Strong Memory Research Articles

Memory propagation in barrier discharge at water interface: suspected Markov states and spatiotemporal memory effects

Barrier discharges are known for strong memory effects which shape their stochastic properties. We study memory propagation in a surface barrier discharge operated at the water interface in atmospheric pressure air using electrical measurements and synchronized intensified CCD imaging. Comprehensive electrical data sets of seemingly chaotic behaviour are evaluated from thousands of subsequent periods recorded with high temporal resolution and large dynamic range. We confirm known memory effects and identify new ones both in between the half-periods as well as between subsequent pulses within one half-period. We find two memoryless states for the first discharges in the positive polarity which are defined by the presence/absence of photoemission-induced collective behaviour. Given the determined probability for entering one of these two suspected Markov states, the system bifurcates and follows one of the two subsequent non-Markovian pathways. The identification of the collective behaviour in these pathways enables us to recognize the spatially resolved property of the system and to determine its probability of occurrence, both solely from the zero-dimensional electrical characterisation.

Why Are We so Scent-Imental? Studying Odor-Linked Memories

Memories that are brought on by smells are called odor-linked memories. Odor-linked memories have a large impact on our lives. When these memories are positive, our physical well-being and emotional and mental states improve. Although we often look at pictures to remember the past, odors are actually better at helping us remember. Brain scans show that odors bring on strong memories because of the brain regions that process them. The group of brain areas that are best known for processing emotions, learning, and memory also process odors. When you smell something, to process the smell, your brain uses the same areas that it would use to process emotions and memories. This makes smells great at helping us remember emotional memories! Understanding the effects of odor-linked memories can help us use them to positively affect our daily lives, in both the short-term and the long-term.

Characteristics of the Reminder that Triggers Object Recognition Memory Reconsolidation in Mice

Memories are initially labile and become stable through consolidation. Once consolidated, a memory can be destabilized by a reminder, requiring reconsolidation to become stable again. Memory reconsolidation has been evidenced in several learning tasks, including novel object recognition (NOR). But the features of the reminder that trigger memory destabilization and reconsolidation in this task are poorly characterized. Memory reconsolidation can be evidenced by delivering either an amnesic agent or a memory enhancer after reactivation and testing the resulting long-term memory alteration. Here we trained male mice for 15 min to induce a strong memory formation. Sulfasalazine, a specific inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, was administered as an amnesic agent in the dorsal hippocampus. NF-κB is a key transcription factor required for consolidation and reconsolidation. We found that reconsolidation was induced when animals were re-exposed for 5 min to a combination of novel and familiar objects, but not to either two familiar or two novel objects. No destabilization was induced by re-exposure to the context without objects. Re-exposure to a combination of novel and familiar objects induced destabilization with a reactivation session as brief as 1 min. One minute of training induced a weak memory that could be enhanced by sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), after 1 min of re-exposure. Histone acetylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in gene expression regulation which positively correlates with memory. Thus, in this study we have performed an accurate characterization of the features of the reminder effective in triggering hippocampal NF-κB-dependent reconsolidation.

Strong memory effect in higher α-olefin homopolymers with crystalline side chains

The homopolymers of higher α-olefins with 12–20 carbon atoms were successfully synthesized using the dimethylpyridylamidohafnium/organoboron catalyst. With these model samples, the relationship between crystallization and chain topology were investigated employing the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The DSC results show that for these homopolymers of higher α-olefins, the crystallization temperature is significantly elevated with increasing the length of side chains. The WAXD evidences demonstrate that cooling crystallization of these homopolymers at 10 °C/min can form the Type ІІ crystallites with zigzag arrangement of side chains. Interestingly, these higher α-olefin homopolymers exhibit the strong memory effect of crystallization, where the accelerated crystallization of poly(1-hexadecene) was observed after annealing at the elevated temperature up to 70 °C higher than melting range. Quantitatively, the temperature width of memory Domain II changes in a bell type with increasing side-chain length, where poly(1-hexadecene) shows the largest Domain II width of 74 °C. However, the strong memory effect beyond the melting range that is observed for the Type ІІ crystallites, is absent in Type І crystallites packed by the main chains, as demonstrated by the results of poly(1-tetradecene). Moreover, it was found that this memory effect of Type II crystallites is stable and independent on the annealing time.

Combination cancer immunotherapy targeting TNFR2 and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling reduces immunosuppressive effects in the microenvironment of pancreatic tumors

BackgroundsIn advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), immune therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, has limited efficacy, encouraging the study of combination therapy.MethodsTumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) was analyzed via immunohistochemistry,...

Towards improving coherence and diversity of slogan generation

AbstractPreviouswork in slogan generation focused on utilising slogan skeletons mined from existing slogans. While some generated slogans can be catchy, they are often not coherent with the company’s focus or style across their marketing communications because the skeletons are mined from other companies’ slogans. We propose a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) Transformer model to generate slogans from a brief company description. A naïve seq2seq model fine-tuned for slogan generation is prone to introducing false information. We use company name delexicalisation and entity masking to alleviate this problem and improve the generated slogans’ quality and truthfulness. Furthermore, we apply conditional training based on the first words’ part-of-speech tag to generate syntactically diverse slogans. Our best model achieved a ROUGE-1/-2/-L $\mathrm{F}_1$ score of 35.58/18.47/33.32. Besides, automatic and human evaluations indicate that our method generates significantly more factual, diverse and catchy slogans than strong long short-term memory and Transformer seq2seq baselines.

Parallel architecture of CNN‐bidirectional LSTMs for implied volatility forecast

AbstractWe propose a new forecast method based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), ensemble CNN‐BiLSTM, which is an ensemble of three CNN‐BiLSTMs constructed with the combination of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (BiLSTM). The new forecast method effectively handles the strong long memory serial dependence feature of the daily VXN by the ensemble CNN‐BiLSTM together with proper normalization and batch size. The long memory features arising from time‐dependent mean and variance are largely reduced by normalizing the data with local mean and local standard deviation (SD). The batch size is determined by the optimal block length of the moving block bootstrap which reflects the long memory. The ensemble CNN‐BiLSTM concentrates on 1‐day, 1‐week, and 2‐week features of the normalized VXN data. An out‐of‐sample forecast comparison reveals that (i) the proposed ensemble CNN‐BiLSTM has better forecast performance than the autoregressive model, DNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and individual CNN‐BiLSTMs; (ii) the local mean‐SD normalization has superior forecast performance to the standard global mean‐SD normalization; (iii) and the optimal block length improves the forecast performance over a batch size considered in the literature.

Air crews’ mindfulness experiences: destination memories

PurposeAirlines play a significant role in the international tourism system, yet research on airlines, notably air crew, is scant. Given the frequency with which air crew travel to destinations, understanding of their memories and experiences can have significant insights for destination marketing and management. Destination marketers could look at using air crew as marketing mediums or as potential customers. This study aims to understand the memories and experiences of air crew in destinations and the factors that influence them.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods survey was designed and distributed to 236 air crew of a Middle Eastern airline to explore what they remembered of destinations they visited what helped and hindered their ability to remember. The survey also assessed participants self-reported degree of mindfulness.FindingsResults suggested that air crew determined themselves as mindful and had strong memories of the destination. Several notable hindrances were reported relating to their job; fatigue, short layovers and number of flights.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is the relatively limited depth with which participants described their experiences. The results from the study add insight to tourism businesses and governments for considering air crew or leveraging air crew as marketing mediums. The generalisability and applicability of mindfulness in other contexts have been offered.Originality/valueLittle research has explored the experiences or memories of air crew nor the relation of mindfulness to service providers. This research is among the first to address this gap to add theoretical and practical insight to this area.

KCTD8 and KCTD12 Facilitate Axonal Expression of GABAB Receptors in Habenula Cholinergic Neurons.

GABAB receptors in habenula cholinergic neurons mediate strong presynaptic excitation and control aversive memory expression. K+ channel tetramerization domain (KCTD) proteins are key interacting partners of GABAB receptors; it remains unclear whether and how KCTDs contribute to GABAB excitatory signaling. Here, we show that KCTD8 and KCTD12 in these neurons facilitate the GABAB receptors expression in axonal terminals and contribute to presynaptic excitation by GABAB receptors. Genetically knocking out KCTD8/12/16 or KCTD8/12, but not other combinations of the three KCTD isoforms, substantially reduced GABAB receptors-mediated potentiation of glutamate release and presynaptic Ca2+ entry in response to axonal stimulation, whereas they had no effect on GABAB-mediated inhibition in the somata of cholinergic neurons within the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in mice of either sex. The physiological phenotypes were associated with a significant decrease in the GABAB expression within the axonal terminals but not the somata. Overexpressing either KCTD8 or KCTD12 in the KCTD8/12/16 triple knock-out mice reversed the changes in axonal GABAB expression and presynaptic excitation. In mice lacking the KCTDs, aversion-predicting cues produced stronger neuronal activation in the interpeduncular nucleus, and the infusion of GABAB agonist in this nucleus produced a weaker effect on fear extinction. Collectively, our results reveal isoform-specific roles of KCTD proteins in enriching the axonal expression of GABAB receptors, facilitating their presynaptic signaling, and modulating aversion-related memory processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GABAB receptors represent the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor, but they mediate strong presynaptic excitation in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway and modulate aversion memory expression. KCTD proteins are integral constituents of GABAB receptors. By analyzing the physiological, neuroanatomical, and behavioral phenotypes of multiple KCTD knock-out mouse lines, we show that KCTD8 and KCTD12 facilitate the axonal expression and hence presynaptic excitation of GABAB receptors in habenula cholinergic neurons and control cued-aversion memory formation and expression in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway. These results expand the physiological and behavioral functions of KCTDs in modulating the brain neural circuits.

Epigenetic memory effects in Norway spruce: are they present after the age of two years?

ABSTRACT Short-term trials on cultivated soil were planted with families of Norway spruce that had shown epigenetic memory effects in early tests up to age two years. Measurements and assessments were made of phenology traits, tree heights and stem defects until age 16 years in these trials. The memory effects of the temperature conditions during embryo development and seed maturation were confirmed for the timing of bud flush and for start and cessation of shoot elongation at age six years. The mean differences in timing of these events caused by temperature treatments were on average less than two days. They were considerably larger for families with strong effects on terminal bud set at the end of the first growing season. The memory effects did not result in a prolonged shoot growth period, nor did they affect height growth. Interaction effects expressed in adaptive traits between factorial treatments of temperature and daylength during seed production were large in the short-term trial and were still present at age nine years. The results presented demonstrate that strong memory effects observed in early tests may also be expressed in phenology traits for at least the next five growing seasons.

One Hundred Years: A Timeline of the Newbery Medal

The history of the Newbery Medal is tied to the history of contemporary American children’s literature. A little over a hundred years ago, there was a perfect storm of children’s book-related firsts that created the fertile ground in which the Newbery took root and grew.Over the first several decades, changes in Newbery Committee composition and the selection process were made frequently. Until the mid-1970s, members of the ALSC leadership were actively involved in the award committee process itself, which allowed for continual finessing of the terms and procedures, as well as a strong institutional memory. Once the joint Newbery-Caldecott Committee separated into two different award committees in 1979 and, for the most part, began to function independently from the ALSC leadership, few changes have been made to the terms, procedures, or committee structure.

Design and Implementation of a Novel Intelligent Strategy for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Emulation

In this paper, an intelligent neural network‐based controller is designed and implemented to control the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the exact mathematical model of PMSM is presented, and then, by designing a controller, we apply the wind turbine emulation challenges. The designed controller for the first time is implemented on a Arm Cortex‐M microcontroller and tested on a laboratory PMSM. Since online learning neural network on a chip requires a strong processor, high memory, and convergence guarantee, this article uses the offline method. In this method, first, for different work points, the neural network is trained by local controllers, and then, the trained network is implemented on the chip and used. Uncertainty in the parameters and the effect of load torque as challenges of control systems are applied in the proposed method, and a comparison with other methods is performed in the implementation results section.

Faster and more precise isotopic water analysis of discrete samples by predicting the repetitions’ asymptote instead of averaging last values

Water stable isotope analysis using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) has a strong between-sample memory effect. The classic approach to correct this memory effect is to inject the sample at least 6 times and ignore the first two to three injections. The average of the remaining injections is then used as measured value. This is in many cases insufficient to completely compensate the memory effect. We propose a simple approach to correct this memory effect by predicting the asymptote of consecutive repeated injections instead of averaging over them. The asymptote is predicted by fitting a y=ax+b relation to the sample repetitions and keeping b as measured value. This allows to save analysis time by doing less injections while gaining precision. We provide a Python program applying this method and describe the steps necessary to implement this method in any other programming language. We also show validation data comparing this method to the classical method of averaging over the last couple of injections. The validation suggests a gain in time of a factor two while gaining in precision at the same time. The method does not have any specific requirements for the order of analysis and can therefore also be applied to an existing set of analyzes in retrospect.•We fit a simple y=ax+b relation to the sample repetitions of Picarro L2130-i isotopic water analyzer, in order to keep the asymptote (b) as measured value instead of using the average over the last couple of measurements.•This allows a higher precision in the measured value with less repetitions of the injection saving precious time during analysis.•We provide a sample code using Python, but generally this method is easy to implement in any automated data treatment protocol.

Study on Deep Learning Model for Online Estimation of Chlorophyll Content Based on Near Ground Multispectral Feature Bands

Chlorophyll content of plant leaves is an essential indicator of crop growth status. This study is focused on the nondestructive estimation of the chlorophyll content of maize using near ground multispectral data. We propose a one-dimensional convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit (1-D-CNN-GRU). That is, it combines a 1D-CNN with strong feature expression capacity and strong memory capacity with the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network to estimate of the chlorophyll content of maize directly from multispectral images. Furthermore, the iteratively retaining informative variables-successive projections algorithm (IRIV-SPA) is first used to select the feature wavebands from the 11 available wavebands of two datasets in the experiment. The experimental results show that the selected feature wavebands have more accuracy than the raw wavebands when using the same model; based on these feature wavebands, the 1D-CNN-GRU model has smaller errors than the other conventional models such as support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF), with an MRE of 0.069, RMSE of 3.473 on Datasets I, and an MRE of 0.108, RMSE of 7.568 on Datasets II. Meanwhile, the real-time performance is also validated in the experiment. These investigations can provide a valuable guidance for online monitoring chlorophyll content of crops such as maize etc., based on near ground multispectral band data processing for developing smart agricultural system.

Aetiology and Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Injuries during the Stay-At-Home Period Due To the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Single Center Study.

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the effects of implemented social and public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries.Material and MethodsA retrospective chart review of all the patients who had sustained maxillofacial injuries and presented to the emergency department of Strong Memorial Hospital between March 20th and June 24th, 2019 and 2020, were included in our study. The total study sample comprised of 335 patients (n = 140 in 2019 group, n = 195 in 2020 group). The primary outcome variables of the study were the number of cases and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and two sample t-tests.ResultsThe number of patients in the 2020 group was higher (n = 195) than the number of patients in the 2019 group (n = 140). Comparatively, there was an increase in the maxillofacial injuries during the stay-at-home period by (n = 55 [39.29%]). Although not statistically significant, the aetiology of injuries differed during the stay-at-home period compared to the normal times.ConclusionsThe number of maxillofacial injuries increased during the period of implemented social and public health measures during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such knowledge can provide valuable information for the establishment of prevention programs and effective health policies and help in the decision-making process pertaining to resource allocation in a dire situation of the pandemic.

Comparison of Pre-determined Question Paper with Take Home Question Paper to Evaluate the Efficacy of Writing Skill in Final BDS Student

Background: Exams have always been a trigger point of stress and anxiety in a large population of students irrespective to their field of study. An effort should be put to make exams a source of learning rather than a mental trauma. Apart from just securing high scores, exams has a paramount advantages. Exams aid in strong memory confidence, practical implications competitive Spiritand time management. This would definitely contributes to the overall development of an individual’s personality. Therefore, with this hypothesis the current study will be conducted.
 Study Design: Cross- sectional observational Study.
 Methodology: A total of 100 Final BDS students will be randomly divided into two groups equally. Each group will be including 50 students. Group A will be given Take home exam to write and Group B will be given pre-determined question paper. Students will be asked to solve the given paper in 3 hours. The answer papers will be then evaluated by subject expert. The writing skill would be analysed based on the check list created. At the end of every month feedback will collected by all the students. At the end of the academic year the performances of both the group will evaluated in final university exam. Soon after the writing the paper feedback will be collected
 Expected Outcome: At the end of academic session pre-determined question paper (Group B) might be giving better outcome in terms of improved writing skills and feedback from students.
 Conclusion: Pre-determined question paper (Group B) might be helpful for Final BDS students to improve writing exam skills.

Strong nonexponential relaxation and memory effects in a fluid with nonlinear drag.

We analyze the dynamical evolution of a fluid with nonlinear drag, for which binary collisions are elastic, described at the kinetic level by the Enskog-Fokker-Planck equation. This model system, rooted in the theory of nonlinear Brownian motion, displays a really complex behavior when quenched to low temperatures. Its glassy response is controlled by a long-lived nonequilibrium state, independent of the degree of nonlinearity and also of the Brownian-Brownian collisions rate. The latter property entails that this behavior persists in the collisionless case, where the fluid is described by the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. The observed response, which includes nonexponential, algebraic, relaxation, and strong memory effects, presents scaling properties: the time evolution of the temperature-for both relaxation and memory effects-falls onto a master curve, regardless of the details of the experiment. To account for the observed behavior in simulations, it is necessary to develop an extended Sonine approximation for the kinetic equation-which considers not only the fourth cumulant but also the sixth one.

Kecerdasan Spritual dan Emosional dalam Pendidikan Tahfizd Al-Qur’an

In Tahfiz Al-Qur’an education, education should have a very complex concept and require a variety of approaches, techniques and the required intelligence. Through a theoretical approach with a qualitative descriptive analytical method with the concept of library research. The author tries to examine books, journals, to get information related to the issues discussed, especially to describe the theoretical studies that have been determined.The result is that the memorizers of AlAl-Qur’an who have practiced Akhlaqul Karimah are aware that they are able to face all kinds of problems that exist very easily. This is because the level of spiritual and emotional intelligence has exceeded the standard of ordinary humans (non-memorizers of Al-Qur’an). This is one part of the miracle of the Qur'an that the long process of memorizing Al-Al-Qur’an is able to make the memorizer have intelligence and a strong memory if in the science of hadith it is referred to as dha> bit and tsiqah. In the end, spiritual and emotional intelligence in the education of Tahfiz al-AlQur’an is a unity that needs each other and is very closely related, and even has a high significance. 

Tailoring Chemoimmunostimulant Bioscaffolds for Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis after Incomplete Microwave Ablation.

Microwave ablation has attracted the most attention as a locoregional therapeutic method for solid neoplasms. However, the high incidence of incomplete ablation that could promote the rapid cancer progression still remains a challenge in clinic. Herein, we found that the high invasiveness of residual tumor following incomplete microwave ablation (iMWA) is mainly due to the myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. Accordingly, we develop a biohydrogel scaffold-enabled chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy by targeting myeloid cells with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) inhibitor (IPI549) to synergize with immunostimulatory chemotherapy (Oxaliplatin, OX) for post-ablative cancer therapy. With several tumor mouse models, we reveal that OX&IPI549@Gel-based localized chemoimmunotherapy can substantially suppress the growth of tumor post-iMWA, simultaneously evoke robust systemic anticancer immunity to inhibit metastatic spread, and offer strong long-term immunological memory functions against tumor rechallenge. Besides, this work proposes a potential opportunity for precision medicine by utilizing a mechanism-based rationale to the adoption of our pre-existing arsenal of anticancer immunotherapeutic schedule.

Muscarinic (M1 ) cholinergic receptor activation within the dorsal hippocampus promotes destabilization of strongly encoded object location memories.

Following the initial consolidation process, memories can become reactivated by exposure to a reminder of the original learning event. This can lead to the memory becoming destabilized and vulnerable to disruption or other forms of modification. The memory must then undergo the protein-synthesis dependent process of reconsolidation in order to be retained. However, older and/or stronger memories resist destabilization, but can become labile when reactivated in the presence of salient novelty. We have implicated the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acting at M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) within perirhinal cortex (PRh), in novelty-induced destabilization of remote object memories. It remains unclear, however, whether mAChRs are involved in destabilization of other forms of memory. We hypothesized that the role of M1 mAChRs previously demonstrated for PRh-dependent object memory would extend to hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Using the object location (OL) task, which relies on the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), we showed that (a) reactivation-dependent reconsolidation of OL memories requires protein synthesis within the dHPC; (b) destabilization of relatively weak OL memories depends on M1 mAChR activation within the dHPC; (c) salient novelty during reactivation promotes destabilization of resistant strongly encoded OL memories; (d) novelty-induced destabilization of strong OL memories requires activation of mAChRs within the dHPC; and (e) M1 mAChR activation within the dHPC in the absence of novelty during memory reactivation mimics the effect of novelty, destabilizing strongly encoded OL memories. These results implicate ACh acting at M1 mAChRs in the destabilization of dHPC-dependent spatial memories, demonstrating generalizability of this cholinergic function beyond memory for object identity. These findings therefore enhance our understanding of the dynamics of long-term memory storage and suggest implications for the treatment of human conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and aging, which are characterized by behavioral and mnemonic inflexibility.