self-Harm: The Patterns in Their Interpersonal and Psychosocial Difficulties.

We proposed that having mutually hostile interactions with others is a strong environmental stress factor that, together with diverse psychosocial problems, characterizes adolescents who self-harm. Using cluster analysis, this study examined the naturally occurring patterns of hostility conditions and psychosocial difficulties in a normative sample of 2,029 adolescents (50% boys; Mage =13.89). Results showed that self-harming behavior was significantly higher among the subgroup of adolescents with mutually hostile interactions who exhibited both internalizing and externalizing problems than among adolescents with other interpersonal-psychosocial configurations. Also, this subgroup of adolescents reported high impulsivity, anger dysregulation, and low self-esteem. These findings support recent research that indicates that adolescents who self-harm also tend to expose others to hostility and display externalizing symptoms.

Incidence of primary school age children with post-trumatic stress disorder

Presents the results of evaluations of morbidity 123 primary school children suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), caused by the military actions in the Donbass region. By us the data analysis was conducted patient cards (f. 112/u) and medical statements (f. 027/u) children study groups, over the period of appealability throughout the year. Revealed an increase the incidence of somatic pathologies in children survived the military events that were recorded in 2.5 times more likely than in the comparison group (children who have not experienced combat operations). The first place in the structure meets pathology occupied somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, recorded in 100% of children, who experience the stress of combat operations. Second place among children 7-9 years with PTSD, occupied acute respiratory diseases, with a prevalence frequencies of of developing complications after them 2.1 times, which was interpreted as lowering infectious resistance of the organism under the influence of strong stress factor. By the multiplicity of handling of children to the doctor by us highlighted a group of frequently ill children. Is noted that the the number of younger schoolboys for a long time and frequently ill in the main group predominated вy 2.3 times. Among children 7-9 years with PTSD was not a single child who during the school year never would not been sick. Additional psychoemotional load on the body caused by adaptation to school loadings can exacerbate the health conditions and increase the incidence rates of primary school children.

EEA1-carrying vesicles are not autophagosomes in serum-deprived HeLa cells

According to current model, stimulation of EGF-receptor endocytosis results in recruitment onto early endosomes cytosolic tether protein EEA1 necessary for their further fusions. However, EEA1-positive vesicles are found in the cells not treated with growth factor, that were incubated in serum-free conditions. It is known also that prolonged serum deprivation induces autophagosomes formation, the process possibly involving endocytic compartments. To check whether EEA1-positive vesicles seen in serum-deprived HeLa cells are autophagosomes, we here evaluated colocalization of EEA1 and autophagosome marker LC3 and studied dynamics of the EEA1- and LC3-vesicles’ number and size during 12—36 h cell cultivation in serum-free medium. It was found that the number of autophagosomes per cell is significantly less than the number of EEA1-vesicles. We show that serum starvation results in increase of only mean autophagosomes’ size, while the number and size of EEA1-vesicles did not changed. Colocalization of EEA1 and LC3 in serum-free cells was very low during first 12—18 h of starvation and increased insignificantly only by 36 h. Biosynthetic pathway inhibition by Golgi apparatus disruption by brefeldin A, decreased the number and increased the size of EEA1-vesicles. LC3-vesicles also demonstrated an increase of mean size and growth of colocalization with EEA1. Thus, we conclude that the majority of EEA1-vesicles in serum-starved cells are not autophagosomes. More pronounced effect of brefeldin A indicates that blockade of biosynthetic pathway is more strong stress factor comparing to serum deprivation in HeLa cells. This also suggests that this pathway is involved in EEA1-vesicles biogenesis.

Biomarkers to evaluate the effects of temperature and methanol on recombinant Pichia pastoris.

Pichia pastoris is methylotrophic yeast used as an efficient expression system for heterologous protein production. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature (10 and 30 °C) and methanol (1 and 3% (v/v)) on genetically-modified Pichia pastoris, different biomarkers were evaluated: Heat stress (HSF-1 and Hsp70), oxidative stress (OGG1 and TBARS) and antioxidant (GLR). Three yeast cultures were performed: 3X = 3% methanol-10 °C, 4X = 3% methanol-30 °C, and 5X = 1% methanol-10°C. The expression level of HIF-1α, HSF-1, HSP-70 and HSP-90 biomarkers were measured by Western blot and in situ detection was performed by immunocytochemistry. Ours results show that at 3% methanol -30 °C there is an increase of mitochondrial OGG1 (mtOGG1), Glutathione Reductase (GLR) and TBARS. In addition, there was a cytosolic expression of HSF-1 and HSP-70, which indicates a deprotection against nucleolar fragmentation (apoptosis). On the other hand, at 3% methanol -10 °C and 1% and at methanol -10 °C conditions there was nuclear expression of OGG1, lower levels of TBARS and lower expression of GLR, cytosolic expression of HSF-1 and nuclear expression HSP-70. In conclusion, our results suggest that 3% methanol-30 °C is a condition that induces a strong oxidative stress and risk factors of apoptosis in modified-genetically P. pastoris.

PROBABILISTIC PREDICTING IN SPEECH IN DISTRESS AND AT THE NEUROTIC DISORDERS

The present article provides the results obtained i n course of the empirical investigation on the prob abilistic predicting in the speech activity. The aim of the r esearch was to show the nature of interrelation bet ween the predicting abilities in the speech activity and sev erity of distress at the neurotic disorders. In cou rse of the research the following hypotheses were developed: ( 1) Predicting abilities in the speech activity corr elate to the severity of distress at the neurotic disorders; (2) degree of speech predicting disruption depends upon the neurotic disorder’s severity. The results of the re search have allowed to specify that the human body’s emotional and physiological tension in response to strong and long-lasting stress factor is accompanie d by impairment in predicting abilities in the speech ac tivity. The disruption of the probabilistic predict ing in the patients suffering from neurotic disorders complica tes anticipation of the forthcoming speech situatio n and causes the disruption in predicting of the speech m essage’s essence. It has been established that the neurotic disorders are followed by the disruption in the spe ech activity. However, the degree of disruptions de pends not only upon the distress severity, but also the p sychopathological symptoms’ manifestation rate and disorder’s intensity. The experience of negative st ress consequences curtails the predicting abilities in the speech activity both for the mentally healthy ones and suffering from neuroses, though, not equally: The disruptions in verbal predicting are more suffi cient at the neurotic disorders. The actualization peculiarities of the ideolexicon’s probabilistic st ructure are greatly changed under the influence of the morbid process development. The patients with comparatively non-profound neurotic disorders are able to perform predicting in the speech activity, where as the predicting incompetence is stated concerning the speech activity at the intensification of the disor der’s clinical evidences. It was concluded that the disruption of predicting the semantic relations in the verbal message in the persons suffering from th e greatly intensive distress causes anxiety in course of communication together with avoiding of psychotraumatic speech situations and that, in its turn, creates obstacles in communication and shapes readi ness for neurotic interpretation of the reality.

Spatial variation in photosynthetic recovery of intertidal turf algae from acute UVB and temperature stress associated with low tides along the central coast of Chile

Ecological consequences of punctuated, extreme climate events depend largely upon species' physiological capacity to tolerate and recover from such stressful events. However, physiological responses of intertidal organisms to repetitive exposure to severe conditions using natural patterns are rarely explored, and we know little about how physiological sensitivity within a species varies over local scales or among natural populations, making it difficult to extrapolate results to the naturally variable environmental conditions encountered in the field. Here, we simulate realistic scenarios of the exposure of the turf-forming alga (Gelidium chilense) to atmospheric stressors (UVB and temperature) associated with natural mild or harsh weather conditions that occur when summertime midday low tides coincide with unusually calm seas and particularly warm, sunny days along the central Chilean coast. We show that sudden, short-term exposure to artificial UVB radiation during daytime low tides represents a strong stress factor for Gelidium turf algae as measured by the changes in maximal photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and repetitive exposure over a period of 5d, as it occurs naturally during spring–summer days, can critically compromise the ability of the fronds to recover once the stressor is removed. In contrast, while increased aerial temperature had important effects on the photosynthetic system, this source of stress had no lasting effects on the fronds' capacity to recover, nor did it modify the UVB effects on photosynthesis (i.e. no synergistic effects between these common stressors). The ability of Gelidium turf to recover from UVB-induced damage to the photosynthetic apparatus differed between tidal heights and among populations from different sites along the central coast. These results suggest that for many shore communities, abrupt, unpredictable short-term stress events will have greater consequences lower on the shore. We found no evidence that greater upwelling intensity and associated nutrient enrichment of coastal waters could consistently ameliorate recovery from the negative effects of UVB. The complex spatial variation in the turf's ability to recover rapidly from a stress event may alter predictions regarding the effects of extreme climate events and/or climate change on species interactions and species' geographic distribution.

Растительность севера Дальнего Востока России в картографических моделях

Distribution, configuration of vegetation zones and distribution of altitudinal belts on the North of the Russian Far East are characterized by their peculiarities caused by marginal position of the region on Eurasian continent, surrounding seas influence, altitude of the place. Areas types of vegetation complexes are established on the base of cartometric analysis of data-base of digital geobotanic large-scale map. The main regularities of differentiation of vegetation cover are revealed that are confirmed earlier known data. Types of arctic vegetation complexes are distributed through the whole territory of the region. Correlation between boreal and arctic vegetation complexes are characterized by zonal peculiarities. North-east boundary of boreal vegetation types is the important botanic-geographic frontier. To the south of this frontier wide zone of ecotone is noticed. In this zone forest vegetation types and tundra vegetation existed side by side on the placors habitats. The most distributed types are mountain vegetation type complexes with dominance of stone deserts, tundra siberian dwarf-pine. Vertical differentiation of mountain vegetation territories (taking in account zonalty) is reflected in subsequent change altitudinal belts where vegetation types complexes with dominance lichens mountain stone deserts, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), mountain open forests and larch (Larix cajanderi) and birch (Betula ermanii) forests are represented. Degree of revealing of vertical belts depends not only zonal conditions but also the altitude of the place above sea level, landscape peculiarities. Therefore separate belts, for example, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine can be represented fragmentally. The stripe of ecotone usually can be noticed between alpine and subalpine belts. Vertical vegetation belts are evidently connected with horizontal zones of vegetation cover. In tundra zone 2 altitudinal belts can be noticed – alpine that is represented by lichens stone deserts, and subalpine that is formed mostly by mountain tundra. Mountain siberian dwarf-pine play big role in forest zone in formation of subalpine belt altogether with mountain tundra. Lower on the slopes prostrate shrubs are changed by forest belt (subzone of Larch open forests and forests, subzone of birch open forests and forests) or exist side by side with zonal prostrate shrubs and subarctic tundra (subzone of prostrate shrubs). Zonal vegetation complexes types (inhabit on placors and close to them habitats – plain low watershed areas, not steep mountain slopes, valleys between mountains, terraces near sea shore) are represented by arctic and subarctic tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), open forests and Larch (Larix cajanderi) and Birch (Betula ermanii) forests. Mires are dominated among zonal-interzonal vegetation type complexes. Valley forests, shrubs, tundra are distributed quite widely. Transitional structures, for example tundra-bogs are referred to this group of vegetation complexes. Vegetation that is transformed by strong stress factors (mostly natural and anthropogenic) is represented communities of plants formed under influence birds colonies, reindeer grazing, fire places, after technogenic disturbance as well as agricultural phytocoenosis.