Stroke Self-efficacy Research Articles

Fall-recovery Training for Those With Chronic Stroke and Low Falls Self-efficacy

Fall-recovery Training for Those With Chronic Stroke and Low Falls Self-efficacy

IMPLEMENTING OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON PATIENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY REGARDING RECURRENT CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE

Cerebrovascular stroke also known as cerebrovascular accident CVA or attack: is an umbrella term of the common, crippling, and a deadly serious neurologic disease that causes a sudden loss of brain function. Recurrent CVS declared as an individual's history of a previous CVS, can be prevented through effective adherence with therapeutic regimen to enhance individual's self-efficacy. The aim: was to evaluate effect of educational program on knowledge and self-efficacy among patients with recurrent cerebrovascular stroke. Setting: The study was done at Neuropsychiatry department at Suez Canal University hospitals. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Subject: A purposive sample of eighty-four adult patients with recurrent CVS was chosen. Tools: Assessment questionnaire to assess the patient's demographic characteristics, medical history and interview questionnaire to assess the patients' level of knowledge regarding CVS, Stroke Self-efficacy questionnaire to assess the strength of an individual’s belief in own ability to respond difficult or new situations was used. Result: There was positive significant correlation between the studied patient's level of knowledge at the pre, post and follow up phase of the study. Also, there was positive significant correlation between the studied patient's stroke self-efficacy score at the pre, post and follow up phase of the study. Conclusion: Effective implementation of educational program on the studied patients' is necessary to increase the level of knowledge and self-efficacy among patients with recurrent cerebrovascular stroke. Recommendation: Establishing recurrent cerebrovascular stroke's counseling with specialized professional teams is necessary to provide knowledge regarding recurrent cerebrovascular stroke and how improve patients' self-efficacy.

Stroke self-management and the role of self-efficacy

Purpose This study explored the impact of a 12-week stroke self-management program on occupational performance, the role of self-efficacy on improving occupational performance and the potential barriers and facilitators to self-efficacy as reported by clients and careers. Materials and methods Participants (n = 40) were recruited to participate in a self-management program after admission to hospital with diagnosis of stroke. A pre-post study was conducted and data were obtained from participants using: the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews with five participants and two careers. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistics and thematic analysis. Results Significant improvements were observed in occupational performance (t = 11.2; p = 0.001) and satisfaction (t = 9.7; p = 0.001). Self-efficacy was shown to be a significant mediator to improvements in occupational performance (F = 7.08; p < 0.01) and satisfaction (F = 6.52; p = 0.02). Three key barriers and facilitators emerged from the thematic analysis: “Support in making the transition home,” “Getting back to normal,” and “Reflecting on shared experiences.” Conclusions Engagement in a stroke-specific self-management program can improve client-perceived occupational performance and satisfaction. Self-efficacy was shown to be a mediating variable to occupational performance improvements. Future research should explore further the facilitatory strategies of self-efficacy during stroke self-management programs to maximize rehabilitation outcomes. Implications for rehabilitation Multi-modal self-management programs are recommended as effective for improving client-perceived occupational performance of people who have experienced stroke. Returning to valued occupations, goal setting, shared experiences, and local support are recommended components of a self-management program for stroke survivors. Focusing on enhancing client confidence, competence, and self-efficacy is recommended to achieve occupational performance gains through self-management. Occupational therapy coaching is recommended to guide participants through the self-management processes of goal-setting, shared problem-solving, performance evaluation, and reflection.

Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhen stroke survivors return to their lives in society, they often face issues such as physical or cognitive impairment, dependence on others, social isolation, and reduced self-esteem, which may lead to disastrous consequences in patients' self-perceived self-efficacy and self-confidence in everyday life. Self-efficacy plays an important role in the well-being of stroke patients. Accurate assessment of the stroke patients' self-efficacy by health professionals is critical to obtaining data regarding their functioning levels.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (T-SSEQ).MethodsA sample of 185 stroke patients (mean age = 64.78 ± 10.7) was recruited from a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected between April and October 2016. Translation and back-translation processes were used to translate the T-SSEQ into Turkish. Data were analyzed using the Rasch partial credit model with the Winsteps program to investigate the response scale analysis, tests of fit to the model, unidimensionality, local dependency, item and person separation reliability, separation index, and differential item functioning.ResultsThe Rasch analysis showed goodness of fit for both the activity and self-management subscales. Moreover, both scales were identified as being unidimensional in structure. Furthermore, the participants were able to distinguish between the categories of the response options, and scale reliability was supported for both subscales using Rasch analyses.Conclusions/Implications for PracticeThese results indicate that the T-SSEQ is acceptable for use with Turkish stroke patients in both practice and research settings. Furthermore, the questionnaire is suitable for nurses to use in designing interventions and evaluating stroke patients' self-efficacy in clinics, home care, and rehabilitation centers.

The Effect Of Self Efficacy Towards Independency Level Of Post-Stroke Patient In General Hospital Neuro Policlinic Ulin Banjarmasin

Background: Stroke is a disease of brain function disorder of the nerves in the form of local and global roomates have impact to physical and physcological. Stroke is the third causes of death in Indonesia and in South Kalimantan every 9.2 per mill areas, stroke cases had happened. There are 1258 cases in 2015 hospitalized in Ulin General Hospital.&#x0D; Purpose: To analyze the effect of self-efficacy on towards the Independence level of post-stroke patient in general hospital neuro policlinic Ulin Banjarmasin&#x0D; Methods: The methodology that use in this study is descriptive analytics, the total respondents in this study is 33 respondents. Collecting the data in this study is using the Stroke Self-Efficacy and Barthel index questionare. The Data Analyzed by Kendal Tau test &#x0D; Result: According to this study to 33 respondent Obtained results. The respondents who have high self efficafy as 25 (75.7%), moderate self efficacy as many as seven respondents (21.2%) and has low self-efficacy is one respondents (3.0%) and to the independence levelof post-stroke patient variables who had Categorized to independence are 14 respondents (42.4%), need minimal assistance 5 respondents (15.2%), partially need assistance in three respondents (9.0%), dependece assistance is five respondents (15.2%) and total assistance in six respondents (18.2%). the analysis result by Kendal Tau get p value = 0.044. the strength of the correlation is r = 310 it was statethat signifficant there is a moderate correlation and the direction are positive correlation.&#x0D; Conclusion: There signifficant There is correlation between self-efficacy to the Independence level of post-stroke patient

Community-Based Participatory Research.

Background and Purpose—Acute stroke treatments are underutilized primarily because of delayed hospital arrival. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we explored stroke self-efficacy, knowledge, and perceptions of stroke among a predominately African American population in Flint, Michigan. Methods—In March 2010, a survey was administered to youth and adults after religious services at 3 churches and during 1 church health day. The survey consisted of vignettes (12 stroke, 4 nonstroke) to assess knowledge of stroke warning signs and behavioral intent to call 911. The survey also assessed stroke self-efficacy, personal knowledge of someone who had experienced a stroke, personal history of stroke, and barriers to calling 911. Linear regression models explored the association of stroke self-efficacy with behavioral intent to call 911 among adults. Results—Two hundred forty-two adults and 90 youths completed the survey. Ninety-two percent of adults and 90% of youth respondents were African A...

Abstract WP240: Community Engagement for Early Recognition and Immediate Action in Stroke (CEERIAS): Exploring Stroke Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Trust in the Healthcare System in Chicago

Introduction: In a segregated city like Chicago with distinct neighborhood characteristics, a discrepancy between neighborhoods in stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and trust in the medical system could impact stroke outcomes. Methods: As part of a study which implemented a culturally-tailored stroke preparedness intervention targeting South (S) Side Chicago communities, individuals attending community health events were recruited in S neighborhoods and North (N) Side neighborhoods pre- and one-year post-intervention to assess stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and trust. Independent stand-alone pre- and post-sample cohorts were purposefully recruited to match demographics. Survey outcomes included knowledge (assessed via Stroke Action Test, STAT), self-efficacy (Likert scale), trust (Health Care Trust Survey), and stress (Likert). Zip codes divided subjects into S/N neighborhoods. Two-sample t-tests compared cohorts, and interactions between race/ethnicity-time and neighborhood-time were tested, with multivariable linear regression when statistically (p&lt;0.05) significant. Results: We recruited 364 subjects pre-intervention (S=199, N=165) and 363 subjects post-intervention (S=198, N=165) who were well-matched in race/ethnicity, sex, and education, though the post-group was slightly younger (p=0.04). Unadjusted analysis revealed increases post-intervention in stroke knowledge (p=0.07), self-efficacy (p&lt;0.0001), trust (p&lt;0.0001), and stress scores (p&lt;0.0001). After adjusting for race/ethnicity, gender, and age, the N post-group had greater gains in knowledge (N: 4.0, p=0.02 vs. S: 0.7, p=0.69), self-efficacy (N: 2.3, p&lt;0.0001 vs. S: 0.7, p&lt;0.0001), trust (N: 0.8, p&lt;0.0001 vs. S: -0.1, p=0.20) and stress (N: -0.3, p&lt;0.0001 vs. S: -0.1, p=0.04). Conclusions: The observed gains in stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, trust, and stress, greater in the North Side of Chicago, could signal overall improved public health messaging around stroke recognition and treatment, but could also point to socioeconomic factors that may have disproportionately benefited North Side residents. Further focused research to understand neighborhood factors which influence stroke awareness and action is necessary.

\u201cStroke - 65 Plus. Continued Active Life\u201d: a study protocol for a randomized controlled cross-sectoral trial of the effect of a novel self-management intervention to support elderly people after stroke

BackgroundElderly people represent the majority of stroke cases worldwide. Post-stroke sequelae frequently lead to a more isolated life. Restricted social relations render older individuals with stroke a vulnerable group, especially in terms of social reintegration. Reintegration into the community after a stroke largely depends on support from the family. However, close relatives are at risk of becoming overburdened. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a novel self-management intervention to support elderly people after stroke.Methods/DesignRandomized controlled trial. Two weeks before discharge from a rehabilitation hospital/center, individuals with stroke aged > 65 years will be randomized either to a group receiving conventional neurorehabilitation (control) or to an additional novel self-management intervention. In the intervention group, patients with stroke will be offered eight self-management sessions of 45–60 min duration by a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist during a period of nine months after discharge. Inclusion will continue until at least 35 individuals in each group have been recruited.Study outcome measurements: Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire, a short version of Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale, Impact on Participation and Autonomy and Caregiver Burden Scale. Furthermore, physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers. All outcomes except “impact on participation” and “autonomy” will be assessed at baseline, three months, and nine months after discharge. Impact on participation and autonomy will be assessed at three and nine months after discharge.Patient, informal caregiver, and therapist satisfaction will be examined by way of questionnaires and interviews.DiscussionSelf-management interventions are promising strategies for rehabilitation, potentially increasing self-efficacy, quality of life, as well as participation and autonomy. The introduction of a novel self-management intervention in combination with traditional physical and occupational therapy may enhance recovery after stroke and quality of life and lessen the burden on relatives. This trial “Stroke - 65 Plus. Continued Active Life,” will provide further evidence of self-management strategies to clinicians, patients, and health economists.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03183960. Registered on 12 June 2017.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of an Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Treatment to Address Psychological Distress in a Stroke Self-Management Program

This is a case-study of a Hispanic man who had an ischemic stroke and was participating in a stroke self-management (SSM) program. He was identified as having comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression that were not addressed by the SSM program and was subsequently enrolled in the Enhance Psychological Coping after Stroke (EPiC) program. EPiC is a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment integrating mental and stroke-related behavioral health principles that is delivered concurrent to the SSM program. Over the course of six sessions, the participant learned psychological symptom and behavioral monitoring, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring, deep breathing, calming thoughts, social support, and problem-solving skills aimed at overcoming barriers to engagement in behaviors taught in the SSM program. Client-centered psychological distress and behavioral health treatment goals were integrated into each session. The client demonstrated reduced anxiety symptoms and improved stroke SSM behaviors at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after the initiation of treatment. He also improved in disability, social role limitations, quality of life, and stroke self-efficacy at 18 weeks following the initiation of treatment. This case study demonstrates that incorporating an integrated cognitive behavioral treatment to an SSM program can be beneficial for decreasing psychological symptom barriers to SSM, which may reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.

Effect of sensory-motor training on gait quality and executive functioning of chronic stroke survivors

Traditionally gait was believed to be an automated task; however current research shows that walking involves higher cognitive functions i.e. executive function (EF). Optimal EF allows allocation of appropriate attentional resources to performing motor tasks correctly and effectively and is severely affected in stroke survivors. Limited research has been done on the effectiveness of sensory-motor training (SMT) on cognitive functioning in stroke. It is hypothesized that SMT may improve this motor-cognitive interaction during gait, as well as EF. This study endeavoured to determine if an eight-week SMT programme would influence executive functioning and dual task gait quality in chronic stroke survivors. This pre-post study design consisted of ten chronic stroke survivors (67 ± 14 years; ≥ 6 months since stroke) with no severe cognitive impairment (24 ± 2 score on Montreal Cognitive Assessment) who participated in the eight-week SMT programme, three times a week (45–60 minutes per session) under therapist-supervision. A two-minute walk test assessed single (ST) and dual task (DT) spatial-temporal gait variables; while EF was assessed with an adapted Stroop, Trail Making (Part A and B) and Verbal Digit Span Forward and Backward tests. Stroke-related self-efficacy was determined by completing the Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire. No significant changes were found in EF or ST gait variables. DT stride velocity ( P = 0.05, d = 0.39, 95% CI: −11.07 to −0.73), paretic stride velocity ( P = 0.04, d = 0.40, 95% CI: −11.34 to −1.18), cadence ( P = 0.03, d = 0.78, 95% CI: −19.04 to −2.50), stride time ( P = 0.02, d = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.40) and peak medio-lateral trunk acceleration ( P = 0.02, d = 0.45, 95% CI: −5.93 to −1.16) showed improvement. Stroke-related self-efficacy ( P < 0.001; d = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.26 to 4.57) also improved. Preliminary findings suggest that SMT have some benefits for improving cognitive-motor interaction during walking, while also improving factors that specifically influence performance in stroke survivors. Furthermore, studies should investigate the use of DT as an ecological assessment tool for stroke survivor's EF.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire – Denmark (SSEQ-DK)

ABSTRACTObjective The objective of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) from English to Danish in order to create a Danish version of the measure, SSEQ-DK, and to assess psychometric properties in the form of internal consistency and face validity.Methods The adaptation process followed standard guidelines, in five stages: (I) initial translation, (II) synthesis, (III) back translation, (IV) expert committee, and (V) pretest involving 30 stroke survivors. Face validity was assessed in the expert committee and, based on results from the pretest, internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s α.Results There was a high level of agreement in the translations. Some adjustments were made, primarily with regard to semantic equivalence. Thirty stroke survivors participated in the pretest, evaluating the relevance of the questionnaire on a Likert scale: not relevant (0%), somewhat relevant (10%), relevant (40%), and very relevant (50%). The perceived difficulty of completing the questionnaire was also evaluated on a Likert scale: very easy (30%), easy (43.3%), neither easy nor difficult (26.7%), difficult (0%), and very difficult (0%). Face validity was satisfactory, and the SSEQ-DK showed good internal consistency (0.89).Conclusion The translation and cultural adaptation of the SSEQ to SSEQ-DK appears to be successful, with good face validity and internal consistency along with a high level of relevance and comprehensibility. Further assessment of the inter- and intra-reliability of SSEQ-DK is required before it can be recommended in clinical use.

Neighborhood differences in stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and barriers to calling 9-1-1 in Chicago (S40.008)

Neighborhood differences in stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and barriers to calling 9-1-1 in Chicago (S40.008)

Translation and validation study for the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire in stroke survivors.

Self-efficacy has been shown to play an important role in rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a Turkish translation of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. This methodological study was conducted in a private acute stroke unit in Istanbul, Turkey. After obtaining the Institutional Review Board's approval and site consent, a translated version of the 13-item Likert-type scaled questions was tested for language and content validity. A pilot study with 10 patients was followed by recruitment of 130 stroke patient participants, with 50 patients retested after 3weeks. The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Turkish had excellent content validity index and face validity index scores. Confirmatory factor analysis findings revealed a single factor structure that offered good model suitability. Cronbach alpha was 0.93 for the scale and its subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference between the items according to test-retest scores (P>0.05), and a reliability index was over 0.80. The Turkish version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool, recommended for use in clinical rehabilitation and stroke self-management/self-efficacy interventions.

Abstract WP175: Neighborhood Differences in Stroke Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Barriers to Calling 9-1-1 in Chicago

Introduction: Differences in self-efficacy, stroke knowledge, and symptom recognition during acute stroke may affect calling 9-1-1, time to hospital arrival, and stroke outcomes. In a segregated city like Chicago, with significant disparities in stroke outcomes, comparing differences between geographic neighborhoods could reveal important areas for focused interventions. Methods: The ongoing Community Engagement in Early Recognition and Immediate Action in Stroke (CEEERIAS) study is a community- and patient-partnered intervention to improve early hospital arrival for stroke patients in Chicago. As part of study analysis, we conducted surveys of a sample of Chicago residents to assess stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and barriers to calling 9-1-1. Subjects, recruited at community events, were separated into North Side (N) and South Side (S) groups by subject zip code. Surveys included the validated Stroke Action Test (STAT) for knowledge, self-efficacy scales for willingness to call 9-1-1 for stroke, and the Health Care Trust Survey for trust. Results: A total of 364 subjects participated (199 in N group and 165 in S group; 55% female [S: 63.6% vs. N: 48.3%]). The N group was more educated while the S group had greater interest in participating in the CEERIAS study, more health problems, and more recent hospital visits. Though stroke knowledge using the STAT was similar, the N group felt more confident recognizing a stroke (p&lt;0.0001). The S group was less likely to believe that immediate hospital care improved post-stroke survival and more likely to believe doctors treated that black patients differently than whites, that hospitals covered up mistakes, and that hospitals experimented on people without consent. The S group was more likely to not call 9-1-1 for fear of financial costs, compared to the N group (23.5% vs. 4.5%, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Though both neighborhoods had similar levels of stroke knowledge, the subjects living on the South Side had higher mistrust of hospitals and were less likely to call 9-1-1 due to financial costs. Understanding neighborhood-level perceptions of healthcare and barriers allows for development and implementation of targeted, nuanced community-partnered interventions to reduce disparities in stroke outcomes.

Video-based educational intervention associated with improved stroke literacy, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction.

Background and purposeInterventions are needed to improve stroke literacy among recent stroke survivors. We developed an educational video for patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsA 5-minute stroke education video was shown to our AIS and ICH patients admitted from March to June 2015. Demographics and a 5-minute protocol Montreal Cognitive Assessment were also collected. Questions related to stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction were answered before, immediately after, and 30 days after the video.ResultsAmong 250 screened, 102 patients consented, and 93 completed the video intervention. There was a significant difference between pre-video median knowledge score of 6 (IQR 4–7) and the post-video score of 7 (IQR 6–8; p<0.001) and between pre-video and the 30 day score of 7 (IQR 5–8; p = 0.04). There was a significant difference between the proportion of patients who were very certain in recognizing symptoms of a stroke pre- and post-video, which was maintained at 30-days (35.5% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.01; 35.5% vs. 54.4%, p = 0.02). The proportion who were “very satisfied” with their education post-video (74.2%) was significantly higher than pre-video (49.5%, p<0.01), and this was maintained at 30 days (75.4%, p<0.01). There was no association between MoCA scores and stroke knowledge acquisition or retention. There was no association between stroke knowledge acquisition and rates of home blood pressure monitoring or primary care provider follow-up.ConclusionsAn educational video was associated with improved stroke knowledge, self-efficacy in recognizing stroke symptoms, and satisfaction with education in hospitalized stroke patients, which was maintained at 30 days after discharge.

Effectiveness of Social Support in Coping with Stroke by Medically Ill Patient in Ibadan

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI) or brain attack, is when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death, there is need for concurrent coping with stroke demand cognitive effort from the patient. Social support intervention is best started as early (at diagnosis) and demands continuous effort. Hence, the study examines the effectiveness of social support in coping with stroke by medically ill patient in Ibadan. The study is a descriptive survey research and a total of 50 stroke patients attending the government hospital of Adeoyo, Ibadan were purposively selected for the study. The study adopted the researchers, Multidimensional Scale of Social Support and the result yielded r=0.78 while coping with stroke was measured using a scale from Journal compilation (2008) Blackwell publishing Ltd. titled stroke self-efficacy questionnaire, the result yielded 0.81. The study developed five hypotheses and pearson product moment correlation was used to analyze of the findings. The result revealed that, there was a significant effect of family support on coping with stroke by the medically ill patients (r=0.352, N=50, p<0.05), there was a significant effect of financial support on coping with stroke by the medically ill patients (r=0.658, N=50, p<0.05), there was a significant relationship of emotional support on coping with stroke by the medically ill patients (r=0.402, N=50, p<0.05), there was a significant effect of companionship support on coping with stroke by the medically ill patients (r=0.654, N=50, p<0.05), the multiple regression analysis showed that, Family Support (β=-0.391, p<0.05) had significant effect followed by Financial Support (β=0.418, p<0.05), followed by Emotional Support (β=0.165, p<0.05) and Companionship Support (β=0.7878, p<0.05)Hence, the study revealed that, living with stroke requires joint effort of family support, financial support, emotional support and companionship support to help make the necessary changes to cope and adapt to stroke.

Self-management and self-efficacy in stroke survivors: validation of the Italian version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

Self-efficacy is an important mediator of the adaptation process after stroke. However, few studies have attempted to measure self-efficacy in a stroke population. The most recently developed scale is the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire that measures self-efficacy ratings in specific domains of functioning relevant for a stroke survivor. The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire in stroke survivors. Cross-sectional study. Three Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Units located in public hospitals. 149 adult patients recruited after their first stroke. Patients were assessed using the Self-efficacy in stroke survivors questionnaire, the Modified Barthel Index, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Short Form Health Survey. Patients (38.3% female, mean age 69.3 years) completed the Self-efficacy in stroke survivors questionnaire with the help of an interviewer. Using confirmatory factor analysis two factors were identified (activity and self-management). The factor score 'activity' was significantly associated with the Modified Barthel Index and with the physical component of the Short Form Health Survey, but uncorrelated with the mental component of the Short Form Health Survey and with the Geriatric Depression Scale, supporting the convergent/discriminant validity of the instrument. The 'self-management' factor was weakly associated with the Modified Barthel Index, the physical and mental components of the Short Form Health Survey and uncorrelated with the Geriatric Depression Scale, suggesting that it measures a different construct. When we categorized patients according to their walking status, we found that the walking group had significantly higher scores on the activity factor than the non-walking group, while no significant differences were found concerning the self-management factor. The findings supported the validity of the Italian version of the Stroke Self-efficacy questionnaire . It measures two dimensions of self-efficacy, activity and self-management, strongly related to independence and recovery after stroke and therefore it represents a useful tool to assess self-efficacy. The Italian version of the Stroke Self-efficacy questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of self-efficacy. Clinicians can use this instrument to target rehabilitation interventions according to patients' individual confidence in their functional and self-management capacity and in order to set realistic goals.

Community-based Rehabilitation Training after stroke: protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial (ReTrain)

IntroductionThe Rehabilitation Training (ReTrain) intervention aims to improve functional mobility, adherence to poststroke exercise guidelines and quality of life for people after stroke. A definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) is...

Establishing equivalence of a Chinese version of the stroke specific quality of life measure for stroke survivors

Introduction: The Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale is a stroke-specific measure of health-related quality of life. However, there has been no Chinese (Hong Kong) version of the scale.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the translated version (SSQOL-C) among stroke survivors. Participants completed SSQOL-C, and the Chinese versions of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ-C) and Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Thirty of these participants completed the same questionnaires after 4 weeks.Results: A total of 135 stroke survivors (mean age 58.90 ± 9.75) were recruited. SSQOL-C had good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas for each domain ranging from 0.63 to 0.90. Most domains had moderate to high correlations with similar dimensions of SF-36, SSEQ-C, FAI and Barthel ADL Index total scores (Spearman’s rho: 0.40–0.77, p < 0.01), suggesting acceptable convergent validity. Principal component analyses suggested an 11-factor model in contrast to the 12-factor model for the original scale with six new factors emerging and five original factors retained.Discussion: The results suggest SSQOL-C is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Chinese stroke survivors’ health-related quality of life. More studies are needed to confirm the 11-factor model of the scale.Implications for rehabilitationThe translated Chinese version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Chinese stroke survivors’ health-related quality of life.An 11-factor model in contrast to the 12-factor model for the original scale with six new factors emerging and five original factors retained.

Correlation between self-efficacy and fall efficacy in patients with stroke

Objective To explore the relationship between self efficacy and fall efficacy in patients with stroke. Methods The falls efficacy scale-international(FES-I) and the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire(SSEQ) were applied to 300 patients with stroke. Results The FES-I score of the participants was 39.13±16.40, the scores of the indoor activity dimension and outdoor activity dimension were (26.01±11.13) and (18.33±7.76), respectively. The total mean score of SSEQ was (40.11 ± 22.37), the scores of the activity function dimension and self-management dimension were (24.97±14.40)and (15.14±8.35), respectively. FES-I scores were positively correlated with SSEQ scores (r=0.550-0.802, P<0.05). Falls efficacy could explain 34.3% and 36.8% variation amount for each dimension of self-efficacy in patients with stroke. Conclusion Falls efficacy is closely related to self-efficacy in patients with stroke. In order to improve the quality of medical care, medical staff should pay attention to the occurrences of reduction of self-efficacy and self-esteem in patients with stroke when they avoid falling during some activities. Key words: Stroke; Self-efficacy; Fall efficay; Correlation