Strong Memory Research Articles

Independent storage of different features of real-world objects in long-term memory.

People can store thousands of real-world objects in visual long-term memory with high precision. But are these objects stored as unitary, bound entities, as often assumed, or as bundles of separable features? We tested this in several experiments. In the first series of studies, participants were instructed to remember specific exemplars of real-world objects presented in a particular state (e.g., open/closed, full/empty, etc.), and then were asked to recognize either which exemplars they had seen (e.g., I saw this coffee mug), or which exemplar-state conjunctions they had seen (e.g., I saw this coffee mug and it was full). Participants had a large number of within-category confusions, for example misremembering which states went with which exemplars, while simultaneously showing strong memory for the features themselves (e.g., which states they had seen, which exemplars they had seen). In a second series of studies, we found further evidence of independence: participants were very good at remembering which exemplars they had seen independently of whether these items were presented in a new or old state, but the same did not occur for features known to be truly holistically represented. Thus, we find through 2 lines of evidence that the features of real-world objects that support exemplar discrimination and state discrimination are not bound, suggesting visual objects are not inherently unitary entities in memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Remembering Indian Ocean Slavery through Film

Abstract Due to assimilation, the diversity of the region, and the problems of identification, the presence of Asians with African ancestry in some parts of the Indian Ocean goes largely unnoticed. Whilst Ethiopians came to Sri Lanka voluntarily during the sixth century, the largest known Afro-Sri Lankan community’s history dates back to the island’s colonial era, which began in the sixteenth century. Oral traditions and archival records demonstrate that the Indian Ocean slave trade carried on even after abolition of the transatlantic slave trade. Although their numbers have dwindled due to out-marriage and assimilation, this community’s presence is marked out through its strong cultural memories. This article highlights the significance of film as a medium for making Sri Lankans of African ancestry visible and giving them a space to reflect about their ancestors, cultural traditions and sociolinguistic transformations.

PEMBELAJARAN TARI MERAK BAGI SISWA TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN DI SLB C CIPAGANTI BANDUNG

Learning Merak Dance For Lightweight Students Of Disabilities At SLB C Cipaganti Bandung.This research is the background of the difficulty of dance learning for children with lightweight disabilities. Learning dance at SLB C Cipaganti Bandung has a high level of difficulty when compared with dance learning in ordinary schools, Because the students are lightweight children with disabilities,who have difficulty in motor and concentration, while in dancing is needed strong motion, concentration and memory On every movement on a dance. This study aims to determine the Learning Process, Media, Methods and evaluation used in Learning Dance Merak For Students lightweight disabilities in SLB C Cipaganti Bandung. Approach in this research is qualitative with research method used is Descriptive. The result of the research shows that in the learning of Merak dance in SLB C Cipagati Bandung from learning process, media and methods and learning evaluation have not run well where the dance teacher is not from dance education, the teacher does not make the learning planning, the learning is done according to his experience. And Besides, the lack of interest in learning Studentsdance Merak.

Abstract TMP72: Auto-Launching of Interfacility Transport for Presumed Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes Decreases Door-In-Door-Out (DIDO) Times and May Improve Outcomes

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is effective for select acute ischemic strokes due to large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS). Systems of care need to expeditiously identify, transfer, and treat qualifying LVO-AIS. Data are needed to define which ingredients are most effective when engineering LVO-AIS regional systems of care. Methods: Strong Memorial Hospital (SMH) is a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Rochester, NY serving twenty-two New York State designed stroke centers (NYS-DSC). Arnot Ogden Medical Center (AOMC), Cayuga Medical Center (CMC), and Geneva General Hospital (GGH) are NYS-DSCs located 115, 91, and 50 miles from SMH, respectively. Clinical leaders at each site collaborated to implement an integrated regional system of care for LVO-AIS, dubbed “Code LVO”, which includes the auto-launching of an interfacility transport to the referring hospital for presumed strokes with an NIHSS of >/= 10 and last known well time (LKWT) of </=24 hours. We retrospectively reviewed a QA database for transfer patients with an ASPECTS of >/= 6 and proximal anterior circulation LVO on a CTA at the referring hospital to identify the door-in-door-out (DIDO) times, thrombectomy attempt rate, and mortality of patients before and after Code LVO implementation. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum was used to analyze median DIDO times and Fisher’s exact was used to analyze the proportion of DIDO times of < 90 minutes, < 60 minutes, thrombectomy attempt rate, and mortality. Results: There were 51 pre- Code LVO versus 12 post Code-LVO transfers. The median DIDO times were significantly reduced post-Code LVO (80 vs 127 minutes, p=0.001). The proportion of DIDO times < 90 minutes and < 60 minutes were significantly improved (58% vs 16%, p=0.005 and 17% vs 0%, p=0.034, respectively). Mortality was numerically, but not significantly, reduced (17% vs 22%). Median DIDO times were significantly shorter in those undergoing thrombectomy (97 vs 136 minutes, p=0.008) and numerically longer in those who died (138 vs 112 minutes, p=0.24). Conclusions: Auto-launching of interfacility transport within an integrated regional system care for LVO-AIS decreases DIDO times and may improve outcomes. Further study is needed to outline its value, in terms of patient outcomes, resource utilization, and safety.

Shifting from fear to safety through deconditioning-update

Aversive memories are at the heart of psychiatric disorders such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we present a new behavioral approach in rats that robustly attenuates aversive memories. This method consists of 'deconditioning' animals previously trained to associate a tone with a strong footshock by replacing it with a much weaker one during memory retrieval. Our results indicate that deconditioning-update is more effective than traditional extinction in reducing fear responses; moreover, such effects are long lasting and resistant to renewal and spontaneous recovery. Remarkably, this strategy overcame important boundary conditions for memory updating, such as remote or very strong traumatic memories. The same beneficial effect was found in other types of fear-related memories. Deconditioning was mediated by L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and is consistent with computational accounts of mismatch-induced memory updating. Our results suggest that shifting from fear to safety through deconditioning-update is a promising approach to attenuate traumatic memories.

Persistent Effects on Cardiorespiratory and Nervous Systems Induced by Long-Term Lead Exposure: Results from a Longitudinal Study.

Long-term lead (Pb) exposure alters the normal development of the nervous system and physiology. It affects multiple organ systems, causing hypertension, cardiorespiratory dysfunction, being a well-known neurotoxin, inducing changes in neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, and glial cells. However, studies of the developmental effects of lead and its outcomes throughout life are lacking. Determine morphofunctional, behavioral, and cognitive developmental effects of long-term lead exposure at three different ages. Wistar rats were exposed to a Pb-acetate solution from fetal period until adulthood and compared to a non-exposed control group. General behavior and cognitive skills were evaluated by behavioral tests and physiological data and cardiorespiratory reflexes measured. Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and synaptic activity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Lead exposure caused long-lasting anxiety-like behavior and strong long-term memory impairment without changes in locomotor and exploratory activity. Hypertension was observed at all time points, concomitant with baroreflex impairment and increased chemoreflex sensitivity. Persistent neuroinflammation, transient synaptic overexcitation without neurodegeneration was observed. Long-term Pb exposure, since fetal period, causes long-lasting anxiety-like behavior, concomitant with hypertension, without general motor skills impairment. Synaptic overexcitation, reactive astrogliosis, and microgliosis could underlie behavioral and long-term memory changes, which might have been caused during developmental phases and consolidated during adulthood. Also, alterations observed in the cardiorespiratory reflexes can explain persistent hypertension. This longitudinal study identifies and characterizes lead toxicity nature and magnitude, important to devise and test potential interventions to attenuate the long-term harmful effects of lead on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Community Perception on the Conflict between Human and Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847) in Way Kambas National Park

The conflict between humans and elephants can cause disadvantages for both humans and elephants in the form of property and loss of life. The objective of this study was to determine community perceptions of the conflict between humans and elephants. Data were collected through interviews with thirty respondents by using a questionnaire as guidance. The respondents were randomly selected from Tegal Yoso Village, Purbolinggo District, East Lampung Regency, which is one of the buffer villages of the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK). The results showed that 100% of the community declared elephants as plant destroyers, and 97% of plant consumers. The results also revealed that 100% of the community has a positive perception by considering elephants as an endangered species and has the potential to become tourist attractions, while 97% or the community considered elephant as a charismatic animal, beautiful, having a strong memory, and sensitive. The community showed awareness of the conservation of Sumatran elephants. It was shown from their attitude in dealing with the elephants that enter the agricultural area by reporting to the authorized officer. The Elephant Response Unit (ERU) in Tegal Yoso and the community need to increase safeguards to reduce conflicts between elephants and humans in the buffer zone of TNWK.Keywords: elephant, community, conflict, mitigation, perception

Opposite effects of noradrenergic and glucocorticoid activation on accuracy of an episodic-like memory

Stressful and emotionally arousing experiences activate hormonal systems that create strong memories. It remains unclear, however, how this strengthening affects the quality of such memories. In the present study, we examined whether the noradrenergic and glucocorticoid hormonal systems affect accuracy of episodic-like memory. We trained male Sprague-Dawley rats on an episodic-like association task, termed inhibitory avoidance discrimination task, in which they explored two different contexts, but shock was given only in the latter context. Forty-eight hours later, retention latencies were tested in the two training contexts as well as in a novel context. The noradrenergic stimulant yohimbine, administered systemically immediately after the training session, enhanced both accuracy and strength of the memory, as shown by long latencies specific to the shock context. By contrast, the glucocorticoid corticosterone induced a generalized strengthening of memory and enhanced latencies in both the shock and non-shock training contexts. Retention latencies in the novel context were not significantly affected. These findings indicate that the noradrenergic and glucocorticoid systems, while both strengthening memory of the shock experience per se, produce opposite effects on accuracy of the shock-context association.

Thermal stress and local crystallization parameters in single-crystal rods of Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Abstract Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal material shows a strong magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect with reversible strains of up to 12%. Single crystal rods of up to 40 mm diameter are produced in Bridgman type processes. For actuator applications small sticks are cut out of the rods. The magneto-mechanical performance of these sticks depends among other parameters on their alignment with the crystal lattice. Thus, each inhomogeneity of lattice orientation within the rod reduces the achievable yield. The lattice orientation within the single crystal rods usually differs slightly between bottom and top region, and it shows local scattering due to misorientations between the growing dendrites. In the present study the macroscopic thermal stresses induced during the crystallization process are simulated. It is found that these stresses do not affect the crystal orientation. However, they may lead to shape changes of the single crystal rod.

Novel combination immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: potent anti-tumor effects with CD40 agonist and interleukin-15 treatment.

ObjectivesWith the poorest 5‐year survival of all cancers, improving treatment for pancreatic cancer is one of the biggest challenges in cancer research. We sought to explore the potential of combining both priming and activation of the immune system. To achieve this, we combined a CD40 agonist with interleukin‐15 and tested its potential in pancreatic cancer.MethodsResponse to this combination regimen was assessed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mouse models, and a thorough analysis of the tumor microenvironment was performed.ResultsWe demonstrated profound reduction in tumor growth and increased survival of mice with the majority of mice being cured when both agents were combined, including an unprecedented 8‐fold dose reduction of CD40 agonist without losing any efficacy. RNAseq analysis showed involvement of natural killer (NK) cell‐ and T‐cell‐mediated anti‐tumor responses and the importance of antigen‐presenting cell pathways. This combination resulted in enhanced infiltration of tumors by both T cells and NK cells, as well as a striking increase in the ratio of CD8+ T cells over Tregs. We also observed a significant increase in numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor‐draining lymph nodes, particularly CD103+ DCs with cross‐presentation potential. A critical role for CD8+ T cells and involvement of NK cells in the anti‐tumor effect was highlighted. Importantly, strong immune memory was established, with an increase in memory CD8+ T cells only when both interleukin‐15 and the CD40 agonist were combined.ConclusionThese novel preclinical data support initiation of a first‐in‐human clinical trial with this combination immunotherapy strategy in pancreatic cancer.

Endogenous retroviral proteins provide an immunodominant but not requisite antigen in a murine immunotherapy tumor model

ABSTRACT Clinical observations suggest that responses to cancer immunotherapy are correlated with intra-tumoral T cell receptor (TCR) clonality, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and host HLA genotype, highlighting the importance of host T cell recognition of tumor antigens. However, the dynamic interplay between T cell activation state and changes in TCR repertoire in driving the identification of potential immunodominant antigen(s) remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) using the murine colorectal tumor model MC38 to identify unique TCR sequences and validate their tumor reactivity. We found that the majority of clonally expanded TILs are tumor-reactive and their TCR repertoire is unique amongst individual MC38 tumor-bearing mice. Our query identified that multiple expanded TCR clones recognized the retroviral epitope p15E as an immunodominant antigen. In addition, we found that the endogenous retroviral genome encoding for p15E is highly expressed in MC38 tumors, but not in normal tissues, due to epigenetic derepression. Further, we demonstrated that the p15E-specific TILs exhibit an activated phenotype and an increase in frequency upon treatment with anti-41BB and anti-PD-1 combination immunotherapy. Importantly, we showed that although p15E-specific TILs are not required to mount a primary anti-tumor response, they contributed to the development of strong immune memory. Overall our results revealed that endogenous retroviral antigens expressed by tumor cells may represent an important and underappreciated category of tumor antigens that could be readily targeted in the clinic.

Gabriel Jackson (1921-2019)

© S. Faber, Oberlin College, 2010 Gabriel Jackson, one of the most prominent and worthiest American hispanists and hispanophiles, died on 3 November 2019 at the age of 98. He was born into a cultivated Jewish family in Mount Vernon, NY, in 1921. Gabe retained strong memories of the heated dinner-table discussions between his Socialist father and Communist older brother when the Spanish Civil War erupted in 1936. He graduated from Harvard College, where Perry Miller and F. O. Matthiessen were...

Spontaneous Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories in Individuals Experiencing Depression

Listening to music often triggers strong memories of events from our past, which influence how we affectively experience music listening and can therefore contribute to music’s therapeutic capacity. The aim of this study was to examine the valence and content of spontaneous music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) in listeners with self-reported depression, who typically demonstrate negatively biased autobiographical memory. Eighteen depressed and 21 controls participated in a music-listening experiment where they listened to a personalized music stimulus, described their memories, and thereafter rated the valence of these memories and of their induced affect. Participants’ ratings were statistically analysed, while the memory content was analysed with the use of a computerized text-analysis method and with a qualitative thematic analysis. Quantitative ratings of valence revealed a significant difference between groups: half of the depressed, compared to none of the controls, recalled a negative memory, and these were experienced with negative induced affect. The qualitative thematic analysis of the memory descriptions revealed that both depressed and control participants’ memories could be categorized into three first-level themes: (1) personal, (2) relationships, and (3) activities. Depressed participants’ negative memories were mainly located in the ‘relationships’ theme and included memories about loss and dysfunctional relationships, such as bullying, and in the ‘personal’ theme, including memories of mental health struggles and coping with music. Approximately a third of depressed participants recalled positive memories, and these were either related to loving family relationships or to activities. Limitations concerning the small sample size and implications regarding the function of music listening for depressed individuals are discussed.

Xishu Celebrity Memorial Gardens under the influence of water culture

The celebrity memorial gardens are the most prominent in Xishu gardens, showing strong memorial. As the most characteristic cultural element of Xishu area, water contributes a lot to the development of Xishu gardens and becomes an indispensable element in gardening. By tracing back to the background of the formation and development of water culture, this paper analyses the relationship between the historical celebrities and water in Xishu, and summarizes the art of water in Xishu celebrity memorial gardens under the infiltration of water culture. This paper not only reflects the aesthetic value of water from the perspective of formal beauty, but also creates the poetic and artistic conception and the connotation of humanistic spirit through the combination with other gardening elements. At last the article reveals its significance and value of water culture in celebrity memorial gardens and tries to provide inspiration for future regional garden design.

Enclavisor: A Hardware-software Co-design for Enclaves on Untrusted Cloud

The releases of Intel SGX and AMD SEV mark the transition of hardware-based enclaves from research prototypes to mainstream products. These two paradigms of secure enclaves are attractive to both the cloud providers and tenants, since security is one of the key pillars of cloud computing. However, it is found that current hardware-defined enclaves are not flexible and efficient enough for the cloud. For example, although SGX can provide strong memory protection with both confidentiality and integrity, the size of secure memory is tightly restricted. On the contrary, SEV enables enclaves to use more memory but has critical security flaws due to no memory integrity protection. Meanwhile, both types of enclaves have relatively long booting latency, which makes them not suitable for short-term tasks like serverless workloads. After an in-depth analysis, we find that there are some intrinsic tradeoffs between security and performance due to the limitation of architectural designs. In this article, we investigate a novel hardware-software co-design of enclaves to meet the requirements of cloud by placing a part of the logic of the enclave mechanism into a lightweight software layer, named Enclavisor, to achieve a balance between security, performance, and flexibility. Specifically, our implementation is based on AMD's SEV and, Enclavisor is placed in the guest kernel mode of SEV's secure virtual machines. Enclavisor inherently supports memory encryption with no memory limitation and also achieves efficient booting, multiple enclave granularities, and post-launch remote attestation. Meanwhile, we also propose hardware/software solutions to mitigate the security flaws caused by the lack of memory integrity. We implement a prototype of Enclavisor on an AMD SEV server. The experiments on both micro-benchmarks and application benchmarks show that enclaves on Enclavisor can have close-to-native performance.

Influence of Brand Personality on Brand Love for Personal Care Brands: With Reference to Sri Lankan Context

With the rapid proliferation of products in the market, mere consumer satisfaction is insufficient to remain competitive, thus it brings the need to build a strong emotional bond with the consumer. Brand personality and brand love are widely researched constructs in the journey of building consumer brand relationships. In an era where the paradigm of marketing is gradually shifting from transaction to relationship, it brings a vital importance to study the two variables concerned to sustain amidst the intense rivalry. This study focused on examining the influence of brand personality on brand love referring to personal care products. Furthermore, the mediating effect of brand attitude on the relationship between brand personality and brand love is investigated. The sample was limited 265 respondents, and both inferential and descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between brand personality and brand love. Intangible associations of a brand are strengthened through brand personality where it is evident empirically that consumers tend to project themselves to the society by the consumption of brands. The five dimensions brand personality was deductively framed in this paper. Adding to that, the mediating effect of brand attitude on this relationship has proven to be significant. In making a purchase decision, consumer’s evaluation on the brand affects to make stronger memories to the consumers. This study contributes to marketing managerial aspects on the means of building a successful consumer brand relationship in the course of building strong brands.

Активизация ресурсов граждан старшего поколения – получателей социальных услуг (итоги экспертного опроса)

The problem of identification and rational usage of resources of the older generation citizens, primarily aimed at their personal development and increase of feasible social activity in connection with the aging of the population is considered in the paper. In modern social work, the task of activation the resources of recipients of social services is also very significant in order to attract their opportunities for self-help and even mutual assistance. The results of original sociological survey of experts working with citizens of the older generation, what opportunities are available to recipients of social services and how these opportunities can be used for the benefit of the older generation and those around them are presented in the paper. Among the most significant resources experts named: personal potential of a person (good character, strong memory, logical thinking, advanced intelligence, sociability, sense of humor, active life position, positive emotional attitude, learning desire, etc.); relatives and their care of the person of the older generation, his ability to be useful to the closest people; psychosomatic capabilities of a person (good health, preserved hearing and vision, mental safety, genetically inherent longevity, the ability to self-service). To activate these and similar resources, experts have proposed such methods as motivation and persuasion, participation of older generation citizens in the activities of the program “Active longevity”, the organization of other activities that allow these people to feel important. Special attention, as many experts believe, should be paid to the involvement of relatives and friends to activate the resources of the recipients of older generation services.

Fractional dynamics and synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators with nonlocal, nonsingular and strong memory

This work deals with the synchronization of fractional order Kuramoto oscillator. The main idea is to prove that, using fractional derivatives we can get synchronization in a Kuramoto system when the critical gain value is under the computed value. The Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative is used to prove the synchronization in a system with 5, 10 and 45 coupled oscillators. The analysis developed in the present work proves that even when we use a lower value of the critical gain, we can get synchronization in some oscillator. We present the numerical solution using the Adams method.

Early Days with the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers: Some Very Selective, Irreverent, and Personal Reminiscences

Early Days with the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers:Some Very Selective, Irreverent, and Personal Reminiscences1 Tom Martinson the day broke clear and cool in Ottawa, Canada, on September 24, 1984. Already, members were discussing and debating points of their research, and soon the annual meeting of the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers (CLAG) would be declared open and another day of camaraderie and confrontation would begin. It was another meeting of old and new friends whose goal was to know and tell more about their twin passions, Geography and Latin America. Little did I know that later that day I would receive the CLAG Award for Exceptional Leadership and Service, and as I sat across the table from presenter Richard Wilkie, Chair of the Honors Committee, I reflected on all the priceless experiences and great friendships that had come my way because of the very people who chose to honor me. It is they, of course, who deserve the honor, for all the years of dedicated service they gave this organization, from the small band of 10 or 15 people gathering in a few planning meetings across the United States to the large and consequential international body it is today. Years ago, Karl Butzer once asked me why I chose to take a service-oriented career path rather than a more traditional one involving research and publication. I didn't have a good answer then; perhaps I can do better now. Relating these reminiscences will help, for my story and CLAG's story are intertwined. I am one of the fortunate few who served from the beginnings of our organization until its maturity. My strongest memories are of the many people, friends, who I came to know through my time in our organization. Long before CLAG and as a high school student in Oregon, I saw and heard of the rise of Fidel Castro in Cuba and the dramatic [End Page 14] changes that followed. I was fortunate enough to have taken two courses in Geography at my high school in Gresham, Oregon, so I saw the implications of this movement and the changes in the wind for Latin America, and I wanted to know more. So, on my first day as a freshman at the University of Oregon, I knocked on the door of the Department of Geography and, as the door opened, I said, "I'm Tom Martinson. I want to major in Geography and study Latin America." After a moment of stunned silence, Gene Martin welcomed me into his office. Lucky me. That first Oregon geographer I metwas to be my friend and mentor for many decades, as he was a Latin Americanist. Gene Martin, master teacher, and Carl Johannessen, master investigator, guided my path through the program at Oregon, where I think I took all the courses for the major as well as some they created for me. After I earned my Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography at Oregon, I was lucky again, for I received a National Defense Education Act fellowship to attend the University of Kansas, where Robert Nunley and John Augelli were developing a core group with Latin American interests. With their assistance I completed my coursework toward the PhD degree and, through the perseverance of Bob Nunley in persuading his dean to part with the money, was able to travel to Latin America for the first time. It was an amazing experience. I was overwhelmed by a firestorm of scenes, smells, and spectacles, stirring all my emotions. I knew I had made the right decision those years ago to study Latin America. As I drove through Mexico and Central America in my Volkswagen Beetle, I began to absorb some of the issues and problems that would pervade my professional life for years to come. But first there were more opportunities back home. I accepted a one-year teaching appointment at the University of Colorado, substituting for Don McPhail, their Latin American geographer, then on leave in Chile. There at the same time was Gary Elbow, finishing his dissertation on Latin America at the University of Pittsburgh. He and I were students together earlier at Oregon, he a graduate...

Multi-scaled drivers of severity patterns vary across land ownerships for the 2013 Rim Fire, California

As the frequency of large, severe fires increases, detecting the drivers of spatial fire severity patterns is key to predicting controls provided by weather, fuels, topography, and management. Identify the biophysical and management drivers of severity patterns and their spatial variability across the 2013 Rim Fire, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Random forest models were developed separately for reburned and fire-excluded (> 80 year) areas within Yosemite National Park (NP) and Stanislaus National Forest (NF). Models included biophysical, past disturbance, and spatial autocorrelation (SA) predictors. Variable importance was assessed globally and locally. Variance partitioning was used to assess pure and shared variance among predictors. High spatial variability in the relative dominance of predictors existed across burn days and between land ownerships. Fire weather was a dominant top-down control during plume-dominated fire spread days. However, bottom-up controls from fuels and topography created local, fine-scale heterogeneity throughout. Reburn severity correlated with previous severity suggesting strong landscape memory, particularly in Yosemite NP. SA analysis showed broad-scale spatial dependencies and high shared variance among predictors. Wildfires are inherently a multi-scaled process. Spatial structure in environmental variables create broad-scale patterns and dependencies among drivers leading to regions of similar fire behavior, while local bottom-up drivers generate fine-scaled heterogeneity. Identifying the conditions under which top-down factors overwhelm bottom-up controls can help managers monitor and manage wildfires to achieve both suppression and restoration goals. Restoration targeting both surface and ladder fuels can mediate future fire severity even under extreme weather conditions.