Strong Awareness Research Articles

Artistic Design Method of User Interaction Experience of Mobile System Based on Context Awareness

This work combines context awareness to explore the art design technique of user interaction experience of mobile system and alters the conventional art communication and art appreciation methods in order to increase the impact of artistic interactive experience. Furthermore, this paper proposes that the spatial pattern will influence the aggregation value in wireless sensor networks, as well as the influence of the pattern of single-point extrapolation function and information coverage function measurement, which is quantified as a nonsampling error in sampling theory. Then, this paper proposes a hierarchical sampling theory to optimize the nonsampling error and improve the effect of artistic situation perception. Finally, on this basis, this paper constructs an art design system of context awareness and interactive experience. The findings of this study indicate that the state-of-the-art mobile system user interaction experience based on context awareness suggested in this work has a strong context awareness effect and user interaction experience.

Awareness of initiative practice for health in the Chinese population: A questionnaire survey based on a network platform

BACKGROUNDIn 2016, the Chinese government issued the Healthy China 2030 plan, which also produced the initiative practice for health (IPFH) concept. However, people’s knowledge and awareness of the IPFH are unclear.AIMTo investigate awareness of IPFH in the Chinese population and explore the relevant influential factors.METHODSAn internet-based self-designed questionnaire survey was used to collect respondents’ demographic characteristics and awareness of health and the IPFH from March 26 to April 18, 2020. IPFH consciousness was assessed by the scores for different related questions. The Student’s t test, the Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the differences and influencing factors.RESULTSA total of 2678 valid questionnaires were collected. Of the respondents, 973 (36.3%) had heard of the IPFH concept. In addition, 89.5% of participants agreed with the view that the IPFH is beneficial to improving quality of life, and over half thought that a regular schedule, a reasonable diet, tobacco and alcohol control, a cheerful mood, specific life goals and plans, taking the initiative to accept health-related education and implement health knowledge, good interpersonal relationships, and regular physical examinations were closely related to the IPFH. The majority of respondents paid attention to their health and usually obtained health-related knowledge via social media and were also willing to promote the IPFH. Most of the participants underestimated the role of hospitals, family doctors, and health managers in promoting the IPFH. Age, monthly income, and medical-related work experience were the influencing factors for IPFH awareness.CONCLUSIONThe Chinese population has limited knowledge of the IPFH. People with strong IPFH awareness are older, earn more, and have medical-related work experience.

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia

Abstract. Fanissa F, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN. 2022. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2823-2829. Salmonella species is one of the major infectious pathogens associated with poultry birds, which also has an impact on public health. Antimicrobials are used as growth promoters or treatment of diseases thus; this encourages the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to identify multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from traditional chicken meat sold at Surabaya markets. A total of 150 chicken meat swab samples were collected from five different traditional markets and identified using microbiological standard methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella species on five different antibiotics discs. A low prevalence of Salmonella species was detected with a frequency of 11.3% (17/150). Some of the Salmonella isolates showed strong resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, aztreonam, and chloramphenicol. Five (29.4%) out of seventeen were multidrug-resistant Salmonella species. The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species in these traditional markets is worrisome, since, it can lead to an outbreak of Salmonellosis as a result of the consumption of contaminated chicken meat. Therefore, the detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species is significant in understanding their prevalence and development of AMR. More strong awareness education and monitoring programs are recommended to mitigate the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Proceedings of the VI National Meeting of the Italian Group of Paleopathology (GIPaleo)

The presence of numerous scientific contributions in the program is certainly demonstrative of the fact that research in the field of paleopathology and anthropology has not stopped since the beginning of Covid-19. Furthermore, the same emergency that we are still partially feeling, has pushed our community scientific research to question itself more intensely in connection to the epidemic relationship and measures that repeatedly led to profound transformations in the societies of the past from different points of view: demographic, economic, social and the history buried under the bioarchaeological strata is today more capable than ever to show this connection.It can do this by bringing to light the paleodemographic data that is obtained from the study of human remains.Today we will listen to many paleopathological stories and among these I am very happy to also present ours.Twenty years ago, the University of Insubria started a collaboration with the Archaeological Superintendence of Lombardy for the study of osteological remains found mostly during emergency archaeology recoveries. These experiences led us to reach those bioarchaeological sites again with the aim of extracting all those cemetery layers that remained there because they were not subjected at that time by building reclamation interventions.Returning to those sites that in the past brought to light fragmentary anthropological data means allowing oneself the possibility of obtaining new palaeodemographic and palaeopathological data which are decisive for reconstructing the demographic and epidemiological history of the populations of the past.These new interventions led us to create an operational model that immediately intended to underline the importance of an evident continuity between the archaeological recovery and the anthropological study of the finds through the setting up of physical anthropology and paleopathology laboratories directly on the sites of the finds. All this in harmony with the final design of the projects or the museumization of bioarchaeological sites in their complexity aimed at enhancing cultural tourist routes in the area. In this regard, I would like to thank the community foundation of Varese and the Cariplo foundation for supporting our current initiatives.These include the project financed by the emblematic provincial tender and which has as its final objective the enhancement of three bioarchaeological sites in Valcuvia: the medieval sites of San Biagio in Cittiglio, Sant’Agostino in Caravate, and the modern crypt of the church of the Convent of Azzio.Today, our Research Centre works in Piedmont in different sites in the province of Vercelli and Alessandria.Aware of the importance of a physical anthropological approach in the field, our young Centre goes beyond the continental borders to reach Eritrea, the ancient city of Adulis, because it is in dissecting the taphonomic events and the funeral actions that will make it possible to identify the funerary ritual adopted by the ancient populations.The operational model of paleopathological research, which gradually enriches itself thanks to the multidisciplinary nature of the interventions and thanks to the individual experiences in the field, is thus continuously transferred and adapted to other anthropological contexts that retain potential both in terms of investigative and enhancement of the bioarchaeological heritage. Through the musealization of the sites it is also possible to acquire an attractive force towards all those potentially bioarchaeological areas but which today are in conditions of neglect because they are marginal with respect to the conventionally understood cultural tourist good. And we all know how important it is to transfer the study data even outside the academic context because making this aspect of archaeology, the truly human one, usable too, cannot fail to arouse a strong awareness of our past. We also know how much more we will have to work, following in the footsteps of the professors who started this path, to ensure that the disciplines of paleopathology and physical anthropology arrive within all those degree courses still discovered today by these teachings to heal an important lack: knowing the human past from a physical and pathological point of view allows us to understand the evolutionary path of some pathologies, especially those of infectious nature.If my title of the speech “Paleopathology and osteoarchaeology in the province of Varese” does not respond to what is being said today, it is because my feeling about paleopathology and osteoarchaeology in the province of Varese is understood as that of carrying out research, what I could feel everywhere, through the operational model, the enthusiasm for paleopathological research and of course the people I am lucky enough to work with.

Counterexpectational Translations: The Dutch Markers Toch and Eigenlijk Contrasted with Their English Correspondents

Abstract The Dutch particle toch and modal adverb eigenlijk both belong to the broad domain of ‘contrast’: their prototypical functions have been described as ‘concession’ and ‘counterexpectation’, respectively, and both have been attributed emphatic discourse uses (e.g. toch as a common ground reminder and eigenlijk as a reinforcement marker). This study analyses the multifunctional scope of toch and eigenlijk in Dutch and maps their translation equivalents in English through an in-depth analysis of the Dutch-English component of the Europarl corpus. For eigenlijk the most common correspondents (in fact, really, actually) belong to the core of the semantic domain of (counter)expectation, whereas none of the English correspondents of toch is able to capture the marker’s duality as both a concessive and a common ground marker. The high degree of zero correspondences in English source texts suggests the translators’ strong awareness of the markers’ pragmalinguistic contribution.

The role of culture in advancing sustainable energy policy and practice

This paper offers a culturally sensitive analysis of measures to improve the energy performance of households. Comparing and combining insights from two recent sustainable energy initiatives in Ireland, we show how integrated approaches that work with participants’ everyday practices and their links with people and place can yield substantial and sustained reductions in household energy use. Recognizing the centrality of culturally rooted meanings related to domestic energy use and the services it provides, our analysis challenges approaches to energy saving that overemphasize technology use and individual-level behavior change. Instead, it treats domestic energy use as an inherently social phenomenon that reflects place-specific cultural practices and material conditions. The paper also provides important lessons for upscaling and diffusion of good practice that recognize the centrality of formal and informal community networks and related aspects of trust in local social relations. Involving local advocates with strong social awareness and (inter-)cultural competences can increase engagement in community-based initiatives and deliver more sustainable results. Overall, the paper addresses a major energy policy challenge that has generated intense public debate, namely how to design and implement sustainable energy initiatives that meet the needs of participants and deliver lasting reductions in domestic energy use.

New evidence of moral hazard: Environmental liability insurance and firms' environmental performance

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence of the moral hazard problem in environmental insurance by investigating the effect of environmental liability insurance (ELI) on firms' environmental performance. Using the staggered adoption of ELI policies in China as a quasi‐natural experiment, we employ a difference‐in‐differences setup based on a comprehensive firm‐level data set. We find that the adoption of ELI policies significantly reduces firms' efforts in treating water pollution. The negative estimate indicates a moral hazard problem and is the opposite of the positive estimates found mainly in studies that focus on US firms. We further find that the negative effect is lessened for firms in strictly supervised regions and for firms with strong environmental awareness. This paper is one of the first to evaluate environmental insurance in developing economies and provides novel evidence on moral hazard in environmental liability insurance markets.

Investigating situation awareness via visual exploration in high-intensity multi-agent activity using wearable technology

Introduction: In team-based high-performance environments, such as combat and team sports, bouts of high- and low-intensity activity are interspersed, with bouts of high-intensity activity being central to key goal related and attacking events. Hence, an adequate distribution of energy expenditure is imperative to complete performance tasks effectively. This requires agents to possess strong situational awareness and to make important choices about what actions to prioritise1. Our research in team sport highlights that the decisions agents make are closely associated with the affordances that surround them2 and the visual exploratory actions (also termed scanning) that are required to establish awareness of these affordances3.

Evaluation of knowledge attitude and practice towards hepatitis B and C infections and its impact among healthy volunteers in urban and rural areas of Kanyakumari District

Background: Viral hepatitis is an infection caused by hepatotropic viruses that causes liver inflammation and additional liver damage. Hepatotropic viruses come in a variety of forms. Hepatitis B and C are the most dangerous viruses that cause significant sickness in people. The purpose of this study was to determine the public's understanding of Hepatitis B and C infection, as well as their attitudes regarding Hepatitis B and C illness and the importance of Hepatitis vaccination.Methodology: This study used a standardised questionnaire to survey healthy volunteers from Kanyakumari's urban and rural areas about their knowledge, attitudes, and practises about Hepatitis B and C infection and immunisation.Result: In our study, 218 healthy volunteers from Kanyakumari district's urban and rural areas participated, with 89 percent of the urban population and 75 percent of the rural population having strong awareness of hepatitis B and C infection, transmission, and prevention.

Oral Health Care Practice and Circumstances during Covid-19 among Dental Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Background Patients are hesitant to enter a dental hospital because of the significant danger of cross infection and illness transmission due to rapid spread of corona virus.
 Objective To assess knowledge regarding Covid-19, oral health practices and circumstances on dental treatment during a pandemic.
 Method Cross sectional study was conducted among patients visiting dental department of Dhulikhel hospital from September to October 2020. Questionnaires were interviewed following safety protocols regarding the pandemic and descriptive analysis was performed. Both verbal and written consent as well as ethical approval was taken before the study.
 Result A total 411 patients aged 14 to 75 years old from 14 different districts across Nepal participated in the study. All of the patient were free of Covid-19 symptoms and had strong knowledge and awareness about disease transmission. During the crisis 96% of the people maintain good oral hygiene while 25.8% acquire new dental problems where majority experienced oral discomfort and swelling, 93.2% of them did not attend a dental clinic or hospital in the interim owing to fear and inaccessibility. Majority of the participants were impressed by the safety precautions and preparations during treatment and 99.3% strongly suggest or pledge to visit dental department if necessary during the pandemic.
 Conclusion Dental patient visiting Dhulikhel hospital is highly aware of current health crisis, possible transmission and preventive measures. Proper safe hospital setup can encourage them to seek dental treatment during crisis. Dental pain and swelling in Endodontic department recorded most common dental emergency during this pandemic.

Proposed Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy to Promote Brand Awareness of Online Learning Portals: Study of MOJADIAPP.COM

Indonesia as one of the largest countries in the world, with a projected population of 274 million people in 2020, will enjoy a demographic dividend in 2030-2040. Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic, this opens new opportunities for those in the education sector to develop a feasible business in online learning. New players in the online learning industry face tough competition with over 200 existing local brands in the country. Strong brand awareness is needed to be recognized and thus compete in the existing competition. This paper aims to find an appropriate marketing strategy to improve brand awareness. For analysis, the researchers use a market survey to understand the preferred marketing strategy from a customer’s point of view, and interviews with the founders of Mojadiapp.com, a newly developed online learning portal based in Indonesia, understand the internal and external condition of the company. The study shows that Integrated Marketing Communication could help improve brand awareness for these new players.

¬¬¬¬Proposed Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy to Promote Brand Awareness of Online Learning Portals: Study of MOJADIAPP.COM

Indonesia as one of the largest countries in the world, with a projected population of 274 million people in 2020, will enjoy a demographic dividend in 2030-2040. Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic, this opens new opportunities for those in the education sector to develop a feasible business in online learning. New players in the online learning industry face tough competition with over 200 existing local brands in the country. Strong brand awareness is needed to be recognized and thus compete in the existing competition. This paper aims to find an appropriate marketing strategy to improve brand awareness. For analysis, the researchers use a market survey to understand the preferred marketing strategy from a customer’s point of view, and interviews with the founders of Mojadiapp.com, a newly developed online learning portal based in Indonesia, understand the internal and external condition of the company. The study shows that Integrated Marketing Communication could help improve brand awareness for these new players.

Background factors involved in the epidemiology of functional constipation in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundFunctional constipation (FC), a functional bowel disorder with symptoms of constipation, has considerable impact on quality of life. As data regarding its prevalence and epidemiology are lacking, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, population composition, lifestyle, quality of life, and clinical characteristics of these individuals by comparing people with and without FC. These parameters were also compared among individuals with strong and weak awareness of constipation.MethodsAn internet survey was conducted among 10,000 individuals aged 20–69 years from the general Japanese population; they were registered with an internet survey company. The following data were obtained: age, sex, educational history, occupation, residence, history of other diseases, lifestyle (including smoking/drinking habits using the Japanese Health Practice Index, medication use, symptoms of constipation according to the Rome III criteria, stool types according to the Bristol stool scale, and use of laxatives, including the place of purchase and cost per month or acceptable cost per month. The 8-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire was also used; FC was diagnosed based on Rome III criteria. All respondents were classified according to their awareness of constipation (i.e. strong or weak), and their characteristic features were compared.ResultsThe data of 3000 respondents were evaluated; 262 (8.7%) had FC, which was common among older adults, women, and homemakers. FC was associated with changes in the frequency of bowel movement, sensation of incomplete or scanty evacuation, and the use of manual maneuvers; these are consequential clinical symptoms of FC. These individuals frequently skipped breakfast, had insufficient sleep, had more severe constipation, and had purchased laxatives in pharmacies or online more often than those without FC. A strong awareness of constipation was significantly more prevalent among women and homemakers. A history of anemia and cardiovascular disease was significantly more frequent in the strong awareness group, whereas a history of hypertension was more frequent in the weak awareness group.ConclusionsAppropriate and comprehensive management should be provided for FC, based on the understanding of its characteristic features and considering the symptoms and lifestyle.

Eksplorasi Nilai Tradisi pada Konsep Desain Kaos Gandrung Lombok

ABSTRACTThe development of t-shirt design in this decade cannot be separated from how the development and cultural identity in which the design work is presented. Design exploration with a combination of locality values ​​has become an important issue for design products in several t-shirt outlets in Lombok, one of which is Gandrung Lombok. The concept of regional culture became the thematic for the Gandrung Lombok t-shirt design, in addition to other themes. The purpose of this study is focuse on exploring the value of tradition in the concept of Gandrung Lombok t-shirt design as a representation of local cultural values ​​reflected in t-shirt design works on the market. This research uses naturalistic qualitative research methods, by extracting data with natural settings that occur in the field. In this study, findings can befound in the form of Gandrung Lombok designers, who have a strong awareness of making local cultural identities the subject matter of their t-shirt design works in the market. There is an exploration of concepts and ideas in every existing t-shirt design. The exploration in question is changed in two patterns, namely deformation (addition) and stylization (reduction) of shape with a mix of pop colors. Some of the thematics in the design of the Gandrung Lombok t-shirt are, sasak flute blower, drum beleq, songket weaving motifs and mask craft designs. Overall, the elements and ideas for creating the Gandrung Lombok t-shirt design with the theme of tradition are rooted in local activities and culture, namely Lombok culture.

Exploring ethical consumption of generation Z: theory of planned behaviour

PurposeThis study aims to explore the factors that encourage Generation Z consumers to turn an ethical purchase intention into purchase behaviour. Theory of planned behaviour model is applied to understand the Generation Z ethical consumerism.Design/methodology/approachQualitative method in the form of 18 semi-structured interviews was conducted on participants aged within the Generation Z cohort in the UK.FindingsResearch findings show that Generation Z has strong awareness and desire towards ethical and environmental issues. Driven in the main by the cohorts unlimited exposure to social media platforms and online resources where information is shared. Generation Z’s frugality limits them to purchase truly ethically in their current life stage. Financial aspirations from this target market suggest a future desire to purchase high value ethical items. Further trends discovered highlighted sustainable lifestyle choices within the generation. Recycling, diet choices and reduced consumption on clothing were expressed. The paper highlights that Generation Z are aware of ethical issues prevalent in society and are doing what they can at this life stage to make a positive impact.Practical implicationsThis research has valuable implications for both academics and marketers. It provides new insights for scholars into understanding Generation Z decision-making in ethical consumption. It successfully applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour to understand generational consumer behaviour. The findings can assist practitioners to determine effective marketing strategies to persuade Generation Z to act ethically. The research can also be considered when dealing with government legislation when tackling social change in younger population as this appeared important factor for the researched consumers. Marketers should also consider digital influencers as part of their communication campaigns targeting Generation Z users.Originality/valueThis search offers a valuable contribution to current academic findings towards Generation Z research as ethical consumers incorporating TPB framework.

Awareness, Perceptions, and Literacy Surrounding Hearing Loss and Hearing Rehabilitation Among the Adult Population in the United States.

Objective:To characterize current awareness, perceptions, and literacy surrounding hearing loss among the adult population in the United States.Study Design:National cross-sectional survey study.Setting:United States.Patients:Adults between 50 and 80 years of age in the United States.Results:Survey respondents included 1,250 adults between the ages of 50 and 80 years, including 500 who indicated at least moderate hearing loss and were using hearing aids and 750 who denied having hearing loss and were not using hearing aids.Only 9% of patients were able to correctly identify what constitutes a “normal” or “average” range for hearing. By comparison, a “normal” range of values for vision, blood pressure, and total cholesterol were identified correctly by 93%, 85%, and 52% of the 1,250 surveyed adults, respectively. When asked to rank the importance of addressing hearing loss within the context of 10 other common health conditions, hearing loss was ranked third to least important. When considering annual health maintenance, respondents indicated they were “very likely” to have an annual physical exam (72%), a cholesterol test (70%), an eye exam (66%), and bring their pet to a veterinarian (59%) over twice as frequently as having their hearing evaluated (27%).When evaluating awareness surrounding associations between hearing loss and other health and social issues, less than one-fourth indicated strong awareness about links between hearing loss and depression, employability and income, fall risk, dementia, and type 2 diabetes. While most patients acknowledge the potential impacts of hearing loss on safety, quality of life, and health, less than half believe that hearing loss is treatable and less than 20% believe that hearing loss is preventable.Conclusion:Despite widespread literacy of what constitutes normal vision, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels, respondents exhibit substantially poorer understanding of “normal” hearing levels. Most adults believe that few treatment options exist for the management of hearing loss. Underlying the uniformly limited literacy surrounding hearing loss and its treatment options is the adult population's lack of appreciation for the long-term health sequelae of untreated hearing loss.

Menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adolescent girls face several challenges relating to menstruation and its proper management. Lack of adequate sanitary products, inadequate water supply, and privacy for changing sanitary pads continue to leave adolescent girls with limited options for safe and proper menstrual hygiene in many low-income settings, including Ethiopia. These situations are also compounded by societal myths, stigmas surrounding menstruation, and discriminatory social norms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of safe menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia using the available studies. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online (AJOL), Hinari, Science Direct, ProQuest, Direct of Open Access Journals, POPLINE, and Cochrane Library database inception to May 31, 2021. Studies reporting the proportion of menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia were considered. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. Since the included studies revealed considerable heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Of 1,045 identified articles, 22 studies were eligible for analysis (n = 12,330 participants). The pooled proportion (PP) of safe MHM in Ethiopia was 52.69% (95%CI: 44.16, 61.22). The use of commercial menstrual absorbents was common 64.63% (95%CI: 55.32, 73.93, I2 99.2%) followed by homemade cloth 53.03% (95%CI: 22.29, 83.77, I2 99.2%). Disposal of absorbent material into the latrine was the most common practice in Ethiopia 62.18% (95%CI: 52.87, 71.49, I2 98.7%). One in four girls reported missing one or more school days during menstruation (PP: 32.03%, 95%CI: 22.65%, 41.40%, I2 98.2%). This study revealed that only half of the adolescent girls in Ethiopia had safe MHM practices. To ensure that girls in Ethiopia can manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity, strong gender-specific water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities along with strong awareness creation activities at every level are needed.

Novel Targets of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Inhibitors against the Viral Targeted Proteins: A Review

The world-wide pandemic emerged due to severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing viral respiratory disease (COVID-19). An insight into coronavirus drug, vaccine targets and their controlling agents are necessary and important for exploring new drugs and vaccines against the viral activities. Recent drug targets identified includes RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp), papain-like proteases (PLpro), helicases, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) are the proteins which are responsible for the viral replication and viral RNA synthesis. Most of the studies focussed on vaccine targets including spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N) and membrane protein (M) to mitigate the proliferation and concentration of viral particles from infected one to others. Recent works revealed a strong awareness about the use of FDA approved drugs favipiravir, remdesivir, galidesivir, lopinavir, itraconazole, acyclovir and fleximer as repurposed drugs and few phytochemicals were also screened against the activity of viral enzymes to treat the complexity of the viral disease.

A Review on Water-Saving Agriculture in Europe

This paper aims to analyze the research on the current situation of water-saving agriculture development in Europe. Water-saving agriculture in Europe started early, governments and farmers in various countries have a strong awareness of water-saving in agriculture and have achieved certain results. Due to the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of up-to-date field research, the complexity of various agricultural disciplines and categories, and the lack of information sharing, the current cognition of recent progress in the development of water-saving agriculture in Europe is not comprehensive enough. This paper selects four representative European countries: Spain, Germany, Italy, and Denmark as the research objects. Based on the existing research of Chinese and Western scholars, this paper analyzes and studies the current situation of water-saving agriculture in Europe. It has far-reaching significance for other countries in the world to have further development in water-saving agriculture and to protect water resources.

Participation in community screening and hospital-basedmultidisciplinary treatment for early detection and lifeand globe salvage of patients with retinoblastomain developing countries: Authors’ experiences

Each year nearly 8000 new cases of retinoblastoma are detected worldwide. Revolutionary management strategy increased the survival rate of retinoblastoma above 95% but still it is a deadly cancer worldwide. Survival from retinoblastoma depends on income >90% vs 40% (in high to low income countries) and metastases is higher in low-income countries. Forty three percent of global burden lives in 6 countries of Asia. An estimated worldwide death rate is more than 40% and most from Asia and Africa. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South- East Asia region and retinoblastoma constitutes 83% of all pediatric cancer bellow 4 years age group. Early detection of cases and proper referral may decrease the advance disease which may achieved by strong awareness program. To save life and vision multidisciplinary team approach is a time demand now. Chittagong Eye Infirmary is a tertiary eye care center is serving retinoblastoma patients with a multidisciplinary team approach from 2017 and set up chemotherapy facilities in ophthalmic institute. This institute also started screening and local community training program to detect the disease easily and upgraded treatment facility from 2019. From January 2017 to June 2021 total 284 retinoblastoma patients were diagnosed, 104 received chemotherapy and 53 underwent enucleation with long optic nerve. Two hundred fifty six children were screened, 169 primary school teacher and 408 health worker were trained about key sign of retinoblastoma from July 2019 to February 2021. This effort was able to create awareness which showed early presentation of retinoblastoma and seeking treatment of white pupillary reflex than previous period. The hospitals also take care for visual and psycho-social rehabilitation of the retinoblastoma survivals.