Strong Assertions Research Articles

Multiculturalism and cultural warfare

Multiculturalism and Cultural Warfare Wendell V. Harris Literature Lost: Social Agendas and the Corruption of the Humanities, by John M. Ellis; vii & 262 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, $25.00. I It is easy for an American with even a rudimentary social conscience to find multiple evils in American economic, cultural, and social systems and in Western culture generally. Only willful blindness can fail to recognize continuing racial inequality and sexual discrimination, the increasing gulf between the rich and the poor, the existence of millions who lack access to adequate medical care, and a court system that has less to do with justice than with the cleverness of the lawyers one can afford. That the shrill chorus of condemnation flowing from the cultural critics currently dominating university humanities programs can point to such real evils makes it difficult to challenge these critics’ equally real confusions and excesses. Effective response is made doubly difficult by the multitude of political and religious conservatives whose response to all attempts to achieve equality is the cry “freedom is being trampled by political correctness”—one does not care to be mistaken for one of their number. Of those who have chosen to take a stand against the present dominance (within academic and fashionable intellectual circles) of what he calls the race, gender, class (hereafter RGC) critics, John Ellis is one of the most cogent and levelheaded. The title of Ellis’s Literature [End Page 497] Lost: Social Agendas and the Corruption of the Humanities states his central target clearly: since university literature departments have furnished the shock troops of the kind of multiculturalism Ellis deplores, literature is indeed losing its place both as a source of pleasure and as a means of broadening human understanding. The present essay is intended as a commentary on Ellis’s salient analysis of what is being lost through the political use of literary study and associated perversions of the ideal of multicultural understanding. In expressing himself as straight-forwardly and avoiding theoretical constructs as consistently as he does, Ellis runs some risk of being taken as superficial, a possible impression that ought to be corrected at the outset. It has somehow become an article of faith among many that whatever is clear on first reading must be shallow while what is hard, or impossible, to interpret is necessarily of great import. The pleasure of reading Ellis is in fact enhanced by contrast with the ill-written prose many RGC critics produce, an exemplary reminder of which I take from the introduction to a collection of essays on multiculturalism. I think it necessary to rupture more completely the connection insinuated by monoculturalist proponents between the epistemology of universalism and relativism on the one hand, and the politics of universality and particularity on the other. It seems more accurate to reconceive the monoculturally-construed antithetical opposition between universality and particularity at the center of political epistemology as the contrastive relations between generality and specificity. 1 Similarly, although Ellis makes a number of strong assertions, one encounters nothing as sweepingly hyperbolic as the Jameson/Greenblatt-flavored prose of the opening paragraph of “White Terror and Oppositional Agency: Towards a Critical Multiculturalism,” taken from the same anthology. As we approach the year 2000, we increasingly are living simulated identities that help us adjust our dreams and desires according to the terms of our imprisonment as schizo-subjects in an artificially-generated world. These facsimile or imitative identities are negotiated for us by financial planners, corporate sponsors, and marketing strategists through the initiatives of transnational corporations, enabling a privileged elite of white Euro-Americans to control the information banks and terrorize the majority of the population into a state of intellectual and material impoverishment. 2 [End Page 498] Believing in the importance of informing “the literate public” (p. 226), Ellis has directed his book at that audience: his writing is blessedly free of special argots, involuted logic, and dreary strings of abstractions. While I must demur from some of his positions (of which more later), his major arguments deserve much more serious consideration than they presently receive in most college and university classrooms. As Ellis’s own discussion makes evident, while the...

The entire NS ideal on can be precipitous

The main result of this note is showing that if γ and μ are regular uncountable cardinals with γ ≤ μ then the non-stationary ideal (henceforth the NS ideal) on can be precipitous. This strengthens a result of [1] showing, under the same hypotheses, that a restriction of this ideal can be precipitous. See [1, Theorem 29, p. 36]. In fact, we show that even the strongly NS ideal on is precipitous in our model (since the former ideal is a restriction of the latter, the latter's being precipitous is a stronger assertion).More precisely, by starting with a model of “ZFC + ‘κ is a supercompact cardinal’ + ‘μ < κ is a regular uncountable cardinal’ ”, we generate a model of ZFC where all cardinals below and including μ are not collapsed and where the NS and strongly NS ideals on Pγμ are precipitous, for all regular uncountable γ which are less than or equal to μ.As far as consistency strength, we can obtain the same result even if κ is only Woodin in the ground model. However, the proof of this result is more complicated than in the case when κ is a supercompact cardinal. Furthermore, there are essentially no new ideas in adapting the proof relative to a supercompact cardinal to that relative to a Woodin cardinal beyond what appears in, e.g., [2]. We therefore give the complete proof relative to the existence of a supercompact cardinal and then briefly sketch the proof relative to the existence of a Woodin cardinal, using [2] as a reference.

ε–Optimality to approximation in partially ordered spaces

Approximation problems with vecior–valued norms are considered, where The solution concept is that of proper efficiency in multicriterial optimization. From that one a notion of approximately efficient solutions is derived, so called e–properly efficient solutions. Using Ekeland’s well known variational principle it results a slightly perturbed approximation Problem for which a dual problem and a strong duality assertion is established. That is used to get characterizing conditions for an appropriate approximate solution to the original problem. These conditions can be interpreted as generalized Kolmogorov–conditions refering to the well–known Kolmogorov–conditions in scalar best approximation.

Framing Authority: Sayings, Self, and Society in Sixteenth-Century England

Writers in sixteenth-century England often kept commonplace books in which to jot down notable fragments encountered during reading or conversation, but few critics have fully appreciated the formative influence this activity had on humanism. Focusing on the discursive practices of textual fragments and or forming, arranging, and assimilating them, Mary Crane shows how keeping commonplace books made up the English humanists' central transaction with antiquity and provided an influential model for authorial practice and authoritative self-fashioning. She thereby revises our perceptions of English humanism, revealing its emphasis on sayings, collectivism, shared resources, anonymous inscription, and balance of power--in contrast to an aristocratic mode of thought, which championed individualism, imperialism, and strong assertion of authorial voice.Crane first explores the theory of gathering and framing as articulated in influential sixteenth-century logic and rhetoric texts and in the pedagogical theory with which they were linked in the humanist project. She then investigates the practice of humanist discourse through a series of texts that exemplify the notebook method of composition. These texts include school curricula, political and economic treatises (such as More's Utopia), contemporary biography, and collections of epigrams and poetic miscellanies.Originally published in 1993.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Tashkent 1917: Muslim Politics in Revolutionary Turkestan

The complex politics that convulsed Turkestan in 1917 remains one of the least understood aspects of the Russian revolution. A structure of dual power emerged along the familiar liberal-radical divide, but in Turkestan both sides represented the small European (largely Russian) settler population and both were united in an attempt to exclude the indigenous population from participation in the revolutionary process. Parallel political movements developed among the local population, but the axes of division were quite different than those among the settler population. The two political movements interacted in numerous ways throughout the year, producing a pattern of conflict that was in many ways unique in the Russian empire. Western scholarship, hamstrung by lack of access to primary materials, has generally paid little attention to the topic. The slim literature that does exist either attempts to find patterns common to the revolutionary process in the capitals (here visible only among the Russian settler population), and thus to affirm the universality of the revolutionary process; or to understand revolutionary Turkestan through analogy with other borderlands and, not finding patterns deemed normative for the borderlands (for example, a strong assertion of nationalism), is content to stress their absence, taking this as proof of the backwardness of Central Asia. Whether they be William Chamberlin's “primitive Asiatic tribesmen,” or Richard Pierce's “natives” who “stood apart from the revolutionary events,” Central Asians are usually written out of the story of 1917.

'Trust' or Law? Towards an Integrated Theory of Contractual Relations between Firms

Socio-legal studies of business contracting have profoundly affected our understanding of the form and functions of the law of contract. Empirical research has shown that firms frequently dispense with formal planning and make little recourse to the law to resolve contractual disputes, preferring flexibility as a basis for long-term co-operation.2 The orthodox or 'classical' model of contract law, in which contracting parties completely 'presentiate' their future obligations in the agreement and legal remedies for breach of contract provide full protection for their respective expectation interests, appears irrelevant to such a world: effective contractual performance rests less upon the strong assertion of legal rights than upon a set of diffuse and open-ended obligations and assumptions which may be summed up in the idea of 'trust'.3

Information for Control: Another Management Proverb?

As Herbert Simon (1946) pointed out decades ago, some ideas are so powerful that they become uncritically absorbed into the theory and practice of public management. cybernetic theory of information for control is just such a powerful idea (Deutsch, Markovits, and Platt, 1986), and nowhere is this idea more obvious than with information and management control systems (Stout, 1980). A great deal of intellectual and financial resources have been invested in the creation and maintenance of management information systems, nearly all of it grounded in the Principle that information increases management control. Yet, the basic cybernetic principle of information increasing control remains largely unproven and certainly problematic in public management. In this research, we ask the question, Do management information systems lead to greater management control? presumption of information for control is as pervasive in our personal lives as it is in public management. For example, we presume that more and more information about our checking accounts such as the average daily balance on a detailed bank statement, the last three checks to dear as told by a touch-tone teller, or the available balance as reported by the automatic teller helps us to control expenditures, prevent overdrafts, and balance the budget at home. Right? same presumption is true in public management and particularly in project management of large contracts, which is the focus of this research. Public management theorists and practitioners presume that the more and better the information on project cost, schedule, and quality in their computer systems, the greater the project control and the less the actual performance variances (Cleland, 1990; Steiss, 1982). Our research tests the information for control proposition by looking at the management information systems of a random sample of 99 U.S. Air Force defense projects. [TABULAR DATA 1 OMITTED] Information for Control Information is what is communicated about a particular event or situation. Information theory has three strong and persistent assertions: (1) information decreases uncertainty, (2) information slows entropy, and (3) information increases system control (Weiner, 1948; Yates, 1989). Control is the managerial process of decreasing or dampening variance in a system (Anthony, 1965). Just like the quintessential cybernetic thermostat, the process of information increasing control in organizations is presumed to be a natural process of information feedback and deviation correction (Beniger, 1986). Feldman and March (1981) label the cybernetic or engineering approach to information in organizations as the signal hypothesis--the direct, systematic application of information for organizational control. A great deal of management practice and literature continues to enthusiastically support the signal hypothesis. Organization and decision theorists consider information as a prerequisite for control and rational decision making (Lord and Maher, 1990; Steinbruner, 1974). Nowhere is the cybernetic optimism more exuberant, however, than in the design of management information systems for organizations (Senn, 1982). cybernetic model is not only pervasive but has hardly changed since its inception. Yet, experts now caution that, The more the MIS paradigm relies on the cybernetic model, the more it weakens its own legitimacy (LeMoigne and Sibley, 1986, p. 241). Increasingly, practical experience and grounded research are finding the connection between information and control to be less certain. On the cover of a National Academy of Public Administration report (1983) is the picture of Gulliver tied to the beach by hundreds of tiny Lilliputians. picture and the report vividly present the problem of federal managers tied down by their own management control systems. Other research finds that information can have dysfunctional uses such as misrepresentation (Lawler and Rhode, 1976), and rational expectations of using information for decisions is both limited and apparently unordered (Simon, 1957; March, 1988). …

The first direct heteroclinic tangency theorem in two-dimensional maps

A theorem on the non-existence of the first direct heteroclinic tangency, which was previously obtained by the authors for the plane, is extended to include the cases of sphere, cylinder, and torus. The main theorem is obtained using only the Jordan curve theorem. A stronger assertion is obtained with an additional assumption on the change of area.

Conceptual Associations and Weak Existential Assertions

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference between two types of existential assertions, viz. strong existential assertions and weak existential assertions. This distinction is based on the concept of relevance as defined by Sperber and Wilson (1986). The strengh of an existential assertion can be influenced by different factors. In this article, we try to identify the factors which make an existential assertion weak. A particular attention is devoted to the conceptual factors, among which conceptual associations play a prominent role

Self-reference, Self-revision, and Self-containment in Stevens' "Domination of Black"

MEREDITH L. McGILL Self-reference, Self-revision, and Self-containment in Stevens' "Domination of Black" Every poem is a poem within a poem: the poem of the idea within the poem of the words.1 In the selection from the Adagia I have used as my epigraph, Stevens identifies the poem as a structure of containment, specifically , the enclosure of a comprehensible mental construct within a framework of language which exists in a problematic relation to the concept it encloses. The difficulty of specifying this relation is itself both conceptual and linguistic. Intuitively, it is hard to construe two things as mutually constitutive as words and ideas in a relation of subordination and containment. Grammatically, while the use of the subordinating colon and the hierarchizing "within" would seem to enforce a strict division between inside and out (granting the "poem of the idea" a privileged interiority), the use of the word "poem" to describe the logical interior of the structure, the non-semantic exterior, and the overall structure, unseats the stable relation of frame to content and of part to whole. Where telling differences should be marked and boundaries defined, we are offered an undifferentiated sameness. Despite the statement's strong assertion ofhierarchy, this repetition enables reversal and transposition, so that the "poem of the word," the "poem of the idea," and "every poem" become interchangeable and inextricable. While presumably a definition and circumscription of the contents of Arizona Quarterly Volume 46 Number 4, Winter 1990 Copyright © 1990 by Arizona Board of Regents issn 0004- 1610 ii8Meredith L. McGiIl poetry, this statement works to collapse the controlling opposition of container and contained, associating the poem with the condition of an uncertain doubleness—the unstable division of a structure against itself. In this adage, then, Stevens both sanctions and undoes the notion that his poems are containers and that ideas are what they hold. Yet the complex and self-cancelling nature of this statement notwithstanding, it seems to have served as a fairly straightforward directive for an influential tradition of Stevens criticism. Briefly, much formalist criticism of Stevens' poetry seems underwritten by a twofold assumption which can be traced back to the pressure such a statement exerts to regard the "poem of the idea" as both superior to and extricable from the "poem of the word." Not only do many Stevens critics seek to liberate the ideas of self, reality, and imagination which they see as trapped within an obfuscating poetic exterior, many also assume that these ideas can "stand in" for Stevens' poems in an adequate relation of parr to whole (implicitly reversing the status of container and contained).2 This excessive attention to the conceptual and confidence in its adequacy—the conviction that privileging the "poem of the idea" will stabilize and contain the repetitive, recessive action of the "poem within a poem"—is hardly accidental. Throughout his work, Stevens invites the simplifications that his poetry and prose ultimately resist. Through a tendency towards epigrammatic statement in the prose, through the short stanzas and the high propositional content of much of the poetry, and through the incessant self-framing gestures which pervade both the poetry and the prose, Stevens' work parcels itself out for selective representation. Self-framing gestures such as the reformulation of a proposition, the revisionary return of a refrain, or, most prominently , a retrospective, summarizing final stanza, sentence, or line, generate misreadings by asking the critic to take them for the whole, by teasing him or her with the promise ofthe poem's self-adequacy. Stevens' work is often flagrantly self-divisive—not ineffectually, but powerfully so. As such it is acutely susceptible to synecdochic misrepresentation. Deconstructive critics such as Joseph Riddel and J. Hillis Miller have provided a strong counterweight to this privileging of "the poem of the idea" in part by demonstrating how an abyssal structure such as the "poem within a poem" can undermine the relations between part and whole, inside and outside, and container and contained on which such "Domination of Black"1 19 criticism rests.5 Miller in particular has analyzed the displacements and deferrals of meaning produced by the infinitely receding series of the mise-en-abyme. In his analysis...

Grass-Roots Perspectives on Global Policies for Development

Global policy for development emerges out of a process that reaches from the grass roots to global organizations. From a Third World perspective, several typologies of local, national, and international development organizations are presented, along with case studies examining problems encountered in their relationships. From a First World perspective, local development education and advocacy organizations are examined, along with links between these organizations and national organizations, international organizations, and grass-roots organizations in the Third World. Given the strong participatory assertions from the grass roots, is it possible that development (i.e. full development of human potential) can only be achieved by a highly decentralized global policy process? What kinds of state and global institutions, if any, would this imply?

The State and Its Study The Whole and the Parts: The Third Annual John Gaus Lecture

ticism about general seems in some way removed from the spirit that governed most analyses of modernization in the early years of the behavioral revolution, when the search for regularities and universal propositions was earnestly pursued. In a stimulating conceptual chapter, Pye discusses some of the ways in which his thinking about the modernization process has evolved since that time. 10. It is striking that both Samuel Huntington and Myron Weiner chose to conclude their contributions to the retrospective analysis they recently edited of scholarly thinking on political change in the Third World with a strong assertion of the need for greater attention to comparative analysis of the cultural dimensions of modernization. See Myron Weiner and Samuel Huntington, eds., Understanding Political Development (Little, Brown & Co., 1987), pp. 28 and 60.

A note on uncertainty and cooperation in a finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma

An intuitive expectation is that in a finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma, the players will achieve mutual cooperation in at least some periods. Existing explanations for equilibrium cooperation (with agents perfectly informed of one another's characteristics) require that the number of repetitions be unknown, which is in many cases an uncomfortably strong uncertainty assertion. This paper demonstrates that if agents have private information concerning the number of repetitions (as opposed to being completely uninformed), equilibrium mutual cooperation can occur in a finitely repeated game. This appears to be a weaker and more palatable assumption then that of complete uncertainty, and hence provides a natural and useful alternative foundation for mutual cooperation.

Mill, Socialism and the English Romantics: An Interpretation

Among the many writers who tout John Stuart Mill as one of the most outstanding figures of the nineteenth century, there exists something of a fascination with the influences that played upon his life and thought. His thought is, after all, complex, drawn from many sources, and interwoven into a set of theories uniquely his own. The purpose of this paper is to argue that, owing largely to the influence of the English romantics, Mill fundamentally altered his world view and system of thought, and that his investigation of socialism derived primarily from these transformed views. We have from Mill's own Autobiography his version of the evolution of his intellectual development which he centred in his mental breakdown. He wrote of his extraordinary education, his crisis, his discovery of Wordsworth's poetry; of his intellectual excitement over Comte's works and the new ideas of socialism from the Continent; and, of course, of Harriet Taylor. In short, he reviewed all the important influences on his life and thought which effected the healing process and which launched him in a life-long pursuit of incessantly weaving ... anew the fabric of his old ideas and education (Mill, 1965, p. 96). It is this last quality that makes necessary an evolutionary approach to any study of Mill and his work. One must stay with him all the way or be found in dangerous waters of misconception and misrepresentation. Up to now, a look behind the scenes of the formative process of Mill's intellect has been somewhat unsatisfying. In fact, a literary debate abounds concerning the correct claimant of Mill's ideological soul. For example, Mill declared that he was a socialist, but Pedro Schwartz (1972) has denied it.' And Emery Neff (1924) disputed Carlyle's claim of converting Mill from utilitarianism to romanticism and stated that Comte's thought was the changeagent in Mill's philosophy. Again, several recent papers make strong assertions concerning the conclusiveness of Comte's influence, in particular, upon Mill's methodological stance (see Ekelund and Tollison, 1976, 1978; Ekelund and Olsen, 1973). Ekelund and Tollison and Iris Mueller (1956) all hint that both socialists and romantics play a strong part in the formulation of Mill's ideas.2 Robson 1968, p. x Schwartz (1972, pp. 4, 220) and others (e.g. Ekelund and Tollison, 1976, 1978) would doubtless agree that ethical considerations unify Mill's work. Indeed, his chief aim was to make of economics a more progressive and humane science. However, a conclusive resolution of the issues seems clouded with contradictions. How can Mill, trained in analytical thinking and in the use of logical formulae, incorporate the results of his altered views, engendered by his experience with socialism and the English romantic movement, into a consistent and convincing system of thought? This paper seeks to untie the threads of the influence of both groups and to follow them to their source. It will explore the cross-filiations of the groups in order to discover where they converge and where they diverge. This purpose

The Metrical Structure of Psalm 137

T verse has been a subject for lively discussion among scholars for at least two centuries. Yet in spite of the length of time that the topic has been under intensive study, no generally accepted solution has emerged. (A brief survey of previous research into the topic offered by Stuart.)1 Among the different approaches to the problem, the one that seems most productive of insights that of scholars, such as Haupt, Albright, Cross, Freedman, and others, who have proposed that biblical verse syllable counting. Disagreements among these scholars concern details of the syllable counting algorithm as well as the principles of textual interpretation, in particular, such matters as whether the ?gwad mobile counted in establishing the meter, whether segholate nouns are to be counted as disyllabic or monosyllabic, etc. The following analysis of Psalm 137 provides evidence both for a specific syllable counting algorithm, which differs from any previously proposed, as well as for particular principles of textual interpretation that mostly adhere closely to the Masoretic tradition. Questions of textual interpretation that have no metrical consequences, such as, for example, the reading of 't as 'et or 'att are, of course, not dealt with here. The system proposed here not necessarily valid for all or any other part of OT verse. A stronger assertion would require a much more extensive investigation than attempted in this article, but based on the analysis below there can be little doubt that this proposal holds true for Psalm 137; that is, the poet who wrote this psalm read the text and counted syllables in essentially the way presented. The starting point for the present investigation Freedman's study of Psalm 137.2 Freedman points out that the poem's pattern is at once

A Mathematical Foundation for Statistical Neurodynamics

The brain is a large-scale system composed of an enormous number of neurons. In order to understand its functioning, we need to know the macroscopic behavior of a nerve net as a whole. Statistical neurodynamics treats an ensemble of nets of randomly connected neurons and derives macroscopic equations from the microscopic state transition laws of the nets. There arises, however, a theoretical difficulty in deriving the macroscopic state equations, because of possible correlations among the microscopic states. The situation is similar to that encountered in deriving the Boltzmann equation in statistical mechanics of gases. We first elucidate the stochastic structures of random nerve nets. We then derive macroscopic state equations which apply to a wide range of ensembles of random nets. These equations are shown to hold in a weak sense: we prove that the probability that these equations are valid within an arbitrarily small error and for an arbitrarily long time converges to 1 as the number n of the component elements in a random net tends to infinity. We also derive the macroscopic equations describing the dynamic behavior of the state correlations, and prove that these equations hold in the weak sense. The strong assertion which states the uniform convergence in time, is proved for a special class of random nets.

Changes in income distribution and poverty in India: A review of the literature

The belief is widely held that the distribution of income in India has become more unequal over the last fifteen years or so. lndia is sometimes cited as an instance of a ‘law’ of income distribution in the early stages of industrialization. The stronger assertion is also made that the percentage of the population living below an ethically or politically tolerable subsistence level has increased; and in the last few years thegreen revolution has been held to be one of the major causes of growing inequality. This paper is concerned with changes in income distribution or .poverty levels over time, rather than with analysis of the structure of income distribution or poverty at any point of time; the latter problems are dealt with in surveys giving more statistical details, particularly those by Bardhan 191, and Mukherjee, Bhattacharya and Chatterjce [ 431. Before analysing the Indian figures, we survey very briefly generalizations drawn from the experience of other countries, since these, rather than the statistics themselves, seem to have led to the belief that inequality has grown in India. 1

Professionalism: The Need for Standards

The flood of professional publications, which presents an information crisis of the first order, has now begun to produce a second-order crisis in its evaluation. Most professions are inundated with new literature. As a result, only a few books get reviewed, and those that do are often reviewed poorly. According to a political scientist who recently kept score on reviews of his latest book, the malady has several aspects: (1) Books whose subject matter suit them for review in certain journals are not reviewed in those but in other journals that are much less pertinent to the topic; (2) The assignments of individual reviewers to books is haphazard and results in incompetent reviews; (3) The “non-review” prevails: reviewers peddle their own intellectual wares instead of discussing the contents of the book in question and (4) Outright dishonesty occurs: distortion and misquotation shade off into plagiarism. These are strong assertions whose general applicability may not always hold; however, the issue of reviewer competency and the quality of reviews is worth more detailed consideration.

Quotient Spaces Modulo Reductive Algebraic Groups

This conjecture is known to be true when the base field is of characteristic zero. In fact we can then find a linear F and this is an immediate consequence of the complete reducibility of finite dimensional rational G-modules (theorem of H. Weyl). In this paper we present an attempt at the solution of the above conjecture. We have partial success. To state our main result, one first observes (cf. Remark 1.1) that (A) is equivalent to the following stronger assertion.

Fatou's example

Examples due to P. Fatou and L. Biberbach show that Picard's little theorem cannot be extended to apply to holomorphic mappings of the complex space Cn, n>1. These examples are used to construct a pair of functionally independent entire functions of two complex variables such that the image of C2 by the mapping realized by this pair does not contain any sphere. Here we give an example of the same type which implies a stronger assertion concerning the set of values not taken.