Strong Safety Research Articles

Assessment of radiation safety culture among radiological technologists in medical imaging departments in Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of radiation safety culture among medical radiological technologists (MRTs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was performed from June 2022 to February 2023 and involved MRTs from various hospitals and medical centres in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered and previously validated radiation safety culture survey instrument in medical imaging departments. The survey comprises 11 determinants of radiation safety culture, including personal accountability, teamwork in imaging, teamwork across imaging stakeholders, questioning attitude, feedback loops, organisational learning, leadership actions, non-punitive response, error reporting, radiation policy and overall perception of radiation safety. A total of 496 MRTs participated in this study. Results showed that most of the MRTs were male (75.0%), between 25 and 44 yr old (71.0%), with a bachelor’s degree (53.2%) and had less than 5 yr of experience (41.1%). The highest mean scores were for personal accountability (4.43 ± 0.62) and teamwork in imaging (4.22 ± 0.91), while the lowest mean score was for non-punitive response (2.94 ± 1.01). The majority of the MRTs reported good perception for the personal accountability (71.8%), teamwork in imaging (56.5%) and organisational learning (46%) scales; moderate perception for the teamwork across imaging stakeholders (53.2%), questioning attitude (71%), feedback loops (47.6%), leadership actions (74.2%), error reporting (53.2%), radiation policy (54.8%) and overall perception of radiation safety (62.1%) scales; and poor perception for the non-punitive response scale (45.2%). Individual and organisational interference are warranted to adhere to a strong radiation safety culture with continuing education. Moreover, repeated measures are necessary to assess for categorical improvement associated with the relevant determinants that are also important to support a positive radiation safety culture.

Multifunctional modification polyester with Au@Cu2O-ZnO ternary heterojunction fabricated by in situ polymerization.

In situ polymerization has been proven to be an effective method to introduce functional materials into polymers. In this work, a nano-heterojunction material was prepared successfully and evenly dispersed in PET by in situ polymerization methods to yield multifunctionally modified PET. The modified PET fibers showed excellent antibacterial activity and strong moisture absorption and perspiration, which could efficiently expel moisture from humans. Significantly, these prepared PET textiles demonstrate a strong safety without any cytotoxicity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the uniform dispersion of heterojunctions and well-defined truncated octahedra including nano-gold rods. A series of characterizations including FTIR, XPS, XRD and DSC showed that the nano-heterojunction participates in the reaction during polymerization. It is interesting that the SEM images of the modified PET fiber presented an intriguing organ fold structure, which makes a significant contribution to moisture absorption and perspiration. The formation mechanism is discussed preliminarily.

Instrumental safety net configurations and changes over time among economically marginalized families.

Poverty, a social determinant of health, disproportionately affects families with children. Public and private safety nets, or support networks available in times of need, can help address poverty and its consequences. Independently, strong safety nets (public or private) promote health and well-being, yet little is known about how private and public safety nets combine and evolve over time. Using latent class and latent transition analyses, this study examined public and private safety net configurations of mothers with low-income, sociodemographic characteristics associated with these configurations, and safety net changes over time. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study from child ages 1, 5, and 9 (N = 2,251), results indicated that mothers were sorted into four safety net configurations (public support only, private support only, all high, and all low) and 30%-53% of each class of mothers transitioned from one safety net configuration to another at the next neighboring wave, underscoring the importance of examining both public and private supports simultaneously and longitudinally. Membership in configurations with low private support (e.g., public only, all low) and sociodemographic disadvantage (e.g., more poverty, recent experience of hardship) predicted transitions, commonly leaving mothers without advantage in the riskiest safety nets. To promote a more responsive, equitable safety net, lengthening public safety net program certification periods and increasing outreach efforts (e.g., through schools, churches) to potentially eligible mothers could strengthen and stabilize safety nets to lessen poverty and its consequences for economically marginalized families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Biguanides and glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists in the amelioration of post liver transplant weight gain; a scoping review of the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy.

Weight gain post-liver transplant can lead to adverse patient outcomes in the post-transplant period. Pharmacotherapy and other measures can be utilised to reduce the burden and occurrence of weight gain in this population. We explored the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of these medications, specifically GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin, focusing on liver transplant patients. This scoping review was conducted in line with the scoping review structure as outlined by the PRISMA guidelines. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have been observed to be safe and effective in liver transplant patients. Experimental models have found liver-centric weight loss mechanisms in this drug cohort. There is a paucity of evidence about the use of antihyperglycemics in a post-transplant population for weight loss purposes. However, some small studies have shown strong safety and efficacy data. The evidence in relation to using these medications in patients with metabolic syndrome for weight loss warrants further study in a transplant population.

Impact of the Great Recession on Adults With Autism and Their Mothers.

Autistic individuals and their families are at risk for poor outcomes in employment and mental health and may be vulnerable to long-term effects of broader societal conditions. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to understand the impact of the Great Recession of 2007-2009 on autistic individuals and their mothers (N = 392). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) results indicated that problem behavior of autistic adults increased in the years following the recession. The rate at which autistic individuals moved away and lived separately from their mothers also slowed during the recession. Mothers experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms postrecession, compared to prerecession. In many other respects, the autistic individuals and their mothers did not experience negative outcomes, suggesting resilience and a strong safety net. These included the physical health and vocational/employment status of the autistic adults and their mothers. Results point to specific areas of vulnerability of autistic individuals and their mothers during the economic downturn, as well as a broad pattern of resilience in these families.

The testis, eunuchs, and testosterone: a historical review over the ages and around the world.

Testosterone therapy for men with testosterone deficiency is widely used, yet remains controversial. The rich and fascinating history of the testicles, including human castration, provides a valuable perspective on this important topic. This study reviewed the history of testosterone from antiquity to the modern day. Primary sources consisted of books and relevant articles, augmented by a MEDLINE search using the key words "testis," "testicles," "castration," "eunuchs," "testosterone," and "testicular function." An early scientific observation was that castration reduced sexual development and activity, originating with domestication of animals approximately 10 000years ago. Human castration appears in ancient Egyptian mythology more than 4000years ago, in Greek mythology from 8th century BCE, and in the Bible. The history of eunuchs in China spanned 2000years, beginning with the Hsia dynasty (2205-1766BCE). The concept that the testicles produced some factor responsible for male sexual development and behavior was thus known throughout the world since the beginning of recorded history. Testosterone was isolated and synthesized in 1935 and was soon available as a treatment. Multiple benefits of testosterone therapy were apparent by 1940. Recent large, controlled testosterone studies have conclusively demonstrated sexual and general health benefits, with a strong safety profile. Testosterone has been a known substance for <1% of the historical timeline, yet knowledge that the testes were responsible for male sexual development and behavior has been known since the beginning of recorded history. Today, modern evidence has demonstrated the importance of normal levels of testosterone for general health as well as sexual function and desire. Yet, testosterone therapy remains controversial. We believe this historical review provides a helpful perspective on this age-old issue.

ENHANCING CAPACITY OF SERVICE PROFESSIONALS TO PREVENT FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION IN RURAL OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA

Abstract Cognitive impairment renders older adults more vulnerable to financial exploitation (i.e., financial abuse committed by family members, or someone known to victims, and financial fraud committed by strangers). This study developed and tested the efficacy of a community-based financial exploitation prevention model for older adults living with dementia in rural Michigan. Guided by the routine activity theory, we chose to address external risk factors for financial abuse and fraud by focusing on service professionals (i.e., social and health care providers) who are at stake for identifying and reporting abuse. Using a randomized control design, we assigned 52 service professionals in intervention groups that received training on dementia and financial exploitation and available community resources, and 39 in control groups that received community resources only. Participants were assessed at baseline and 3 months following the intervention, while 26 dropped out at 3-month follow-up. Linear mixed modeling (LMM) was used to examine time and group effects in dementia literacy, understanding of financial exploitation, and competence in handling financial exploitation. Both groups reported an increase in their knowledge of dementia and their competence of handing financial exploitation cases. Moreover, those in the intervention groups reported more understanding of risk factors for financial abuse committed by family members. Community service agencies comprise a strong safety network for vulnerable older adults at risk for financial exploitation. Policies and practice need to be in place to sustain the coordinated efforts among community service agencies and adult protective services to prevent financial exploitation.

Exploring influential factors on patient safety culture in delirium nursing care within long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundElderly residents with physical and cognitive impairments in long-term care facilities are vulnerable to safety risks.PurposeThis study investigated factors that influence patient safety cultures in delirium nursing care in long-term care facilities.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 214 nurses working in 12 long-term care facilities using a structured questionnaire from February 15, 2022, to March 14, 2022. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and hierarchical analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0 software.ResultsSignificant factors associated with patient safety culture were identified. Organizational factors included the availability of delirium care manuals, nursing education and experience in delirium care, and the perceived necessity of delirium education. Individual factors included nurse-to-patient ratios, and nurses marital status.ConclusionTo foster a strong patient safety culture, attention should be given to the availability of delirium care resources, the promotion of specialized and ongoing education and experience, and adequate staffing levels.

Identifying therapeutic alternatives in Medicare drug price negotiation: The case of etanercept.

As the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) navigates the process of negotiating drug prices, it plans to compare the cost, safety, and effectiveness of each drug with its therapeutic alternatives. How CMS selects therapeutic alternatives is a consequential decision, and there remains uncertainty about their methodology. To understand the challenges CMS will face in selecting therapeutic alternatives, we developed a methodology that leverages clinical guidelines by US medical professional associations to identify potential therapeutic alternatives for etanercept, one of the first 10 drugs selected for Medicare price negotiation. For each of etanercept's 5 US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications, we identified all drugs with the same mechanism of action as etanercept and considered drugs with different mechanisms if they were recommended in place of etanercept at the same treatment stage, or if there was no strong comparative safety or effectiveness evidence that the drug differed from etanercept. We identified 22 potential therapeutic alternatives to etanercept, including 4 drugs with the same mechanism, 10 biologics with different mechanisms, and 8 small-molecule drugs. We faced several challenges in selecting therapeutic alternatives using clinical guidelines, such as how to reconcile strong recommendations that were based on weak evidence and how to consider combination therapies. This exercise demonstrates the complex considerations that CMS will face as it negotiates drug prices based on therapies' cost, safety, and effectiveness relative to therapeutic alternatives.

SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ETHYLENE PRODUCTION

Ethylene production is a cornerstone of the petrochemical industry, with a global demand that continues to rise. Ensuring efficient, safe, and environmentally responsible ethylene production processes is paramount. Ethylene production control systems, encompassing a range of technologies and strategies, play a pivotal role in achieving these objectives. This abstract provides a concise overview of key aspects of ethylene production control systems, their challenges, and their critical importance. Ethylene production control systems serve as the backbone of modern ethylene plants, orchestrating complex operations to meet production targets while maintaining product quality. These systems integrate advanced technologies such as distributed control systems (DCS), safety instrumented systems (SIS), and process optimization tools to manage variables like temperature, pressure, flow rates, and feedstock composition. Efficiency and yield optimization are central objectives in ethylene production control. Control strategies are designed to maximize product output while minimizing energy consumption and raw material wastage. Additionally, safety control systems are a crucial component, mitigating risks associated with the highly flammable nature of ethylene and ensuring the well-being of personnel and environmental protection. Challenges in ethylene production control systems include managing the variability in feedstock quality, adapting to changing market demands, and adhering to stringent environmental regulations. As feedstock composition can fluctuate, control systems must continually adjust to maintain product quality and consistency. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought new dimensions to ethylene production control. AI-driven predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, and process optimization are being explored to enhance operational efficiency and reduce downtime. In summary, ethylene production control systems are pivotal in sustaining the global supply of ethylene, a vital chemical compound. Their roles extend beyond production to safety and environmental compliance, making them indispensable components in the petrochemical industry's pursuit of efficiency and sustainability. To meet growing demands and address evolving challenges, the integration of advanced technologies, such as AI, holds promise for the future of ethylene production control systems. A strong safety culture is the backbone of safety control in ethylene production. This involves fostering a work environment where safety is paramount, and all personnel are equipped with the knowledge, awareness, and commitment to safety objectives. Clear communication and continuous training ensure that safety becomes an integral part of the organizational DNA. These systems represent a synergy of hardware, software, and operational protocols meticulously designed to monitor, detect, and respond to anomalous conditions, with a primary objective of averting incidents that could culminate in equipment damage, environmental harm, or harm to personnel. Keywords: Ethylene Production, Control Systems, Petrochemical Industry, Efficiency, Safety, Environmental Responsibility.

Microstructural engineering for Ta-doped Li-garnet solid electrolyte toward enhancing performance

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) based on Li-garnet solid electrolytes have received tremendous attention owning to their strong safety and high energy density. However, poor ionic conductivity at room temperature and low relative density of Li-garnet solid electrolytes hinder their widespread applications. Herein, microstructural engineering enabled by further Yb-doping strategy is adopted to enhance the performance of Li-garnet solid electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO). The introduction of Yb exerts dual regulation of intragrain and grain boundary, enlarging the bottleneck size for Li+ migration and suppressing abnormal grain growth (AGG), which enhance ion conductivity and fabricate homogeneous dense electrolyte. First principles calculation demonstrates Yb into electrolyte can reduce Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of electrolyte reaction, making sintering process easier to complete. A dense microstructure is obtained when 0.1 Yb is doped LLZTO, and the maximum ion conductivity achieves 7.67 × 10−4 S·cm−1 with relative density of 96.2 %. The critical current density (CCD) of Li symmetric cell composed of 0.1Yb-LLZTO reaches 1.30 mA cm−2 and provides stable cycling performance for 4000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Additionally, SSLB matched with 0.1Yb-LLZTO and LiFePO4 delivers a remarkable cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 125.4 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 83.2 % after 300 cycles (0.5 C). The findings of this study provide important implications for understanding microstructural engineering in electrolyte preparation and developing high-performance Li-garnet-based SSLBs.

Advances in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the research of oncolytic viruses for the therapy of gliomas. The latest clinical trial results related to the modification, effectiveness, and safety of oncolytic viruses have brought hope for the development of glioblastoma treatments. Modified oncolytic viruses, particularly those based on the herpes simplex virus, have gained approval in Japan. Clinical trials involving recombinant poliovirus have shown better-than-expected survival outcomes with a strong safety profile. Notably, the first-time report of adenovirus in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for glioblastoma has demonstrated promising survival benefits and safety. However, challenges remain, including the selection of administration routes and the sustainability of treatment effects during oncolytic virus therapy. Therefore, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to improve the effectiveness and optimize treatment strategy for glioblastoma using oncolytic viruses.

Intelligent Control Systems for Autonomous Re-entry and Landing of Reusable Rockets

The project requires integration of cutting-edge technologies such as sensor integration, trajectory planning, control system, and safety measures to ensure safe and exact landing. The research presents a development and application of intelligent control system for autonomous re-entry and landing that is specifically created for reusable rocket. The primary goal of our research is to develop an intelligent control system that can autonomously guide reusable rocket through the challenging process of re-entering the atmosphere and landing. Advance sensor integration is essential for gathering real-time data from various sensors and enabling the control system to make decisions during crucial descent stages. In order to lessen risk to the rocket and its payload, it also covers trajectory planning, which optimizes the flight route to assure precision upon landing. Safety is the first priority throughout the project, with strong safety measures being implemented to reduce potential risk and assure protection. An intelligent control system that has been designed and built can autonomously direct a reusable rocket through the difficult re-entry and landing process. This work offers a reliable and efficient method for the autonomous re-entry and landing of reusable rockets, making a substantial addition to the field of rocketry. By running efficiently and sustainably, the intelligent control system created here has the potential to revolutionize the space sector.

COVID-19 Effects on the U.S. Arts and Culture Economy and Sustainable Economic Models for the Future

The first COVID-19 case appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019, creating a global public health crisis and a domino effect of disruptions to the global economy and industries. This paper explores the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on one of the hardest hit sectors in the U.S.: the cultural and creative economy. Even before the pandemic, the arts were chronically underfunded due to structural factors, only amplified by COVID-19. This paper delves into the extensive short-term and long-term repercussions of the pandemic through examining publicly released data, studies, and professional insights in each year following the outbreak. Furthermore, the paper offers insights into the prospects for the creative economy in a post-COVID world. While recovery and rebounding of the arts economy has focused on an innovative virtual world and leveraging technology, this essay offers a fresh examination of renovating the arts and culture industry from its fundamental building blocks. A rebranding of the funding model structure, namely the arts social enterprise approach, can incorporate a variety of funders and sponsors to ensure a sustainable, strong safety net. Future research directions could focus on the complete recovery. The paper concludes that COVID-19 has been exceptionally damaging to the industry, but new social enterprise models and leveraging 21st century technology can help the arts rebound and revive.

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in US and UK frontline workers – The role of economic risk

Drawing upon a comparative qualitative study of frontline workers in the US and UK this research confirms Bazzoli and Probsts’ (2022) emphasis on employment instability as a limiting boundary condition for effective implementation of a strong safety climate. It suggests that there is no positive relationship between risk of Covid-19 infection and frontline worker attitudes toward the vaccine because of their exposure throughout the pandemic. The notion of moral disengagement is problematic because of the tension between the vaccine hesitancy of frontline workers and the pro-social roles they fulfilled in the pandemic. Their exposure, underpinned by dependence on non-standard contracts and limited access to sick pay, informed vaccine hesitancy. Trust in management, but also perceptions of economic risk and safety in the work environment, shape vaccine behaviour and point to the importance of workplace health and safety policies. The research suggests the necessity of work-related variables in exploring vaccine hesitancy, but also consideration of the wider political economy of legal, health and welfare systems in both countries, including hostile migration environments. While vaccination was more politicised in the US, the intersection of race and class were key factors in both countries because of the predominance of BME and BIPOC workers in essential work during the pandemic and disproportionate exposure to the virus.

The Catering Industry under the Epidemic: A Case Study on Yum China

Since the outbreak of the epidemic in 2019, the world economy has been in a lot of trouble. Among the various sectors, the catering industry has borne the brunt of this unprecedented crisis, facing unparalleled challenges and setbacks. During this time, Yum China has handled the epidemic differently than other food service businesses and hasn't had any trouble with business because of it. The goal of this paper was to look at why Yum China can still be successful even though there is an epidemic. This paper demonstrated the reasons for Yum Chinas success in the epidemic. This paper finally found that Yum Chinas success in the epidemic had the following three reasons: At first, the high-quality digital platform enabled Yum China to take a leading position in the industry. In the future, Yum China will continue to increase its investment in digitalization and maintain its leading role. Secondly, the strong safety and health measures had ensured the safety and stability of Yum Chinas customer base during the epidemic. However, Yum China should pay more attention to food safety after the epidemic. Thirdly, Yum China's strong supply chain management had ensured the stable import of raw materials and cost control during the epidemic. Yum China should continue to strengthen its investment in supply chain management to consolidate strong supply chain advantages.

Study on evolution process and electrochemical behavior of porous cathode in discharge process of the solid-state lithium-oxygen battery

Solid-state lithium‑oxygen battery is one of the lithium-metal batteries with high theoretical specific capacity and strong safety. In order to explore the evolution process and electrochemical behavior of the battery, a study of combination of simulation and experiment is conducted in this paper. Firstly, solid-state lithium‑oxygen batteries with quartz tubes as the battery shell are designed for the experiment. FTIR and Raman results show that the lithium peroxide is produced as discharge products and SEM images show the product is accumulated on the surface of carbon particles and bound the carbon particles into blocks during the cathode evolution process. Then, a 1D multi-physics coupling field model referred to the experiment is established to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the battery. The calculated discharge curves are compared with the experimental discharge curves to verify the accuracy of the model. Using the model, the electrochemical behaviors, such as discharge product volume fraction, active three-phase interface, LATP phase potential and carbon phase potential, are analyzed. At last, the reasons for discharge termination are attributed to the accumulation of lithium peroxide and the decline of active three-phase interface.

Restaurant and Staff Characteristics Related to Practices that Could Contribute to Cross-Contamination

Foodborne illness is a persistent public health concern in the U.S.; over 800 foodborne illness outbreaks are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) annually. Most of these outbreaks (60%) are linked with restaurants. Contamination of food with foodborne pathogens during preparation and storage is a significant contributing factor to many of these outbreaks. The CDC’s Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) collected data to identify restaurant characteristics, policies, and practices associated with contamination prevention practices. Data collectors interviewed managers and conducted kitchen observations in 312 restaurants across six EHS-Net sites in five states. Data collectors observed at least one food worker action that could lead to contamination in 63.1% of restaurants. The most frequently observed action that could lead to contamination was bare-hand or dirty glove contact with ready-to-eat food (35.9%). The estimated mean number of observed potential contamination actions was greater in restaurants that were independently owned (does not share a name and operations with other restaurants), did not require managers to be certified in food safety, did not have workers trained in food safety, did not have a handwashing policy, did not have a policy minimizing bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods, and had a manager with more than two years of experience at their current restaurant. These results suggest that to improve contamination prevention, the foodservice industry and food safety officials can consider supporting and encouraging strong food safety training and policies, particularly concerning hand hygiene, and targeting interventions to independent restaurants.

The fungal-derived compound AM3 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and skews the differentiation of human monocytes.

The proper functioning of the immune system depends on an appropriate balance between pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation. When the balance is disrupted and the system is excessively biased towards inflammation, immune responses cannot return within the normal range, which favors the onset of diseases of autoimmune or inflammatory nature. In this scenario, it is fundamental to find new compounds that can help restore this balance and contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system in humans. Here, we show the properties of a fungal compound with a strong safety profile in humans, AM3, as an immunomodulatory molecule to decrease excessive cytokine production in human cells. Our results present that AM3 treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes decreased their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion following the challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, AM3 skewed the differentiation profile of human monocytes to macrophages towards a non-inflammatory phenotype without inducing tolerance, meaning these cells kept their capacity to respond to different stimuli. These effects were similar in young and elderly individuals. Thus, the fungal compound, AM3 may help reduce excessive immune activation in inflammatory conditions and keep the immune responses within a normal homeostatic range, regardless of the age of the individual.

ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), an Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist designed for optimal safety and efficacy, activates exhausted T cells in combination with anti-PD-1

Background4-1BB (CD137) is a co-stimulatory receptor highly expressed on tumor reactive effector T cells and NK cells, which upon stimulation prolongs persistence of tumor reactive effector T and NK cells within the tumor and induces long-lived memory T cells. 4-1BB agonistic antibodies have been shown to induce strong anti-tumor effects that synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The first generation of 4-1BB agonists was, however, hampered by dose-limiting toxicities resulting in suboptimal dose levels or poor agonistic activity.MethodsATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), a second-generation Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist in IgG4 format, was designed to overcome the limitations of the first generation of 4-1BB agonists, providing strong agonistic effect while minimizing systemic immune activation and risk of hepatoxicity. The epitope of ATOR-1017 was determined by X-ray crystallography, and the functional activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1.ResultsATOR-1017 binds to a unique epitope on 4-1BB enabling ATOR-1017 to activate T cells, including cells with an exhausted phenotype, and NK cells, in a cross-linking dependent, FcγR-conditional, manner. This translated into a tumor-directed and potent anti-tumor therapeutic effect in vivo, which was further enhanced with anti-PD-1 treatment.ConclusionsThese preclinical data demonstrate a strong safety profile of ATOR-1017, together with its potent therapeutic effect as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD1, supporting further clinical development of ATOR-1017.