4-stroke Gasoline Engine Research Articles

Improvement in Efficiency of Four Stroke Petrol Engine Blend with Butanol Using Hydrogen Supplementation

Hydrogen is seen as one of energy vector of the next century. Hydrogen, as a renewable energy source provides a potential form sustainable development particular in transportation sector. The hydrogen driven engine reduces both local as well as global emission. Hydrogen gas is in brown color and form of un-separated hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolysis process of water by a unique electrode design. Hydrogen gas was used as a supplementary fuel in a petrol engine with few modifications and without need of storage tanks. As hydrogen, Butanol is also used as fuel in engine. Blending of small proportion of petrol and butanol can be used in petrol engine without modification of engine. Using of butanol with petrol improve performance of engine. As hydrogen gas is used as a supplementary and butanol is blend with petrol, it will enhance the combustion characteristics of petrol engine and improve performance. In this project we are going to analyze the performance characteristics of petrol engine with butanol blends using HHO kit. Key Words: Hydrogen, Four stroke petrol engine, Butanol

Performance and Emission Control Testing in SI Engines by Using Tetra Butyl Alcohol and Camphor Oil Blends

Abstract: This paper proposes predicting the emission characteristics and performance of an 4 stroke petrol engine by using tetra butyl alcohol and camphor oil blends. For experimentation we had used tetra butyl alcohol as an alcohol additive and camphor oil as an oil-based additive. However, the experiments are performed in a 4 stroke 4-cylinder spark ignition engine at 5 different revolutions per minute such as 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 and also with three different loads such as 2, 6 and 10 kg with different range of blends, for alcohol such as 0 to 10 % with an interval of 2% and for camphor oil ranging from 0 to 5 ml. During experimentation I had found some parameters such as brake power, volumetric efficiency etc. Which really tells about behavior of additives and also engine. Results show that testing properties of five blends and also the tetra butyl alcohol, camphor oil with gasoline improves the emissions approximately to the petrol. During this study I had predicted accurately about the performance of spark ignition engine and it’s emission characteristics

Experimental Research of the Effects of Benzoylthiourea Derivative Fuel and Gasoline Mixtures on Engine Performance and Emissions

In this study, the influences of Benzoylthiourea Derivative Fuel N-(2-amino-5-bromo-1,dihydropyridine-1-yl)carbonothioyl)-2-chlorobenzamide as an additive into gas-oline were researched on engine performance and exhaust emissions. For this reason, a single-cylinder four stroke gasoline engine was run at wide open throttle, and 2400, 2800, 3200, 3600 and 4000 rpm engine speeds. The changes of engine torque, power output, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, CO, CO2 and HC emissions were experi-mentally investigated.

Design, Analysis & Optimization of Muffler for Four Stroke Petrol Engine Motorcycle

Abstract: Objective: The exhaust pipe is subjected to several stresses, most of which are due to vibration. Particular attention should be given to gas forces which will induce vibration. These vibrations will then induce a fatigue life to the system. It is therefore necessary to study the fatigue behavior of the exhaust pipe by analyzing the vibration modes and the response of vibrations by its sources. Methods: The vibrations of silencer are affecting the performance of silencer and it is uncomfortable to operators. So, it is necessary to analyze the vibrations which would further help to minimize cracks, improving life and efficiency of silencer. the main goal of this project will be to design a new automobile exhaust piper muffler (silencer) is to increase the durability of its life. Decrease the weight, and reduce the manufacturing cost with efficient working condition. design, analyze the model using ANSYS workbench static structural and model analysis for vibration study. If muffler or silencer part impacts high vibrations, or stress then topology will be conducted to solve the high stress concentration and vibrational impacts

Simulation based analysis to study the effect of compression ring crown height in ring liner assembly on the performance of four stroke petrol engine

Among different piston rings of an Internal Combustion Engine (IC), the top compression ring-liner assembly shared a momentous amount of the total frictional losses, particularly at the Top Dead Center (TDC) and Bottom Dead Center (BDC) where boundary lubrication subsists. In the present study, the lubrication mechanism in piston ring cylinder liner conjunction for top compression ring using one dimensional Reynolds equation assuming axisymmetric contact was studied. The hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes were taken during the study. Gumbel boundary conditions were used for Reynolds equation solution. For boundary pressure calculation, first, combustion chamber pressure variation was determined, then, interring pressure was calculated assuming orifice volume method by solving mass flow rate through crevice volumes using Runge-Kutta 4th order method. The Reynolds equation was solved using finite difference method. Whole solution process was repeated for different engine speed and crown height of top compression ring to study the effect of them in wear and power loss. First, the solution was found for 3000, 5000 and 7500 RPM keeping constant crown height of 10 µm. Average power loss was found to be increased with the increasing engine speed. There was increased in oil film thickness around mid-stroke with the increased engine speed, but there was no significant change in film thickness with the engine speed at the TDC and BDC positions. Then, the solution was again repeated for different RPM varying the crown height. The compression ring with lower crown height showed the better wear performance by increasing the minimum film thickness in critical zones of engine cycle for all RPM. The crown height of 5,7 and 9 µm gave the minimum power loss (77.89, 163.47 and 297.33 W) for 3000, 5000 and 7500 rpm. Moreover, the power loss in the range of 5-9 µm had no significant differences.

Modelling and additive manufacturing of a four stroke petrol engine using PLA material

Modelling and additive manufacturing of a four stroke petrol engine using PLA material

Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four stroke Gasoline engine under Formulated Neem oil as base lubricant

An attempt is made in this paper to use the neem oil as a lubricant to operate a gasoline engine. Basically, the raw oil is modified twice through esterification method and made into Neem Trimethylolpropane ester (NTMPE). A four stroke single cylinder petrol engine is utilized to conduct experiments. Engine is lubricated under various blends of NTMPE with mineral oil. The performance and emission study is made under these blends of lubrication. The obtained results are compared with the outcome under petroleum oil mode of lubrication. The outcomes show that 10 % drop in fuel consumption and marginal improvement mechanical efficiency is noticed when the engine is operated under NTMPE20-MO80 mode of lubrication. About 9 % increase in thermal efficiency is observed under NTMPE20-MO80 blend. Emission results shows that 8 % drop in unburnt HC and 10 % lower CO, under various blends of biolubricants and petroleum oil. Particularly, when the engine is operated under NTMPE20 – MO80 mode of lubrication, lowest CO and unburnt HC are observed.

Design and Analysis of Two Stroke Engine with Stratified Fuel Injection System

This project emphasis on design of a manifold to incorporate Stratified Fuel injection into a two stroke petrol engine. The inlet and exhaust ports of the two stroke engine are replaced by the manifold. An in-depth literature survey on types of fuel injection system with special emphasis on Stratified Fuel Injection Technique. The conceptual design for a two stroke petrol Engine central around incorporating the proposed changes to intake and exit of charge. The fresh charge intake is based of stratified fuel injection technique. The concept is further proposed in detail with theoretically appropriates design of the concept proposed. The data for this design is based of the mass produced Honda RX 100 two stroke engine. The design components viz. the piston and connecting rod are structurally analysed based on research data from ref (2) and ref (1) respectively. Thermal analysis of the manifold is performed based on research data from ref (2).

Comprehensive studies on alcohol using port fuel injection facilitated with spark plug engine

Abstract The spark ignition engines are universally used for automobile applications as a result of their consistent performance and economy. Regarding SI engine utilization in such applications global issues are concerned like NOx, HC, CO. Alternative fuels are the fuels of present and future. More and more vehicles are switching to alternative fuels worldwide. Usage of different fuels also reduces emissions which has further pushed demand for eco-friendly fuels. during this direction interest is concentrated on reducing formation of NOx & PM.Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) may be a technique to attenuate NOx and smoke emission. the foremost reliable alternative possibility to deal with critical emissions is to use oxygenated fuels like ethanol, butanol and ether etc. which are renewable. Experimental investigations are performed out on one cylinder four stroke petrol engine producing an influence output of 5.2 kw In this experiment ethanol blends are used alongsideconventional gasoline. The blends used are 75% Ethanol 25% petrol, 50% Ethanol 50% petrol, 75% petrol 25% Ethanol alongsidethis performance parameters like ignition timing, Brake thermal efficiency and Emissions like HC, CO, NOx are monitored.

A review on existing single cylinder 4 stroke petrol engine design analysis

Vehicles of recent times have developed trends to reduce pollution, specific fuel consumption, vehicle weight, noise and to improve aerodynamic profiles and stability of vehicles. The vehicle engine performance and emission are projected to be dependent on physical parameters like the diameter of cylinder, stroke length, fuel supply, combustion methods and speed and compression ratio. This paper aims to examine and interpret the existing engine performance characteristics and to create a new model engine. In this research work, existing 120 single cylinder, 4-stroke petrol bike engine was investigated based on the following data like Stroke length (L), Bore (B), Compression ratio (Cr), Cubic centimeter (Cc), Brake horse power (BHP) and Torque (T). In this research, with respect to stroke length compare the design and performance parameters. Stroke length of the engine increase while increasing the engine bore. The engine stroke length is directly proportional to the maximum brake horse power and torque. Compression ratio slightly decrease while increasing the engine stoke length. The result indicates resemblance between the prevailing vehicles and give a new idea to design a new model single cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine with high performance and low emission condition.

Pengaruh Temperatur Mesin Terhadap Kadar Emisi NOx pada Motor dengan Bahan Bakar Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

The increase in NOx levels produced by CNG-fueled engines occurs when the fuel switches from gasoline to gas fuel (CNG). The author changed the otto 4 stroke gasoline engine, into a CNG-fueled motorbike and provided additional cooling in the form of a burst of air to the cylinder block. Changes in engine block temperature are detected using a temperature sensor placed on the engine oil. Bursts of air cooling result in temperature changes in engine oil. Changes in engine oil temperature are accompanied by changes in the resulting NOx emissions. This study shows that with a decrease in engine oil temperature in the combustion engine, NOx emission levels also decrease. From the research results it can be ignored that by providing additional air bursts will be able to reduce NOx emissions by up to 18%

Reduction of Carbon-Monoxide Content from Four Stroke Petrol Engine by using Subsystem

A method for removing carbon monoxide from exhaust gas of a petrol engine through catalytic reduction by the use of catalyst in presence of cuprous aluminium oxide is performed. This method feeds cuprous oxide into exhaust gas proportionately to the product of revolution number of petrol engine. The catalytic performance of cuprous aluminium oxide catalyst for carbon monoxide hydro generation and addition of promoter cuprous aluminium results in slide modification silencer. Many methods are used to control the emission rate but it is not getting reduced and for efficient benefits we are using a mechanical device called emission sub system. A lit was created mainly to reduce CO from the exhaust of the vehicle. It reduces the physical effects and global warming. To meet the emission standard bs6 CO emission may reduce the effect of toxic content present in the exhaust.

Design of Components of 4 Stroke Engine u sing Hybrid Metal Matrix

In the present study of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs), specifically speaking, in our case Al-SiC-graphite have been discussed on the basis of literature review, comprising of similar characteristics of base aluminum alloy but not completely identical. Aluminum metal matrix composites have different properties when compared with Cast Iron and Aluminum. This difference in properties gives us a chance to design components which may give better results than the conventional ones. In a new approach, we are trying to develop new components for 4 Stroke Petrol Engine namely piston & connecting rod, which would have better Tensile Strength, Young’s Modulus & Low Thermal Conductivity as compared to the pure Aluminum. Paper Setup must be in A4 size with Margin: Top 0.7”, Bottom 0.7”, Left 0.65”, 0.65”, Gutter 0”, and Gutter Position Top. Paper must be in two Columns after Authors Name with Width 8.27”, height 11.69” Spacing 0.2”. Whole paper must be with: Font Name Times New Roman, Font Size 10, Line Spacing 1.05 EXCEPT Abstract, Keywords (Index Term), Paper Tile, References, Author Profile (in the last page of the paper, maximum 400 words), All Headings, and Manuscript Details (First Page, Bottom, left side).Paper Title must be in Font Size 24, Bold, with Single Line Spacing. Authors Name must be in Font Size 11, Bold, Before Spacing 0, After Spacing 16, with Single Line Spacing. Please do not write Author e-mail or author address in the place of Authors name. Authors e-mail, and their Address details must be in the Manuscript details. Abstract and Keywords (Index Term) must be in Font Size 9, Bold, Italic with Single Line Spacing. All MAIN HEADING must be in Upper Case, Centre, and Roman Numbering (I, II, III…etc), Before Spacing 12, After Spacing 6, with single line spacing. All Sub Heading must be in Title Case, Left 0.25 cm, Italic, and Alphabet Numbering (A, B, C…etc), Before Spacing 6, After Spacing 4, with Single Line Spacing. Manuscript Details must be in Font Size 8, in the Bottom, First Page, and Left Side with Single Line Spacing. References must be in Font Size 8, Hanging 0.25 with single line spacing. Author Profile must be in Font Size 8, with single line spacing. Fore more details, please download TEMPLATE HELP FILE from the website.

Performance analysis of two stroke petrol engine on basis of variation in carburetor main jet diameter

Two stroke vehicles are used for high efficiency output. We have maximum gain is that Two stroke engine has one revolution, for every rev it’s has one running stroke. Because of that working stroke it gives extra pickup and high thermal efficiency, with that power we use mechanical devices to utilize that power. Mainly we use of right fuel engines to work efficient and overall performance to examine how a charge is imparting and therefore changing the diameter of carburetor. Gasoline will deliver less carbon particles as compared to different fuel vehicles. Mostly I am used right here the two stroke fuel engine for higher end result and estimate the heat analysis and speed and mass transfer rate. In this project, a main jet of carburetor is intended and sculptured in 3Dimensional modeling software package CREO constant quantity. Since the planning of main jet of carburetor is advanced, and potency is directly associated with material performance, material choice is of prime importance. During this project, totally {different completely different} materials and different nozzle diameters (15,20 and 25 mm) by acting thermal analysis on the most jet of carburetor for each the styles with Sir Joshua Reynolds numbers (4000 & 6000). In this project, Computational Fluid Dynamics technique is used to research the type of the fluid. Analysis is completed in Analytical System.

Experimental study on modified water injected four stroke petrol engine

The aim of the present study in “Water Injected four stroke petrol Engine” is to reduce the pollution and the consumption of the fuel. From the name we can get that there are two modifications made in the engine. The first modification is the installation of the water injector in the flanged GI pipe running between carburetor and engine and the second one is the introduction of the oxy hydrogen gas into the inlet manifold. Various research papers have proved that injection of the water directly into the engine will lead to the decrease in the emission of the oxides of nitrogen. The water is first pumped by using a water pump and then injected into the inlet manifold by using the petrol injector. The oxy hydrogen gas is obtained by the electrolysis of the water by using the neutral plates. The injection of the water into the engine is controlled by using the PIC controller board. The water is injected at certain timing which is controlled by using a relay. Both the injector and the pump is controlled by the circuit board. Power supply is given separately for water injection circuit and the oxy hydrogen set up. The emission tests that are done on this prototype as shown a reduction in the level of the pollutants emitted from the engine and also a slight increase in the performance of the engine is noticed.

Investigation and Implementation of Compressed Air Powered Motorbike Engine

Fossil fuels amount became very limited due to their terrific use. Also, the fossil fuels dependence has brought many environmental complications. Vehicles using compressed air as a fuel are considered like a dream and have involved many considerations. The compressed air engine (CAE) is receiving worldwide attention because it takes advantages of renewable energy and has zero exhaust emissions. The motorbike engine has emission percentage greater than any fuel operated engines. Currently in Egypt, there are more than 3 million motorcycles (motorbikes and covered three wheeled motorbikes called tuktuk) driven by fossil fuel. This paper provides an overview of air power engine for motorcycle, called air bikes. The objective is to modify the four stroke petrol engine into two stroke compressed air engine by replacing the spark plug by solenoid valve and using the Infra-Red (IR) modules for the piston timing. Due to availability, the used air compressor is piston type with maximum 8bar and 100 L capacity. Prototype of air powered motorbike engine is implemented by modification of 150 cm3 Dayun commercial petrol engine. The modified compressed air engine speed is 300 rpm at 8bar air pressure with 7.8 Nm torque and 245 watt power. The efficiency of the compressed air engine reached 9.6%. Yet, due to utilization of low compressed air pressure, the performance of the investigated CAE is so poor that it clearly has minor impact in motive power and hinders its commercialization.

STRUCTURAL, THERMAL AND THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE PISTON USING CAE TOOLS

As we are known numerous reciprocating parts is contained in IC Engine which are responsible for giving the motion. The abnormal piston working is given poor performance in comparison of other parts. The main intention of this research is to investigate and analyse the stress distribution of automobile piston at definite engine Condition. In this paper pressure (Mechanical), thermal (Heat) and thermo-mechanical analysis is accomplished by help of CAE Tool. The constraint used for the analysis is pressure of operating gas, temperature and material properties of piston. In this research piston are designed for a single cylinder four stroke petrol engine using CATIA V5R20 and analysis is performed by ANSYS 14. Two different material are induced in this investigation. First one is Aluminium alloy and second is Cast Iron. In this end of the Results are shown and a comparison is made to find the most suited material for splendour automobile vehicle piston by various CAE analyses.

Design, Analysis and Topology Optimization of a Connecting Rod for Single Cylinder 4–Stroke Petrol Engine

The aim of the study is to design, analyse and carry out a topology optimization of a connecting rod for single cylinder four stroke petrol engines. In order to obtain a 3D CAD model from existing physical connecting rod is developed through reverse engineering. A three dimensional CAD model of a connecting rod has been created using SOLIDWORKS and it is imported to ANSYS for the coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis, to verify the design of a connecting rod before and after weight reduction. For material optimization, three different aluminium alloy materials such as ADC12, LM6 and Al 6061–T6 alloy were used. From the results obtained from coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis and topology optimization, the optimized design of a connecting rod of Al 6061-T6 alloy shows the von-mises stress of 33.17 MPa, factor of safety 8.32 and total deformation 45.023 mm as compared to other two materials. Based on the topology optimization methodology, it is noted that Al 6061- T6 connecting rod material reduced the weight up to 7.98 % as compared with ADC12 without compromising the strength to weight ratio and ductility.

Effect of Preheated Pure Oxygen on IC Engine Performance using Heat Pipe Exhaust Heat Recovery Method

Nowadays, the requirements and dependency of people on vehicles are increasing day by day which lead to high emission of flue gases and it results in the severe environment pollution. Many researchers have done research to improve the efficiency of IC engine. The main reason for less efficiency is the incomplete combustion of fuel in the IC engine. To improve the efficiency, we carried out the experiments with two stroke petrol engine by supplying preheated pure oxygen instead of air. The oxygen is preheated by the exhaust heat recovery system using heat pipe. In this research work, engine performance is analyzed in two ways primarily by using the pure oxygen and secondly by using the pre-heated pure oxygen through heat pipe. The output response in this work is brake thermal efficiency without heat pipe (without inlet-air-preheating) and with heat pipe (with inlet air preheating). The output response is calculated with the use of numerical formula. Exhaust gases energy is used to preheat the inlet pure oxygen supplied to petrol engine with the help of heat pipe. A heat pipe without bend is used here in which working fluid is water. Experimental results show that there is an increase in brake thermal efficiency with use of heat pipe.

Investigation and implementation of compressed air powered motorbike engines

Over the last decades, fossil fuel resources have become very limited due to their tremendous use. Our dependence on fossil fuels has brought many environmental complications, but vehicles using compressed air as a fuel are still considered a dream. The compressed air engine (CAE) is receiving attention worldwide because it has the advantage of being renewable and has zero exhaust emissions. Motorbike engines have the highest percentage emissions of any fuel operated engines. Currently, in Egypt, there are more than 3 million motorcycles (motorbikes and covered three‐wheeled motorbikes called tuktuk) powered by fossil fuels. This paper provides an overview of air power engine for motorcycles, called air bikes. The objective is to modify the four stroke petrol engine into a CAE by replacing the spark plug by solenoid valve and using the infrared modules for piston timing. A prototype of an air powered motorbike engine is implemented by modification of an 150 cm3 Dayun petrol engine. The modified CAE speed is 300 rpm at 8 bar air pressure with 7.8 Nm torque and 245 watt power. The efficiency of the CAE reaches 9.6%. Yet, due to low‐pressure value utilization, the performance of the investigated CAE is still so poor that it clearly has a minor impact in motive power and hinders its commercialization.