Abstract
Recent x-ray absorption experiments have demonstrated the possibility to accurately monitor the magnetism of metallic hetero-structures controlled via a time-independent perturbation caused for example by a static electric field. Using a first-principles, non-equilibrium Green function scheme, we show how the measured dichroic signal for the corresponding steady-state situation can be related to the underlying electronic structure and its response to the external stimulus. The suggested approach works from the infinitesimal limit of linear response to the regime of strong electric field effects, which is realized in present experimental high sensitivity investigations.
Highlights
Recent x-ray absorption experiments have demonstrated the possibility to accurately monitor the magnetism of metallic heterostructures controlled via a time-independent perturbation caused, for example, by a static electric field
Using a first-principles, nonequilibrium Green’s function scheme, we show how the measured dichroic signal for the corresponding steady-state situation can be related to the underlying electronic structure and its response to the external stimulus
The suggested approach works from the infinitesimal limit of linear response to the regime of strong electric field effects, which is realized in present experimental high-sensitivity investigations
Summary
First-principles calculations of steady-state voltage-controlled magnetism: Application to x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. To deal with the XMCD in this case, an appropriate expression for the x-ray absorption coefficient together with a corresponding extension of the XMCD sum rules [19,20,21,22] are suggested This allows us to relate the XMCD spectra of an atom to its spin and orbital moments under out-of-equilibrium conditions. We deal with the steady-state situation encountered for a layered system exposed to a constant electric field across the layers, or equivalently a layered system connected to the left and right leads with a corresponding voltage drop in between In this case, it is most convenient to consider the lesser and greater.
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