Strong Category Research Articles

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sea Pandan Leaves (Pandanus odorifer) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Sea pandan (Pandanus odorifer) is used in traditional medicine in India. Sea pandan is efficacious in treating pain, parasites, digestive, liver, and cognitive disorders. Sea pandan is found in coastal areas in South Kalimantan. Sea pandan contains flavonoid compounds that have the potential to be antimicrobials. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of sea pandan leaf extract. The study began with sample preparation, which included washing the leaves, drying them using an oven, refining the particle size, extracting 70% ethanol, and evaporating the solvent until a thick extract was obtained. Total flavonoid levels in sea pandan leaf extract were determined using the colourimetric method using quercetin standards. Antimicrobial testing was conducted using the diffusion method at concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The positive control used was chloramphenicol. The determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values ??was carried out using the dilution method. The results showed that sea pandan leaf extract contains phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The total flavonoid content in sea pandan leaf extract is 10.01% w/w equivalent of quercetin. The antimicrobial activity of sea pandan leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is 10.15 - 25.36 mm, while against Escherichia coli in the range of 8.15 - 23.16 mm. Ethanol extract of sea pandan leaves at a concentration of 50% is included in the very strong category in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ethanol extract of sea pandan leaves has an MIC value of 7.5% on Staphylococcus aureus and 15% on Escherichia coli. MBC of sea pandan extract is 15% on Escherichia coli bacteria. This study concludes that the ethanol extract of sea pandan leaves has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (bacteriostatic) and Escherichia coli (bactericidal).

Development of Canva-based Website Media on Class X for Virus Topic in Biology Learning

The current technological advancements have a crucial role in education, bringing about innovations in the learning process. One form of innovation is using website media as a learning tool. This research aims to assess the feasibility and students' responses towards a Canva-based website learning media on viruses for high school X grade. The study follows the research and development approach using the ADDIE method. In this research using random sampling technique. The sample research used 10 students of XI MIPA 2 at SMAN 2 Teluk Keramat. Instruments utilized include validation sheets and student response questionnaires. The data analysis calculates the validation using Aiken's V formula and average score of student response and classifies into available categories. Validation was carried out by 2 biology lecturers at Untan and 3 biology teachers. The validation analysis using Aiken's V yielded a score of 0.89 for the Canva-based website media on virus topic, categorized as valid. The questionnaire analysis revealed an average response rate of 83.82%, indicating a very strong category of acceptance. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Canva-based website media is suitable for use as a learning media on class X for virus topic

Tingkat Keterampilan Sosial Siswa Kelas 7 SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024

This study aims to determine the level of social skills of 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta in the 2023/2024 school year and to find out the low items to be proposed as guidance topics. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with the subjects in this study are 7th grade students in the 2023/2024 school year. Determination of the sample from the population was carried out using calculations made by Issac and Michel with an error of 10%. Data collection was carried out using a social skills scale with 46 valid items with a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.945 which is in the very strong category. The scale is arranged based on 5 (five) aspects, namely cooperation, assertiveness, responsibility, empathy, and self-control. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, using the SPSS Ver. 25. With the results, most of the 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta in the 2023/2024 school year have high social skills. The results showed that in 166 students, 35% of students had a very high level of social skills, 55% of students had a high level of social skills, and 10% of students had a moderate level of social skills. There are no low items on the social skills scale that will be proposed as guidance topics.

The Effect of Current Ratio and Debt to Assets Ratio on Debt to Equity Ratio at PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk Which are Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Periode 2013-2022

This study aims to analyse how PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk, a company listed on the BEI in Indonesia, is affected by the CR and DAR in relation to its DER. Using a purposive selection strategy, this quantitative study draws 40 samples from financial records covering the years 2013–2022. Classical assumption testing and multiple linear regression analysis are the approaches utilised for data analysis. The F-test and the T-test are then used for hypothesis testing. The study found a medium amount of closeness between the CR and the DER, with a correlation value of -0.672342. A correlation value of 0.976407 between DAR and DER places it in the strong category. An study of the contribution of the independent variables, namely the CR and DAR, yields a DER value of 95.2%, while other factors account for the remaining 4.8%. Since it generates a sig value of 0.0000 < 0.05, the CR value significantly impacts the DER, according to incomplete study. With a sig value of 0.0000 < 0.05, DAR significantly impacts the DER. At the same time, the DER is significantly impacted by the two independent variables, CR and DAR, with a sig value of 0.0000 < 0.05

Relationship between Dietary Fat-Sodium and Hypertension in Prolanis at the Jarak Kulon Public Health Center

Hypertension is a disease that causes high pain. Consuming sodium and fatty acids every day can increase the risk of hypertension. The impact of high fatty acids affects the presence of cholesterol deposits in the blood, while the levels of fatty acids cause increased blood pressure. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sodium fat and hypertension in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) at the Jarak Kulon Public Health Center Jombang. The research design used was cross-sectional. The population of this study was all hypertensive patients who participated in Prolanis, as many as 50 people. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The independent variable is the fat-sodium diet, and the dependent variable is hypertension. The instrument for the fat-sodium diet uses a questionnaire, while the incident uses observation. Statistical tests use Spearman Ranks. Spearman ranked data analysis with a significance of 0.01 and obtained a value of 0.000. Because (<α) means there is a relationship between the fat-sodium diet and hypertension. The test results also show that the relationship level of 0.695 is included in the strong category. Based on the research results, it is hoped that food content that is low in fat and low in sodium levels will help blood pressure to reach near-normal levels to avoid more severe complications.

An Update for Predicting Left-Moving Supercell Motion

Abstract A sample of 889 left-moving (LM) supercells of varying rotational strength across the United States was examined to determine if improvements could be made in predicting their motion using an existing hodograph-based technique. This technique was previously applied to a sample of only 30 LM supercells, and it was assumed that the same off-hodograph deviation from the mean wind for right-moving (RM) supercells was appropriate for LM supercells. However, our larger sample herein reveals the average deviation for LM supercells is less than the assumed 7.5 m s−1 based on a subset of 207 observed proximity soundings. At the same time, the 0–6-km mean-wind layer is still optimal for the advective component of storm motion (consistent with that for RM supercells). Applying the same methods to a subset of 678 model-derived RUC/RAP proximity soundings generally confirms these results, but with slightly smaller deviations. These findings support decreasing the deviation parameter to 5.0 m s−1 for predicting LM supercell motion (at least for the United States). The sample of LM supercells additionally was subdivided based on strength and duration, and then reevaluated using the observed proximity soundings. The predicted motion of moderate-strength mesoanticyclones had the least error, whereas the strong category had the largest errors by about 1 m s−1. Similarly, mesoanticyclones lasting 60–120 min had the least error in predicted motion. These two findings also are consistent with the results when using the RUC/RAP proximity soundings.

Virulence Factors and Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Triclosan, and Chlorhexidine among Enterococci from Clinical Specimens, Food, and Wastewater.

Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the microbiota of humans and other animals as well as in the environment. This article presents the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing using phenotypic methods (broth microdilution and standardized disk diffusion) on selected clinical, food, and wastewater isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium. The isolates were divided into subgroups based on their sensitivity to the following antibiotics: vancomycin (VAN) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and biocides triclosan (TCL) and chlorhexidine (CHX). The study also investigated in vitro virulence factors, including biofilm formation ability, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and β-hemolysis, to explore aspects of pathogenesis. In our study, regardless of the isolation source, VAN-resistant (VAN-R) and CIP-resistant (CIP-R) E. faecalis and E. faecium were detected. The highest proportion of CIP-R strains was found among clinical isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium, with clinical E. faecium also showing the highest proportion of VAN-R strains. But the highest proportion of VAN-R E. faecalis strains was found in wastewater samples. The highest TCL MIC90 values for E. faecalis were found in wastewater isolates, while for E. faecium, the highest TCL MIC90 values were observed in food isolates. The highest CHX MIC90 values for both E. faecalis and E. faecium were identified in clinical specimens. The results obtained for E. faecalis did not indicate differences in TCL MIC and CHX MIC values with respect to sensitivity to VAN and CIP. Higher CHX MIC50 and CHX MIC90 values were obtained for CIP-R and VAN-R E. faecium. Among the tested isolates, 97.75% of the E. faecalis isolates produced biofilm, while 72.22% of the E. faecium isolates did so as well. In biofilm-forming strength categories III and IV, statistically significantly higher proportions of CIP-susceptible (CIP-S) and VAN-susceptible (VAN-S) E. faecalis were determined. In category III, there is no statistically significant difference in E. faecium CIP sensitivity. In category IV, we had a significantly higher proportion of CIP-R strains. On the other hand, the association between the moderate or strong category of biofilm formation and E. faecium VAN susceptibility was not significant. E. faecalis isolated from wastewater had a CSH index (HI) ≥ 50%, categorizing them as "moderate", while all the other strains were categorized as "low" based on the CSH index. Among the E. faecalis isolates, cell surface hydrophobicity indices differed significantly across isolation sources. In contrast, E. faecium isolates showed similar hydrophobicity indices across isolation sources, with no significant difference found. Moreover, no correlation was found between the enterococcal cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in vitro. After anaerobic incubation, β-hemolytic activity was confirmed in 19.10% of the E. faecalis and 3.33% of the E. faecium strains.

The Influence of Price and E-WOM on Millennial Generation Purchase Interest at InterContinental Bali Resort

This study aims to determine the effect of price and e-WOM on the purchase intention of the millennial generation at the InterContinental Bali Resort. The population is the millennial generation who have accessed information about the InterContinental Bali Resort using the Google platform, and have never stayed at the InterContinental Bali Resort. The sample used was 100 respondents with a data collection method using a questionnaire, in the form of a Google Form. The data analysis techniques used in this study are Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, t-Test, F-Test, and Determination Coefficient Analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that price and e-WOM partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The magnitude of the influence of the price and e-WOM variables on purchase intention is 63.3% or can be said to be in the strong category.

Antibacterial Potential of Agarwood Leaf Extract (Aguilaria Microcarpa Baill) Against Salmonella Typhi

Aguilaria microcarpa Baill, commonly known as the Agarwood plant, is commonly used as a medicinal plant that is thought to be able to treat certain diseases because it contains chemical compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins which can act as antioxidants and antibacterials and can be used as raw materials for the medicinal industry natural herbs. Testing in this research nature is semi-quantitative and is laboratory research in testing Aguilaria microcarpa Baill leaf extract based on characterization tests, chemical content tests, and antibacterial potential tests on growth activity of Salmonella typhi with inhibition zone parameters produced by the agar diffusion method. The results showed that Agarwood leaf extract (Aguilaria microcarpa Baill) with concentrations of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% w/v had the potential as an antibacterial against growth activity Salmonella thypi. The higher the concentration of the extract tested, the greater the inhibitory activity against bacterial growth. The most effective concentration is at a concentration of 12% w/v with a Sig value. 0.000 < 0.05 (Oneway Anova α = 0.05) in strong category inhibition ( 10 – 20 mm)

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN GUBERNUR RIDWAN KAMIL TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI JAWA BARAT

This study aims to describe the significance of the influence of the leadership style of the West Java Governor for the 2018-2023 period on the quality of public services in the West Java Provincial Government in 2023. West Java Province is the most populous province in Indonesia, so it is a challenge for the West Java provincial government to provide excellent public services for all its citizens. The influence of a leader who can make efforts to improve the quality of public services is needed. The method used is quantitative. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. In this research, a series of statistical data analysis was carried out to test the proposed hypothesis, the results of which were presented descriptively. The results obtained were 14.190>1.661 with a significance value of <0.001 and a correlation of 0.820 or in a very strong category. Where the leadership style of the West Java Governor for the 2018-2023 period has an effect of 66.9% on the quality of public services in the West Java Provincial Government in 2023.

Antibacterial Activity and Thin-Layer Chromatography (KLT) Ethanol Extract of Dragon Scale Leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) C. Presl) Against Bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis

The dragon scale plant is a plant containing flavonoid compounds, tannins, alkaloids, saponins. Flavanoid compounds, alkaloids, and tannins are found in dragon scales that are thought to provide antibacterial effects. Thin Layer Chromatography Test (KLT). On quarstin there is a stain distance spot of 1 cm and an 8 cm motion phase with an Rf value of 0.129 and in the extract there is a stain spot of 7.3 cm with an 8 cm motion phase with an Rf value of 0.9. In Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria from the average of the largest inhibitory zones are applied to the extract with a concentration of 20%. The diameter of the average inhibitory zone formed around the disc paper at each concentration is: 5% 10.5 mm ± 0.20 at a concentration of 10% 11.26 mm ± 0.20 and a concentration of 20% 12.2 mm ± 0.30 each concentration has a strongly categorized response. Ethanol extract of dragon scale leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) C. Presl) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The diameter of the inhibitory zone that is best formed in the treatment of dragon scale leaf ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a concentration of 20%12.2 mm±0.30 is 12.2 mm with a strong category.

Meta Analisis Pengaruh Iklim Kelas Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa

Student learning motivation is influenced by the state of the classroom climate. This journal will discuss the meta-analysis of the effect of classroom climate on student learning motivation by comparing the correlation coefficient (r) values in existing research. This study aims to analyze the relationship between classroom climate and student learning motivation based on the grouping of correlation coefficient values consisting of very low, low, medium, strong, and very strong categories based on existing studies. The research carried out starts from the formulation of the topic of the problem, after which it compares the results of relevant research to be analyzed. Meanwhile, the method used is meta-analysis, which is a method that involves the use of secondary data from previous research results by searching journals through Research Gate and Google Scholar. Then proceed with analyzing the product-moment correlation category of the research results found based on the percentage presented in the form of a statistical diagram. From the search results, 12 journals were obtained, consisting of 3 international journals and 9 national journals. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, 34% of the journals showed a strong mutual influence relationship between classroom climate and student learning motivation. Building a conducive learning atmosphere is the responsibility of the teacher. With careful lesson planning, a comfortable physical classroom setting, and the creation of a positive socio-emotional climate, teachers can help students learn effectively and increase their motivation to learn so they can reach their full potential.

Aktivitas Peredaman Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil)

Background: Antioxidants are compounds that prevent an oxidation reaction from free radical compounds and important role in capturing free radicals in the human body. Excessive free radicals in the body can cause tissue damage and degenerative diseases. Pandanus amarillyfolius are known to act as natural antioxidant that have the potential to capture free radical compounds, because of their presence of flavonoid compounds. Objective: This study aims to determine the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH against the leaf extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius. Method: Pandanus amaryllifolius extraction was carried out using the maceration method with methanol as solvent (1:10). Concentration was carried out using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract. Phytochemical screening and TLC test were carried out qualitatively using the mobile phase n-butanol: acetic acid: water (6:2:2) and phytochemical testing including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids or terpenoids to determine the presence of flavonoid compounds as antioxidants. Free radical scavenging activity was tested using DPPH free radical scavenger with concentrations of vitamin C 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 ppm and pandanus fragrance extract concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 25 ppm and measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to calculate the IC50 value. Result: The results of the phytochemical screening test of fragrant pandan indicate the presence of flavonoid compounds. The Rf value of the TLC test obtained 0.765 quarcetin and 0.787 extract and the resulting yellow spots, the Rf value of pandan extract which was almost the same as the Rf value of quercetin indicated that the pandan extract may contain the same compounds as quercetin, namely flavonoid compounds. The results of the free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract of pandan leaves were 86,861 g/ml and for comparison, vitamin C was 39,103 g/ml. Based on the statistical analysis of the T-Test, it is known that there is a difference between the sample and the standard with a significant value (p <0.05), namely 0.001 and 0.023. Conclusion: The Pandanus amaryllifolius extract test using the DPPH method is in the strong category (IC50 <50 -100 g/ml) and the comparison of Vitamin C is in the very strong category (IC50 <50 g/ml).

Unveiling the cognitive scaffold: Metacognitive correlates of academic resilience in biology learners

Good metacognitive allows individuals to more easily adapt to changes in the learning environment and face challenges that arise. They tend to be more flexible in changing their learning strategies according to new needs and situations. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation between metacognitive and the academic resilience of students concentrating on biology subjects at State of Senior High School 1 Tasikmalaya. This research was carried out from January to March 2024. The method used was correlational with a population of 950 students. Sampling was carried out using a quota sampling technique, that 10% of the population was taken which represents the research characteristics of 211 students. The study instruments used consisted of 3 validated instruments, including the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and Academic Resilience 30 (ARS-30). The data were analyzed using a bivariate correlation regression test. Based on the study results, it shows that there is a correlation between metacognitive and (R= 0.792; R2 = 0.627). The Effective Contribution (EC) given by metacognitive to academic resilience, is 15.7%. So, it could be concluded that the correlation between metacognitive to students' academic resilience in biology subjects at State of Senior High School 1 Tasikmalaya is in the strong category because it is in the regression criteria between 0.60 – 0.799.

Preliminary Study on Potential Bacterial Species Introducing Antibacterial Agent from Sponge in Unggeh Island Central Tapanuli, Indonesia

Sponges have the potential to symbiont with bacteria that produce antibacterial compounds. This study was conducted to isolate and test the antibacterial activity of sponge symbiont bacteria. Bacterial isolates obtained were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli using the Kirby-Bauer method. The identification results of both sponges have similarities with Clathria sp. and Hyrtios sp. symbiont bacteria obtained from both sponges as many as 16 isolates. Antibacterial activity testing had a weak inhibitory effect on isolates Sp1A, Sp2C, Sp2D and Sp2F, while Sp2J showed moderate inhibition against gram-negative and positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the whole supernatant of symbiont bacteria obtained the diameter of the inhibition zone with weak, medium and strong categories. Sp1A isolate supernatant was obtained, potentially able to fight Escherichia coli bacteria with a strong category as a representation of gram-negative bacteria and against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) classified into the medium category. In conclusion, 16 symbiont bacterial supernatants have antibacterial activity mostly active against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. There are 6 isolates (Sp1A, Sp1B, Sp1E, Sp1F, Sp2D, Sp2F) active as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus with weak and moderate categories.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Pandila Tree Leaves (Saurauia Tristlyla Dc) From Tibo Village

Introduction: The Pandila tree known as pandila (Saurauia tristlyla DC) is one of the plants that has been traditionally used as a medicinal material. Pandila has been traditionally used by the community as a medicine for external and internal diseases, for example, pandila leaves are believed by the Tibo Village community to absorb congealed blood due to accidents. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant activity of pandila leaves. Method: The research method used in this study is a descriptive method by looking at changes in color and liquid form in alkaloids, Flavonoid, Tannin, Saponin, Steroid, Terpenoid, and Carotenoid compounds. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on 96% ethanol extract of pandila leaves. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The results of phytochemical analysis obtained on the leaves of Pandila tree leaves (Saurauia Tristlyla DC) using 96% ethanol solvent are old leaf extracts and young leaves of pandila positively contain 3 compounds namely Tannins, Steroids, and Carotenoids. Results and Discussion: The results of the antioxidant activity test of Pandila leaf extract using the DPPH method on old leaves have an IC50 of 101, 2844 ppm including in the moderate category, and on young leaves have an IC50 of 76.688 ppm which is included in the strong category. Conclusion: Pandila tree leaves are still safe to be used as traditional medicine, by looking at the tannin, steroid, and carotenoid compounds contained in pandila leaves. In addition, the results of antioxidant activity analysis are also a supporting factor where the antioxidant content in old leaves and young leaves of Pandila trees is classified as strong and moderate, so this plant is still safe to be used as a traditional medicinal plant.

Antioxidant activity assay of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seeds Ethanol extract with DPPH radical scavenging using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is known to have a strong antioxidant compound. Thus, the calyx becomes the most important area to research. Another part of this plant that was starting to be known for its benefits is rosella seeds. Roselle seeds are a source of fat-soluble antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Roselle Seed Ethanol Extract (RSEE) with the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2 Picrylhidrazyl) radical scavenging method. This research begins by doing the extraction of Roselle seeds using ethanol (96%) as a solvent and then assessing the antioxidant activity (Radical Scavenging Activity/RSA) of the extract, which is compared with the ascorbic acid standard at several concentrations (5-200 ppm). Antioxidant activity was assessed with DPPH Radical Scavenging using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and IC50 value parameters. The results of this study were the absorbance of DPPH from spectrophotometer at 517 nm was 0,824 (purple color). The absorbance of RSEE and ascorbic acid at 5 ppm to 200 ppm, respectively 0.523-0.124 and 0.594-0.112. The antioxidant activity (RSA) of the RSEE and ascorbic acid, respectively was 57.93% and 59.24%. The IC50 value of RSEE was 30.158 μg/ml and as comparison is ascorbic acid, the IC50 value was 26.948 μg/ml. Thus, the antioxidant activity of roselle seeds ethanol extract (RSEE) belongs to a very strong category (50 μg /ml). This is due to the presence of several phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

Persepsi Peserta Didik Terhadap Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Instagram Sebagai Sumber Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Painan

Social media can be used as a modern learning resource, one of which is the Instagram application. Because users can access learning content from experts or users with certain areas of knowledge and skills. Instagram is a source of learning because the content presented entertains and educates students. This study aims to describe the availability of Instagram content, the relevance of Instagram content, and the improvement of individual learning in students. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research, the sample of this research is 40 students in grade XI. Data collection using a closed questionnaire with 30 questions. The results of the study concluded that the perception of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Painan towards the use of the Instagram application as a learning resource in Physics subjects was reviewed from the availability of Instagram content of 78%, which was in the strong category, while in terms of the relevance of Instagram Content 78.55% was also in the strong category, and in terms of increasing individual learning, 77.3% was also categorized as strong. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Instagram has become a significant learning resource in Physics Learning. Varied and creative Instagram content can help students learn and can motivate students

Magnesium matters: unveiling hidden risks in kidney transplant patients through total and ionized magnesium profiling.

In kidney transplant (KT) patients, magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is widespread. It is often encountered early after KT, may persist longer, and is frequently promoted by calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and tubular leakage. Studies demonstrated an association between post-KT hypomagnesemia and allograft dysfunction. The concentration of the active form, the ionized Mg2+ (iMg2+), is not measured clinically, and total Mg2+ (tMg2+) and iMg2+ correlations are conflicting. We assess the cross-sectional prevalence of hypomagnesemia in KT patients. The correlation of demographic and anthropometric parameters was also studied. A prospective, single-center analysis of KT patients was conducted at the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland (March 2023-August 2023). Blood samples were collected at least twice for the majority of patients. tMg2+ has been quantified from a plasma sample at the Clinical Chemistry Department of the University Hospital of Bern. The PRIME® ES analyzer (Nova Biomedical, USA) provided results for iMg2+. The following co-variables were considered: age, comorbidities, kidney disease, KT history, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and treatment (including Mg2+ supplementation and immunosuppression). A total of 208 measurements in 104 patients were performed [once in 9/104 patients (8.7%), twice in 86/104 (82.7%), and three times in 9/104 (8.7%)]. Compared to that in healthy volunteers (51 measurements in 51 participants), mean iMg2+ was significantly lower in KT patients {KT: 0.46 mmol/L [interquartile range (IQR): 0.40-0.50], volunteers: 0.57 mmol/L (IQR 0.54-0.61), p < 0.01}. Overall, iMg2+ and tMg2+ showed strong category agreement (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.01). In linear regression, low iMg2+ correlated with CNI exposure. For 110/208 measurements (52.9%), a reduced iMg2+ (cutoff: 0.42 mmol/L) was shown. In 58/208 (27.9%), both values were reduced, and 52/208 (25%) had isolated reduced iMg2+. In principal component analysis, patients with isolated low iMg2+ clustered with patients with low iMg2+ and tMg2+. iMg2+ and tMg2+ were strongly correlated. A substantial proportion of patients show isolated low iMg2+. Currently, it is unclear if these patients suffer from Mg2+ deficiency.

Formulation and Physical Quality Testing of Solid Soap From a Combination of Citronella Oil with Patchouli Leaf Oil Againts Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

Bacteria on the skin can cause infections ranging from mild to quite serious. Bacteria that are commonly found on human skin are the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The choice for making antibacterial solid soap based on active ingredients from patchouli oil and citronella oil is that this oil has inhibitory power in the growth of bacteria on the skin, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this research is to determine how large the inhibition zone is produced by the antibacterial solid soap formulation and to determine the characteristics and physical quality tests of the solid soap preparation combining citronella oil with patchouli leaf oil so that it is safe to use. The method used is a pure experimental method. Data collection was carried out for 4 weeks according to the testing time and then analyzed using the Graphad application. The results of the research on the inhibition zone test used 2 concentrations, namely 50% and 100%, each formulation had different average results, namely at F2 50% the average was 21 mm with a very strong category, at F2 100% the average was 19.5 mm with the strong category, at F3 50% we get an average of 16 mm in the strong category and at F3 100% we get an average of 18.6 mm in the strong category. In the tests that have been carried out, it was concluded that citronella oil and patchouli leaf oil can be made into antiseptic solid soap and can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of testing physical quality characteristics for 4 weeks have met the standard requirements for solid soap.