Effect Of Strong Electric Field Research Articles

A tunable broadband absorber in the terahertz band based on the proportional structure of a single layer of graphene

This paper presents a novel graphene-based proportional structure for a tunable wideband absorber in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. In order to achieve the ideal design structure, we make the distance between the top graphene structure and the periodic edge remains proportional, enabling excellent absorption with an absorption rate exceeding 90 % within the frequency range of 3.1–6.97 (3.87)THz. Notably, a perfect absorption is achieved at f = 6.5 THz. At f = 4.2 THz, the absorption rate is close to 97 %, and at f = 5.2 THz, the absorption rate is about 91 %. The average absorption rate is 94.6 % in the range of 3.1–6.97 THz. The absorber's impedance is calculated to demonstrate its favorable absorption band. Furthermore, an analysis of the electric field within the absorber reveals the coupling effect of strong electric fields between different regions, leading to the overlapping of absorption peaks and the formation of a wideband response. This allows us to choose regions to combine according to the needs of the application. By adjusting the parameters of the absorber, it exhibits coordinated performance and manufacturing tolerance. Additionally, the absorber shows a certain degree of tolerance to the incident angle of electromagnetic waves. These findings highlight the potential applications of this absorber in optoelectronic devices, THz detection, and stealth technology.

The effect of strong electric fields in acetonitrile-water mixtures

Electrolyte-free electrolysis fuel cells are central to a sustainable futurewith clean water. With growing industrial development, for example, toxic heavymetals, radioactive ions, and inorganic compounds are increasingly discharged intothe environment and our sources of drinking water. In novel cutting-edge developedelectrolysis fuel cells [1] the case of electrolyte-free electrolysis has been observed formixtures of water and acetonitrile. These high modular flow cells of electro organicsynthesis are very promising for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticallyactive agents. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluatethe effect of electric fields on electrolysis cells. Especially in the case of acetonitrileand water mixtures, we have focused on understanding by atomistic simulations theexistence of the electrical conductance and how this can be described on larger scales.

Effects of strong electric field and solvation on the excitation process of mineral oil molecules

Studying the excitation process of mineral oil molecules under the influence of electric fields and different environments is crucial for understanding the development of insulating oil streamer discharge at the atomic scale. In this paper, based on density functional theory, quantitative characteristic descriptors, hole-electron distribution, and transition density matrix (TDM) analysis, the excitation energies of the first five excited states are used to analyse the excitation process of mineral oil molecules under various conditions. The results obtained under four different electric field strengths (0, 0.0001 a.u., 0.001 a.u. and 0.01 a.u.) and three different environments (vacuum, mineral oil, and natural ester) are compared. The results show that for electric field strengths ranging from 0 to 0.001 a.u., the excitation types of the three mineral oil molecules are localized excitations. However, when the electric field intensity reaches 0.01 a.u., the excitation type of mineral oil molecules changes to charge transfer excitation due to the strong electric field. There are significant differences in the positions of holes and electrons in the excitation processes of the mineral oil molecules under different conditions. While the excitation process of chain hydrocarbon molecules under vacuum and in solution exhibits some differences, the excitation processes of dicycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons are not affected by environmental factors. The electronic transitions in the excitation process of chain hydrocarbons and dicycloalkanes are sigma->sigma* transition processes, whereas in aromatic hydrocarbons, it is primarily pi->pi* transition processes. Compared to pi orbitals, sigma orbitals are lower energy empty orbitals, and sigma* orbitals are higher energy empty orbitals. As a result, the excitation energies of the chain hydrocarbons and dicycloalkanes are higher than that of aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, a strong electric field changes the excitation type of mineral oil molecules, accompanied by a significant decrease in their excitation energy. The selection of insulating oil molecules, whose excitation process is sigma->sigma* or modifying the transition mode of electrons in the excitation process through doping and modification, is an important approach to improve the excitation energy of insulating oil. The findings of this research have the potential to enhance our understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that influence the development of streamer discharge in liquid insulating materials.

Design of graphene spin beam splitter based on Brewster’s law

Spin beam splitter is one of the building blocks of graphene spintronics. Here, we adopt the concept of electron optics and design a new type of spin beam splitter by analogy with Brewster’s law. The device is a pristine/ferromagnetic/pristine (P/M/P) graphene junction, where the M region is formed by a proximity effect of ferromagnetic insulators, such as EuO, and acts as an “optically thinner medium” relative to the P region. It is found that, when standing waves are formed in the M region with a length of integral multiple of the half longitudinal wavelength of electrons, electrons with the corresponding spin can pass completely through the junction and only electrons with the other spin are reflected by the P/M interface. This manifests Brewster’s law and a spin beam splitter. It is also demonstrated that, due to the strong electric field effect of graphene, the Brewster angles for both spins can be monotonically modulated by a gate voltage in the M region in the whole range of − π / 2 to π / 2. Thus, our proposed spin beam splitter is not only an easily implemented and widely tunable build block for spintronics but also an interesting demonstration of electron optics.

Plasma poration: Transdermal electric fields, conduction currents, and reactive species transport.

Radical species and electric fields produced by gas plasmas are increasingly used in dermatology. Plasma-poration is the key basis for the efficient plasma skin treatment, which involves the plasma electric field, the directional motion of charged particles, and the transport of reactive particles. However, the enabling mechanisms of the plasma-poration remain unclear and require urgent attention. Here, the plasma-induced electric fields in each skin layer are accurately measured for the first time. The maximum electric field in the stratum corneum is 43kV/cm, while the electric field in the active epidermis and dermis is about 1.8kV/cm. This electric field strength is in the range of strength required for electroporation. Different from traditional electroporation treatments, the plasma-poration mainly relies on the effects of strong electric fields and the conductive current. The active power of the plasma-poration up to 18.5kW/cm3 in the stratum corneum can rapidly change the structure of the skin. At the same time, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species also pass through the stratum corneum and effectively interact with the skin tissue. The plasma-poration does not cause any pain, which is an inevitable side effect of common electroporation.

Electric field induced migration of native point defects in Ga2O3 devices

While the properties of β-Ga2O3 continue to be extensively studied for high-power applications, the effects of strong electric fields on the Ga2O3 microstructure and, in particular, the impact of electrically active native point defects have been relatively unexplored. We used cathodoluminescence point spectra and hyperspectral imaging to explore possible nanoscale movements of electrically charged defects in Ga2O3 vertical trench power diodes and observed the spatial rearrangement of optically active defects under strong reverse bias. These observations suggest an unequal migration of donor-related defects in β-Ga2O3 due to the applied electric field. The atomic rearrangement and possible local doping changes under extreme electric fields in β-Ga2O3 demonstrate the potential impact of nanoscale device geometry in other high-power semiconductor devices.

Improving the purification of aqueous solutions by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma; a systematic review.

Treatment with non-thermal plasma is a reliable technology to oxidize chemical impurities that exist inpolluted water, wastewater, and leachate, those degradation-resistant and cannot be removed by conventional treatment methods. In this study, the effective factors affecting in the formation ofreactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma treatment process, as a new advanced oxidation process method explianed. In this manner, all associated manuscripts existed in the main databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Open Access Journal Directory from 1990 until 2022 were explored. The utilized keywords were involved non-thermal plasma, Cold plasma, Measurement, •OH, O3 and UV. Overall, 8,813 articles were gathered and based on the relevance titles and abstracts, 18 paper were selected for further reviewing. In several studies, plasma techniques have been used to treat water, wastewater and leachate, but few studies have evaluated the factors influencing the production of ROS species by non-thermal plasma. The non-thermal plasma destroys pollutants by reactive free radicals spices (hydroxyl, hydrogen atoms, etc.) a combination effect of strong electric fields, energetically charged particles, and ultrasound. Some factors such as water vapor, hydraulic retention time, inter-electrode spacing, discharge power density, and aeration of the effluent as well as use of catalyst have direct effect on the reactive oxygen species formation. If these factors controlled within the best ranges, it will promote the oxidizing radical production and system performance. Also, high-energy electrons and oxidizing species produced in the cold plasma system can well degrade most of pollution in water and wastewater.

Degradation and Breakdown of Polymer/Graphene Composites under Strong Electric Field

In this work, we study the effect of strong electric fields on a polymer/graphene composite and the resulting morphology upon its dielectric breakdown. Our model system was produced by compounding up to 0.25 wt % graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) into poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), which is a soft polymer with low melt viscosity. A strong electric field of up to 400 Vrms/mm was applied to the EVA/GNP composite in the melt. The sample’s resistance over the electric field application was simultaneously measured. Despite the low GNP loading, which was below the theoretical percolation threshold, the electric conductivity of the composite during electric field application dramatically increased to >10−6 S/cm over 5 min of electric field application before reaching the current limit of the experimental apparatus. Conductivity growth follows the same scaling relationship of the theoretical model that predicts the rotation and translation time of GNPs in a polymer melt as a function of electric field strength. Since no significant GNP alignment in the composite was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we hypothesized that the increase in electrical conductivity was due to local electrical treeing of the polymer matrix, which eventually leads to dielectric breakdown of the composite. Electrical treeing is likely initiated by local GNP agglomerates and propagated through conductive channels formed during progressive dielectric breakdown.

Turning built-in electric field of porphyrin on Ti3+ self-doped blue-TiO2 hollow nanospheres boosts peroxidase-like activity for high-performance biosensing

The four well-designed porphyrins are synthesized with different electronegativity groups at the meso-substituted phenyl groups to turn the built-in electric field of the porphyrins. Among them, the meso-tetrakis(meta-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (mTHPP) with the largest diploes is revealed to form the strongest built-in electric field on the surface of Ti3+ self-doped blue TiO2 hollow nanospheres (b-TiO2). The b-TiO2 with Fenton-like activity couple mTHPP with a mass ration (the mass of mTHPP to the total sample mass) of 29% by stable hydrogen and electrostatic bonding, resulting in b-TiO2/29mTHPP. A synergistic effect of strong built-in electric field and the well-matching energy levels between mTHPP and b-TiO2 promotes the rapid multi-channel transmission of photo-generated electrons from mTHPP to b-TiO2. Consequently, the outstanding peroxidase (POD) -like activity achieved for b-TiO2/29mTHPP with the fast oxidation of TMB (3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine) by H2O2 to form the blue product (oxTMB) only in 10 s under visible light. Furthermore, the b-TiO2/29mTHPP combined with cholesterol oxidase (Chox) can quantitatively determine cholesterol in the range of 0.005–10 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 μM within 1 min. The present sensing performance represents one of the best results for the cholesterol colorimetric sensor reported so far. Furthermore, this colorimetric biosensor has been used for accurately determining the levels of total cholesterol in serum samples, indicating the great potential in clinical medical detection. The present work provides new perspectives to design various POD-like nanozyme for biosensing applications.

Anchoring CuFe2O4 nanoparticles into N-doped carbon nanosheets for peroxymonosulfate activation: Built-in electric field dominated radical and non-radical process

Radical and non-radical dominated PMS activation has been widely researched, but the driving force of this process is not well understood. Herein, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CFONC-2) was prepared for investigation. Experimental results and DFT calculations indicate that a built-in electric field (BIEF) is formed between CuFe2O4 and N-doped carbon nanosheets, which is proposed as the driving force to adjust the electron transfer for triggering radical and non-radical pathway. Specifically, Cu+/Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycles are regarded to be the dominant catalytic sites for radical generation (SO4•–, HO• and •O2–). Whereas graphitic N, sp2-hybridized structure, as well as C = O functional group are main active sites for non-radical production (1O2 and direct electron transfer process). Under the radical and non-radical processes dominated by BIEF, the CFONC-2/PMS system exhibits excellent removal performance of levofloxacin (LVFX), where 84.87% of LVFX is removed in 90 min. This work offers a feasible strategy for designing metallic oxides-carbon catalyst with strong electric field effect to satisfy the charge transfer in PMS catalytic reaction.

Effect of strong electric field on heat transfer enhancement in a mini channel containing Al2O3/oil nanofluid

The present work aims to investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop of Alumina/oil nanofluid flow in a miniaturized square channel in the presence of strong DC electric fields. The high voltage was applied using a thin wire on top of the channel. The bottom of the channel was used as both a ground electrode and a heated surface. Results showed that increasing particle concentration caused heat transfer augmentation for all Reynolds numbers. Applying a strong electric potential of 15.51 kV resulted in considerable heat transfer enhancement of 52% for the nanofluid with 0.3% volume fraction, at the Reynolds number of 7. This considerable enhancement can be attributed to the formation of the ion injection-based secondary flows and motion of the particles. The generated secondary flow disrupts the boundary layer and increases the heat absorption from the heated surface. The experiments were confined to the volume fraction of 0.3% since the rapid agglomeration of particles occurred on electrode and walls at the volume fraction of 0.5%.

Separation and extraction of non-thermal effects of strong microwave electric field on dielectric properties of materials based on time modulation and cavity perturbation method

The influence of strong microwave electric field (SMEF) on the dielectric properties of materials is the result of the joint action of microwave thermal effect and microwave non-thermal effect. Generally, the thermal effect of SMEF is stronger than the non-thermal effect, which makes the non-thermal effect of SMEF difficult to detect. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish the influence of these two factors from each other. Therefore, the formation mechanism and characteristics of the non-thermal effect of SMEF have not been elucidated so far. In this paper, a separation and extraction model of the non-thermal effect of SMEF on the dielectric property of material is proposed based on the time modulation method and cavity perturbation method. By adjusting the interaction time between SMEF and materials, reducing the influence of microwave thermal effect, and strengthening the proportion of microwave non-thermal effect, the separation and extraction of the non-thermal effect of SMEF is realized. Through the designed re-entrant coaxial cavity, the corresponding test system is constructed and the typical materials are tested. Experimental results show that the proposed research method is feasible. The research method proposed in this paper provides an effective way for the follow-up study on the formation mechanism and characteristics of the non-thermal effect of SMEF on the dielectric properties of materials.

First-principles calculations of steady-state voltage-controlled magnetism: Application to x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments

Recent x-ray absorption experiments have demonstrated the possibility to accurately monitor the magnetism of metallic hetero-structures controlled via a time-independent perturbation caused for example by a static electric field. Using a first-principles, non-equilibrium Green function scheme, we show how the measured dichroic signal for the corresponding steady-state situation can be related to the underlying electronic structure and its response to the external stimulus. The suggested approach works from the infinitesimal limit of linear response to the regime of strong electric field effects, which is realized in present experimental high sensitivity investigations.

From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry-A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future.

The discovery of the ionizing effect of strong electric fields in the order of volts per Ångstrom in the early 1950s eventually led to the development of field ionization-mass spectrometry (FI-MS). Due to the very low ion currents, and thus, limited by the instrumentation of the 1960s, it took some time for the, by then, new technique to become adopted for analytical applications. In FI-MS, volatile or at least vaporizable samples mainly deliver molecular ions, and consequently, mass spectra showing no or at least minor numbers of fragment ion signals. The next major breakthrough was achieved by overcoming the need to evaporate the analyte prior to ionization. This was accomplished in the early 1970s by simply depositing the samples onto the field emitter and led to field desorption-mass spectrometry (FD-MS). With FD-MS, a desorption ionization method had become available that paved the road to the mass spectral analysis of larger molecules of low to high polarity and even of organic salts. In FD-MS, all of these analytes deliver spectra with no or at least few fragment ion peaks. The last milestone was the development of liquid injection field desorption/ionization (LIFDI) in the early 2000s that allows for sample deposition under the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen and water. In addition to sampling under inert conditions, LIFDI also enables more robust and quicker operation than classical FI-MS and FD-MS procedures. The development and applications of FI, FD, and LIFDI had mutual interference with the mass analyzers that were used in combination with these methods. Vice versa, the demand for using these techniques on other than magnetic sector instruments has effectuated their adaptation to different types of modern mass analyzers. The journey started with magnetic sector instruments, almost skipped quadrupole analyzers, encompassed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oaTOF) analyzers, and finally arrived at Orbitraps. Even interfaces for continuous-flow LIFDI have been realized. Even though being niche techniques to some degree, one may be confident that FI, FD, and LIFDI have a promising future ahead of them. This Account takes you on the journey from principles and applications of the title methods to a glimpse into the future.

A comprehensive mathematical model of water splitting in bipolar membranes: Impact of the spatial distribution of fixed charges and catalyst at bipolar junction

Bipolar ion-exchange membranes (BPM) have a long history and many uses. Still, the number of applications continues to grow every year, as does the interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of ion transport and water splitting. We reconsider the existing theoretical background for the BPMs and propose a one-dimensional stationary model. For the first time, the Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations are coupled with the equations, which locally describe the water splitting kinetics. The catalytic effects exerted by the functional groups and the catalyst (if present), the protonation-deprotonation reactions of these groups as well as the effect of strong electric field (the second Wien effect) are taken into account when describing the reverse-bias mode. The effective rate constant of water splitting occurring in the absence of electric field is determined from the acid dissociation constants (Ka). The concentration profiles, the thickness of the reaction zone and space charge region (SCR) are simulated and analyzed. The results of numerical computation are compared with the known analytical estimations. Thus, the basic assumptions of the theory of BPMs are examined, and the conditions under which these assumptions are valid or not are found. Current-voltage curves and partial currents are calculated and compared with experimental data. The occurrence of two limiting currents at pKa close to 7 is predicted due to current-induced membrane discharge. According to simulations, any increase in the SCR thickness leads to a decrease of the water spitting rate at a fixed voltage due to a decrease in the second Wien effect. A very thin (about 4 nm) catalytic layer within the bipolar junction is sufficient to obtain 100 mA cm−2 current density at 1 V even when the anion-exchange and cation-exchange membrane layers do not contain catalytically active functional groups.

Effect of Strong Electric Fields on Material Responses: The Bloch Oscillation Resonance in High Field Conductivities.

In this paper, we investigated the effect of strong electric fields on material responses and the Bloch oscillation resonance in high field conductivities. For this purpose, a high-order accurate explicit modal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solver is employed for solving the quantum Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the context of electron transport at nanoscales under strongly out-of-equilibrium conditions. Here, we study the transient behavior and the convergence of a steady-state response to an external oscillating electric field switched on at time zero. We first benchmark our numerical results with known analytic steady-state responses at low fields. The computational results show that the present DG scheme is in excellent agreement with analytic solutions over the whole range of parameters and to an extremely high precision, allowing us to achieve good agreement even for the fifth-order response at low fields. We then extend the method to strong electric fields and show how the responses are deviated from the low-field ones and the transition to a dampened Bloch oscillation regime. Most importantly, we report the observation of a new regime induced by the resonance between the standard low-field response and Bloch oscillations.

Relaxation Processes in Submicron Heterotransistors with a System of Quantum Wells

The analysis of relaxation processes in submicrometer heterostructure transistors with the system of quantum walls is investigated. The methods of nano heterostructure design are developed including quantum effects and specific for ternary alloys scattering mechanism. Modeling based on the relaxation equations system for submicrometer heterostructures with quantum walls is fulfilled.The optical, acoustic, intervalley and doping scattering mechanisms is considered. New approach allows to study the influence of alloy scattering as well as. The relaxation times are expected for scattering mechanisms and the influence on field-speed and output characteristics of submicrometer heterostructure transistor are estimated.The modeling results take into account influence of casual fluctuations of the molar concentration of aluminium in the structure of transistor. The analysis of the scattering mechanisms is considered in the 2D-model of structure, that allows to estimate influence of the separate scattering mechanisms on the electronic gas in heterostructures with the systems of quantum walls. Polar optical phonons scattering is basic in such structures, while in an area gate-drain does not begin to prevail the intervalley scattering mechanism.It is shown that the average drift speed in the heterotransistor with two channel structure are more high, than in heterotransistor with one potential wall and two heterojunctions transistors have higher values of output current.The growth of the average drift speed in a structure with two quantum walls in comparison from heterotransistor with one quantum walls makes to 30-40%. It is related to the redistribution of electrons between potential walls with the loss of the energy at overcoming of barriers.The modeling results shown that warming-up of electronic gas and growth of the electrons temperature is a greater degree related to the electrons which drift in potential walls at heterojunctions.It is also necessary to take into account the dimensional quantization effect. This effect in heterostructure is require the calculation of discrete energy levels in quantum walls.Diminishing of the influence of strong electric-field effects in a two channel structure is related to the diminishing of scattering probability both on polar optical phonons and as a result of the injecting of electrons to lower heterojunction with high initial speed and small values of energy which diminishes also probability of the intervalley scattering.The model of calculation of the quantum walls influence on the longitudinal transport in the heterojunction transistors with submicrometer gate length are developed. The mathematical model can be used for the calculation of not only heterostructures transistor but also other constructions of multi-layered devices with the systems of quantum walls in the conditions of the strong electric fields.Ref. 13, fig. 19.

Electric field modified Arrhenius description of charge transport in amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors

While it is known that the charge-carrier mobility in amorphous metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFT) deviates from Arrhenius temperature dependence, we found that the Hall mobility measured in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) follows an Arrhenius relation surprisingly well. We explain these observations by the effect of strong vertical electric field created by the gate voltage, which facilitates direct tunneling of trapped carriers into the conductive band and leads to virtually temperature independent mobility. We present a generalized Arrhenius model based on the effective temperature concept. We show that our model allows quantitative description of the temperature dependence of the mobility in a-IGZO TFTs over a broad temperature range.

Electrically switchable Berry curvature dipole in the monolayer topological insulator WTe2

Recent experimental evidence for the quantum spin Hall (QSH) state in monolayer WTe$_2$ has bridged two of the most active fields of condensed matter physics, 2D materials and topological physics. This 2D topological crystal also displays unconventional spin-torque and gate-tunable superconductivity. While the realization of QSH has demonstrated the nontrivial topology of the electron wavefunctions of monolayer WTe$_2$, the geometrical properties of the wavefunction, such as the Berry curvature, remain unstudied. On the other hand, it has been increasingly recognized that the Berry curvature plays an important role in multiple areas of condensed matter physics including nonreciprocal electron transport, enantioselective optical responses, chiral polaritons and even unconventional superconductivity. Here we utilize mid-infrared optoelectronic microscopy to investigate the Berry curvature in monolayer WTe$_2$. By optically exciting electrons across the inverted QSH gap, we observe an in-plane circular photogalvanic current even under normal incidence. The application of an out-of-plane displacement field further systematically controls the direction and magnitude of the photocurrent. Our observed photocurrent reveals a novel Berry curvature dipole that arises from the nontrivial wavefunctions near the inverted gap edge. These previously unrealized Berry curvature dipole and strong electric field effect are uniquely enabled by the inverted band structure and tilted crystal lattice of monolayer WTe$_2$. Such an electrically switchable Berry curvature dipole opens the door to the observation of a wide range of quantum geometrical phenomena, such as quantum nonlinear Hall, orbital-Edelstein and chiral polaritonic effects.

Observation of magnetic-field-induced transitions in the DyNi3Ga9 intermetallic compound

In this work, field and temperature-dependent magnetization and specific heat measurements carried out on the DyNi3Ga9 intermetallic compound grown by Ga self-flux method are reported. This material crystallizes in a trigonal ErNi3Al9-type crystal structure with space group R32. In our previous work, we have shown that the DyNi3Ga9 compound, which orders antiferromagnetically at TN = 10.1 K presents strong crystalline electric field (CEF) effects. At H = 1 kOe, the low-T dependence of magnetic susceptibility (T < 30 K) presents a complex behavior. For increasing applied magnetic field, a trivial antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition is observed. However, M(H) curves measured at selected temperatures for the magnetic field applied in the ab-plane show multiples transitions suggesting possible spin reorientations. Besides, for the low field M(H) loops one can observe the presence of coercivity, remanence and saturation effects evidencing the complex magnetic ordered state of this compound. Finally, specific heat measurements as a function of applied magnetic field show the emergence of a second peak suggesting the presence of field-induced transitions for H > 15 kOe.