Strong Source Research Articles

The radiative torque spin-up efficiency of ballistic dust-grain aggregates

It is quintessential for the analysis of the observed dust polarization signal to understand the rotational dynamics of interstellar dust grains. Additionally, high rotation velocities may rotationally disrupt the grains, which impacts the grain-size distribution. We aim to constrain the set of parameters for an accurate description of the rotational spin-up process of ballistic dust grain aggregates driven by radiative torques (RATs). We modeled the dust grains as complex fractal aggregates grown by the ballistic aggregation of uniform spherical particles (monomers) of different sizes. A broad variation of dust materials, shapes, and sizes were studied in the presence of different radiation sources. We find that the canonical parameterization for the torque efficiency overestimates the maximum angular velocity $ RAT $ caused by RATs acting on ballistic grain aggregates. To resolve this problem, we propose a new parameterization that predicts $ RAT $ more accurately. We find that RATs are most efficient for larger grains with a lower monomer density. This manifests itself as a size- and monomer-density dependence in the constant part of the parameterization. Following the constant part, the parameterization has two power laws with different slopes that retain universality for all grain sizes. The maximum grain rotation does not scale linearly with radiation strength because different drag mechanisms dominate, depending on the grain material and environment. The angular velocity $ RAT $ of individual single dust grains has a wide distribution and may even differ from the mean by up to two orders of magnitude. Even though ballistic aggregates have a lower RAT efficiency, strong sources of radiation (stronger than $ 100$ times the typical interstellar radiation field) may still produce rotation velocities high enough to cause the rotational disruption of dust grains.

FULL-SPECTRUM PHOTOGRAPHY IN CADAVERIC SURGICAL NEUROANATOMY: ANATOMICAL NUANCES BEYOND THE NAKED EYE

IR light sources can be natural, like sunlight, or artificial, such as modified electronic flashes. Shutter speeds are not relevant when capturing IR images with a modified camera, allowing for a flexible use of IR light sources. IR captures are also possible with non-modified cameras when using a constant strong light source (i.e., sun, multiple light boxes) and long exposures (i.e., >10 seconds).

Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Repurchase Intention Melalui eWOM pada Produk The Originote di Indonesia

Public awareness of skincare is increasing as evidenced by the income from beauty and care products in Indonesia which reached IDR 111.83 trillion. As a skincare brand, The Originote has been able to outperform its competitors through Social media marketing. Social media is a platform for distribution and communication of information between brands and consumers. The role of eWOM in this context is as a strong source of information to find out information from consumers by providing product reviews, recommending or simply sharing experiences. With the Social media marketing and eWOM that have been carried out, it is hoped that it can help the company in growing Repurchase Intention for The Originote products. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Social media marketing on Repurchase Intention through eWOM. The research method used is a descriptive and quantitative approach. Data collection was through distributing questionnaires and sampling using the probability sampling method in the form of simple random sampling. The sample used in this research was 385 respondents. This research uses SmartPLS version 3 software to process the data. The results of this research found that Social media marketing influences Repurchase Intention, Social media marketing influences Electronic Word of Mouth, Electronic Word of Mouth influences Repurchase Intention and Social media marketing which is mediated by Electronic Word of Mouth influences Repurchase Intention.

Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of adaptive spatial processing algorithms in searching for low-noise underwater vehicles in surface shipping conditions of different density

The article describes the methodology and provides the results of a model quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of solving the problem of detecting and tracking a low-noise underwater object using three algorithms for spatial signal processing at the output of a multi-element antenna — the non-adaptive Bartlett algorithm, the Capon algorithm, and the Capon algorithm combined with a projection procedure limiting the signal power of strong local sources.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Complex Emission Dynamics in Port Areas Using High-Density Air Sensor Network.

Cargo terminals, as pivotal hubs of mechanical activities, maritime shipping, and land transportation, are significant sources of air pollutants, exhibiting considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity due to the complex and irregular nature of emissions. This study employed a high-density air sensor network with 17 sites across four functional zones in two Shanghai cargo terminals to monitor NO and NO2 concentrations with high spatiotemporal resolution post sensor data validation against regulatory monitoring stations. Notably, NO and NO2 concentrations within the terminal surged during the night, peaking at 06:00 h, likely due to local regulations on heavy-duty diesel trucks. Spatial analysis revealed the highest NO concentrations in the core operational areas and adjacent roads, with significantly lower levels in the outer ring, indicating strong emission sources and limited dispersion. Employing the lowest percentile method for baseline extraction from high-resolution data, this study identified local emissions as the primary source of NO, constituting over 80% of total emissions. Elevated background concentrations of NO2 suggested a gradual oxidation of NO into NO2, with local emissions contributing to 32-70% of the total NO2 concentration. These findings provide valuable insights into the NO and NO2 emission characteristics across different terminal areas, aiding decision-makers in developing targeted emission control policies.

A mild and chemoselective photoredox-catalyzed reduction of aromatic ketones

A mild, chemoselective reduction of aromatic ketones was discovered and investigated. The combination of photoredox and Lewis acid catalysis with an organic hydrogen source reduced aromatic ketones in good to high yield. Optimization found 2-phenylbenzothiazoline to be a sufficiently strong source of hydrogen in combination with an iridium photosensitizer and lanthanum triflate. Effective photomediated reduction of some substrates was also observed in the absence of photocatalyst and Lewis acid or with photocatalyst only. While yields were typically higher under catalytic conditions, some acid-sensitive substrates were more effectively reduced in the absence of Lewis acid. The reaction was generally high yielding, and chemoselective, while tolerant of complex and functionally rich molecules.

Importance of aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles in global spatial variation in the relationship between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth

Abstract. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the leading global environmental determinant of mortality. However, large gaps exist in ground-based PM2.5 monitoring. Satellite remote sensing of aerosol optical depth (AOD) offers information to help fill these gaps worldwide when augmented with a modeled PM2.5–AOD relationship. This study aims to understand the spatial pattern and driving factors of this relationship by examining η (PM2.5AOD) using both observations and modeling. A global observational estimate of η for the year 2019 is inferred from 6870 ground-based PM2.5 measurement sites and satellite-retrieved AOD. The global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, in its high-performance configuration (GCHP), is used to interpret the observed spatial pattern of annual mean η. Measurements and the GCHP simulation consistently identify a global population-weighted mean η value of 96–98 µg m−3, with regional values ranging from 59.8 µg m−3 in North America to more than 190 µg m−3 in Africa. The highest η value is found in arid regions, where aerosols are less hygroscopic due to mineral dust, followed by regions strongly influenced by surface aerosol sources. Relatively low η values are found over regions distant from strong aerosol sources. The spatial correlation of observed η values with meteorological fields, aerosol vertical profiles, and aerosol chemical composition reveals that spatial variation in η is strongly influenced by aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles. Sensitivity tests with globally uniform parameters quantify the effects of aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles on spatial variability in η, exhibiting a population-weighted mean difference in aerosol composition of 12.3 µg m−3, which reflects the determinant effects of composition on aerosol hygroscopicity and aerosol optical properties, and a population-weighted mean difference in the aerosol vertical profile of 8.4 µg m−3, which reflects spatial variation in the column–surface relationship.

Estimation of nighttime PM2.5 concentrations over Seoul using Suomi NPP/VIIRS Day/Night Band

With rapid economic development and urban growth, Seoul experiences severe air pollution due to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), which is detrimental to human health. Although recent studies have extensively focused on estimating daytime PM2.5 concentrations using various types of satellite data, there remains a significant lack of research on nighttime PM2.5 estimations. This study estimated nighttime PM2.5 in Seoul from December 2018 to November 2019 using multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) models. These models, which incorporated data on radiance, moon illumination fraction, and terrain height from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite covering all moon phases, also utilized meteorological data from the ERA5 reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To address multicollinearity, seasonal models were developed using forward stepwise regression and variance inflation factor analysis. DNB radiance analysis indicates that the high intensity of artificial light sources in Seoul significantly reduces the impact of moonlight, leading to notable changes in the DNB radiation associated with PM2.5 concentrations. Consequently, this study estimated nighttime PM2.5 over Seoul across all moon phases. These estimates were then validated through 10-fold cross-validation. The RF model exhibited superior accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.65–0.90, compared to MLR, with R2 of 0.15–0.50, reflecting seasonal fluctuations in the model performance. The developed models can be applied to estimate reliable nighttime PM2.5 concentrations in megacities with strong artificial light sources, utilizing a comprehensive dataset from satellite observations for all moon phases. Additionally, our findings can serve as scientific data for establishing environmental policies by providing valuable insights into understanding air pollution primarily caused by PM2.5.

Hydrothermal dynamics of darcy Forchheimer ternary hybrid nanofluid flow past bended surface with active—passive controls

This dynamic study investigates hydrothermal and rheological properties of two-dimensional ternary nanofluid flow by using active passive control mechanisms on nanoparticles navigating a porous curved surface. The working fluid contains nanometer sized spherical shaped particles of three different metals [Formula: see text], which are homogenously and stably dispersed in liquid dihydrogen monoxide as host fluid. A strong magnetic force of strength [Formula: see text] acts along radial direction of curved surface. Thermal radiation term in heat equation suggests a strong heat source in the vicinity. This unique amalgamation, which has not been addressed so far by any researcher incorporates Brownian motion and thermophoresis to construct the hydrothermal framework. The passive control of nanoparticles on surface influenced by Brownian movement and thermophoresis, which is considered more realistic in comparison to constant concentration hypothesis (active control), have been taken into account. The nanoliquid flow is governed by system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that cater thermophysical properties of nanoparticles. After simplifying the system to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using suitable transform, it is solved numerically using bvp4c in MATLAB 2023a. The obtained graphical and numerical results are discussed in detail to explain physics of observed thermo-rheological behaviour and mass diffusivity. The study reveals that curvature and porosity factors have opposite effects on velocity profile. All involved parameters augment temperature profile for both active and passive controls except curvature factors. In all the cases, active control assures higher temperature over passive control. Dual consequences have been noted for active and passive controls for concentration panels in most cases. Nusselt number is found increasing for increasing nanoparticles concentration with ternary nanofluid having maximum heat transfer rate. This study significantly contributes to the knowledge of ternary nanofluidic thermo-rheological analysis on curved stretching surface having numerous applications in mechanical, thermal and industrial domains. It also offers insights for developing advanced coatings and materials in industrial and engineering context.

A new measurement of the Galactic 12C/13C gradient from sensitive HCO+ absorption observations

We present a new constraint on the Galactic 12C/13C gradient with sensitive HCO+ absorption observations against strong continuum sources. The new measurements suffer less from beam dilution, optical depths, and chemical fractionation, allowing us to derive the isotopic ratios precisely. The measured 12C/13C ratio in the solar neighborhood (66±5) is consistent with those obtained from CH+. Two measurements toward the GC are 42.2±1.7 and 37.5±6.5. Though the values are a factor of two to three higher than those derived from dense gas tracers (e.g., H2CO, complex organic molecules) toward Sagittarius (Sgr) B2 regions, our results are consistent with the absorption measurements from c-C3H2 toward Sgr B2 (~40) and those from CH+ toward Sgr A* and Sgr B2(N) (>30). We have calculated a new Galactic 12C/13C gradient of (6.4±1.9)RGC/kpc+(25.9±10.5) and found an increasing trend of the 12C/13C gradient obtained from high-density to low-density gas tracers, suggesting that opacity effects and chemical fractionation may have a strong impact on the isotopic ratios observed in high-density regions.

Table-top laser-based terahertz high harmonic generation spectroscopy under magnetic fields and low temperatures.

We have developed a terahertz (THz) nonlinear spectrometer at low temperatures (1.5-300K) and under high magnetic fields (up to 10T) by combining the laser-driven table-top intense THz source with a superconducting magnet. The strong-field THz pump pulse was generated from LiNbO3 crystal using the tilted-pulse-front technique and tightly focused into the center of the magnet by an off-axis parabolic mirror and a THz lens. The electric fields at the focus can achieve 500kV/cm with a monocycle waveform and 30kV/cm with a multicycle waveform at 0.5THz. The sample was mounted on a low-temperature motorized rotation stage, which enables performing the polarization dependent measurements of the third harmonic generation (THG) intensity without rotating the incident THz pulses. The magnetic field direction can be rotated using a mechanical rotator, allowing for a convenient switch between Faraday and Voigt geometry. We demonstrate the excellent performance of our instrument by conducting THG measurements in the two-band superconductor MgB2 as a function of temperature, sample azimuth angle, as well as in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. The successful combination of the strong field THz source with magnetic fields enables us to study a variety of materials with magnetic-field-dependent properties of interest.

Computational aeroacoustics of low-pressure axial fans installed in parallel

Abstract Ducted rotor-only Low-Pressure Axial (LPA) fans play an integral role in automotive thermal management of electric vehicles and are the primary source of noise from the underhood region. Multiple LPA fans are often placed in parallel in cooling packages of electric vehicles. There is little scientific work concerning aeroacoustics of ducted LPA fans operating in parallel. This work aims to address this gap through hybrid computational aeroacoustic simulations. Three-dimensional, full-annulus, transient simulations are done using the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) turbulence model. First, a numerical validation study is presented, where aerodynamic and aeroacoustic results from this work are compared to experimental results for a LPA fan issued by the European Acoustics Association (EAA). In the second part, aeroacoustic performance of two-fans placed in parallel is presented. A local diffusion zone is observed in the region where the two-fans are closest to one another. A previously unidentified vortex which envelopes the local diffusion zone is observed. For two-fans in parallel, the amplification of the acoustic spectrum scales in accordance to having two identical equally strong sound sources, i.e, by 6 dB. The scaling of the acoustic spectrum for two-fans in parallel in comparison to a single-fan suggests limited interaction between the acoustic field of the two-fans.

Blow up in a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping and variable sources

Blow up in a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping and variable sources

Rapid Response Mode observations of GRB 160203A: Looking for fine-structure line variability at z = 3.52

Context. Gamma-ray bursts are the most energetic known explosions. Although they fade rapidly, they give us the opportunity to measure redshift and important properties of their host galaxies. We report the photometric and spectroscopic study of the Swift GRB 160203A at z = 3.518, and its host galaxy. Fine-structure absorption lines, detected in the afterglow at different epochs, allow us to investigate variability due to the strong fading background source. Aims. We obtained two optical to near-infrared spectra of the GRB afterglow with X-shooter on ESO/VLT, 18 minutes and 5.7 hours after the burst, allowing us to investigate temporal changes of fine-structure absorption lines. Methods. We measured H I column density log N(HI/cm–2) = 21.75 ± 0.10, and several heavy-element ions along the GRB sightline in the host galaxy, among which Si II, Al II, Al III, C II, Ni II, Si IV, C IV, Zn II and Fe II, and Fe II∗ and Si II∗ fine-structure transitions from energetic levels excited by the afterglow, at the common redshift z = 3.518. We measured [M/H]TOT = –0.78 ± 0.13 and a [Zn/Fe]FIT = 0.69 ± 0.15, representing the total (dust corrected) metallicity and dust depletion, respectively. We detected additional intervening systems along the line of sight at ɀ = 1.03, ɀ = 1.26, ɀ = 1.98, ɀ = 1.99, ɀ = 2.20, and ɀ = 2.83. We could not measure significant variability in the strength of the fine-structure lines throughout all the observations and determined an upper limit for the GRB distance from the absorber of d < 300 pc, adopting the canonical UV pumping scenario. However, we note that the quality of our data is not sufficient to conclusively rule out collisions as an alternative mechanism. Results. GRB 160203A belongs to a growing sample of GRBs with medium resolution spectroscopy, provided by the Swift/X-shooter legacy programme, which enables a detailed investigation of the interstellar medium in high-redshift GRB host galaxies. In particular, this host galaxy shows relatively high metal enrichment and dust depletion already in place when the universe was only 1.8 Gyr old.

Mining, farming, and diplomacy. Understanding the human landscape of Bronze Age Sardinia (Italy) through geospatial analysis

Human agency on landscape modification and land use is often seen in terms of socio-economic opportunities vs. natural constraints. In the study of prehistoric cultures this is both a strong source of information about sustenance strategies and community behaviours, and a subject potentially easy to analyse within a limited set of physical and social parameters. The recent advancements in the use of spatial analysis tools in landscape archaeology allow to obtain ever more precise models. However, studies that compare at the same time the geological landscape and social elements are very scarce. We used Point Pattern Analysis and Modelling to investigate megalithic structures (nuraghes) in Bronze Age southwestern Sardinia (Italy) and identify correlations between their spatial patterns and a set of covariates encompassing both environmental (i.e. topography and geological resources) and cultural factors. The models which best represent pattern distribution come from the combination of covariates from both groups.The models highlight a close distance from known ore deposits and show a clear dependence of Nuragic populations to ore extraction and metallurgy. The availability of fertile soils with moderate permeability and moderately low pH is also significant, as well as a preference to prominent locations with a positive correlation with the Topographic Position Index and the Convexity Index. From a cultural standpoint, we observed a consistent aggregation of simple nuraghes around complex nuraghes at mid-short distances. The occurrence of polycentric patterns can be explained either by the former emerging from the presence of the latter or vice versa, and is typically associated with a loosely stratified social structure devoid of strong hierarchies. These results underscore the efficacy of spatial analysis in disentangling and juxtaposing the physical and social factors influencing the distribution of past culture, and offer new insight on the development of Bronze Age societies in their geographical context.

Genuine non-Gaussian entanglement of light and quantum coherence for an atom from noisy multiphoton spin-boson interactions

Harnessing entanglement and quantum coherence plays a central role in advancing quantum technologies. In quantum optical light-atom platforms, these two fundamental resources are often associated with a Jaynes-Cummings model description describing the coherent exchange of a photon between an optical resonator mode and a two-level spin. In a generic nonlinear spin-boson system, more photons and more modes will take part in the interactions. Here we consider such a generalization: the two-mode multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings (MPJC) model. We demonstrate how entanglement and quantum coherence can be optimally generated and subsequently manipulated in experimentally accessible parameter regimes. A detailed comparative analysis of this model reveals that nonlinearities within the MPJC interactions produce genuinely non-Gaussian entanglement, devoid of Gaussian contributions, from noisy resources. More specifically, strong coherent sources may be replaced by weaker, incoherent ones, significantly reducing the resource overhead, though at the expense of reduced efficiency. At the same time, increasing the multiphoton order of the MPJC interactions expedites the entanglement generation process, thus rendering the whole generation scheme again more efficient and robust. We further explore the use of additional dispersive spin-boson interactions and Kerr nonlinearities in order to create spin coherence solely from incoherent sources and to enhance the quantum correlations, respectively. As for the latter, somewhat unexpectedly, there is not necessarily an increase in quantum correlations due to the augmented nonlinearity. Towards possible applications of the MPJC model, we show how, with appropriately chosen experimental parameters, we can engineer arbitrary NOON states as well as the tripartite W state. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Characteristics of Water-soluble Ion Pollution in PM2.5 and the Causes of High Acidity of PM2.5 in Dalian

To gain a deeper understanding of the pollution status and influencing factors of fine particles （PM2.5） and their water-soluble ions （WSI） in Dalian and to implement precise control of pollution events such as haze and acid rain, PM2.5 samples were collected in Dalian from June 2021 to May 2022. Then, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and WSI were determined using the weight method and ion chromatography, respectively, and the pollution characteristics and sources were analyzed. Furthermore, the causes of the high acidity of PM2.5 in spring were discussed. The results showed that the annual average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and WSI in Dalian during the sampling period were （33.24 ±28.87） μg·m-3 and （18.66 ±20.52） μg·m-3, respectively, and the secondary ions （SNA, including SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+） accounted for the highest proportion of WSI [（86.2 ±9.3）%]. The order of ion concentration levels from highest to lowest was： NO3->SO42->NH4+>Cl->K+>Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>F-. Due to the influence of meteorological conditions and coal combustion emissions during the concentrated heating period from late autumn to early spring, the seasonal variation in PM2.5 and WSI was winter>spring>autumn>summer, whereas SNA was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer. The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that WSI in PM2.5 was mainly from the secondary transformation of atmospheric SO2 and NO2 （contributing to the majority of SNA）, mixed sources of combustion and dust （characterized by K+, Mg2+, Cl-, and F-）, and sources of sand and sea salt （characterized by Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+）. In summer, the main combustion source was biomass burning, whereas in autumn, winter, and spring, coal combustion emissions were predominant. The change in wind direction from autumn to winter brought by a shift from the source of sea salt to soil dust； additionally, the external pollution transported by northwest winds contributed to the complexity of the sources of WSI in PM2.5 during spring in Dalian. ISORROPIA-II model simulations suggested NH4NO3 as the most present solid aerosol form in PM2.5 in Dalian, followed by CaSO4 and （NH4）2SO4； compared to that in solid aerosols, more SNA existed in liquid aerosols. The annual average pH of PM2.5 in Dalian was 5.65 ±3.00, with pH values close to neutral in summer, autumn, and winter but significantly acidic in spring （2.03 ±3.18）. The high acidity observed in spring was attributed to the combination of low temperature, high humidity, and high SNA concentrations. These conditions resulted in higher aerosol water content and increased gas-to-particle conversion rates, ultimately leading to an ammonia-deficient environment. The backward trajectory and PSCF results indicated that the external transport of high acidity PM2.5 in spring mainly came from the northwest （45.0%） and southwest （40.8%） directions. Mobile source emissions made the most significant contribution to the transportation of pollutants in the former, forming high-pollution source areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, which may have been mainly related to urban motor vehicle and port vessel emissions； the latter was influenced by relatively strong stationary sources and showed higher SO2 emissions in the southern part of Henan Province and the central part of Jiangsu Province.

A planar mounted SQUID full-tensor module for magnetoenterogram denoising detection

Magntoenterogram (MENG) is a functional imaging method with great clinical potential for non-invasive diagnosis of intestinal diseases. In measurements of MENG, the cardiac artifacts are a strong biological source of interference. Based on wire-wound SQUID gradiometers, we constructed a planar mounted full-tensor compensation module for MENG system, which can obtain cardiac artifacts while suppressing ambient noise, so as to denoise MENG signals without increasing external ECG recording channels. The cardiac artifacts are regressed out from the full-tensor compensation module outputs, which can denoise the MENG measurements. Using this module, the SNR is about 70 dB better than the raw data. At last, 36-point array MENG signals were detected successfully and the contour map of jejunal slow-wave frequency (SWF) was consistent with the jejunal area (one part of the small intestine). This method will save costs and avoid the new electromagnetic interferences introduced by ECG equipment. It will lay a good foundation for the rapid clinical application of the MENG system.

Nutritional Value, Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Properties of Mysore Fig (Ficus drupacea Thunb.) Fruits.

Ficus drupacea is a fruit-bearing tree that is distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia. The objective of this research was to ascertain the following with regard to ripened fruits: (i) their nutritional value, (ii) their mineral status, (iii) the fatty acid composition of fruit and seed oil, (iv) their phytochemical makeup, and (v) their antioxidant properties. The ripened fruits contained 3.21%, 3.25%, 0.92%, 1.47%, and 2.20% carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and fiber, respectively. Fruits had an energy content of 30.18 kcal/100 g. In terms of mineral content, the fruit was rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium, and nitrogen, with values of 21.03, 13.24, 11.07, and 4.13 mg/g DW. Iron, zinc, manganese, and boron had values of 686.67, 124.33, 114.40, and 35.78 µg/g DW, respectively. The contents of oxalate and phytate were 14.44 and 2.8 mg/g FW, respectively. The fruit and seed oil content were 0.67 and 8.07%, respectively, and the oil's physicochemical properties were comparable to those of fig fruit and seed oils. Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid), omega-6 (linoleic acid), and omega-9 (oleic acid) fatty acids were abundant in the oils. Fruit extracts in acetone, methanol, and water have greater concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, total antioxidant activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays demonstrated increased antioxidant activities in close correlation with the higher concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The results of this study demonstrate that the fruits of F. drupacea are a strong source of nutrients and phytochemicals, and they merit more investigation and thought for possible uses.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Bungkulan Buleleng Village Communities Related to the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination

Background: The contribution of the community through their knowledge, attitudes, and practices are essential to control COVID-19 through vaccination.Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community related to implementing the COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This observational study with a cross-sectional design was carried out from June to July 2023. Samples of 155 respondents were obtained through convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria include the community domiciled in Bungkulan Village, aged ≥18 years, and is willing to be involved in research, while respondents who didn’t fill in the complete questionnaire are excluded from research. Data was collected using self-developed offline questionnaire. The relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and practices was analyzed by multiple linier regression and Spearman-rho test (95% CI).Results: Findings showed that the majority of respondents were aged 25-29 years old (30.32%), male (76.13%), graduated from high school (65.16%), worked (89.68%), didn’t experience comorbidities (96.13%) and AESI (87.10%), lack of knowledge (53.29 ± 23.24) but has a good attitude (75.18 ± 11.55) and practices (84.06 ± 16.17) related to the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination. There is a significant relationship between knowledge with attitudes (r = 0.352; p = <0.001) and attitudes with practices (r = 0.257; p = <0.001), also knowledge and attitudes simultaneously influence the practice of Covid-19 vaccination (p=<0.001).Conclusion: A person's attitudes and practices in a positive direction tend to begin with good knowledge. Strong sources of public health information and communication are necessary to develop good knowledge.