Stripe Type Research Articles

A deep learning-based stripe self-correction method for stitched microscopic images

Stitched fluorescence microscope images inevitably exist in various types of stripes or artifacts caused by uncertain factors such as optical devices or specimens, which severely affects the image quality and downstream quantitative analysis. Here, we present a deep learning-based Stripe Self-Correction method, so-called SSCOR. Specifically, we propose a proximity sampling scheme and adversarial reciprocal self-training paradigm that enable SSCOR to utilize stripe-free patches sampled from the stitched microscope image itself to correct their adjacent stripe patches. Comparing to off-the-shelf approaches, SSCOR can not only adaptively correct non-uniform, oblique, and grid stripes, but also remove scanning, bubble, and out-of-focus artifacts, achieving the state-of-the-art performance across different imaging conditions and modalities. Moreover, SSCOR does not require any physical parameter estimation, patch-wise manual annotation, or raw stitched information in the correction process. This provides an intelligent prior-free image restoration solution for microscopists or even microscope companies, thus ensuring more precise biomedical applications for researchers.

Role of polarization switching and domain patterns in the enhanced piezoelectric characteristics of a Pb-free ferroelectric system

The Pb-free piezoelectric BaTi1−x Sn x O3 system is a promising environmentally friendly ceramic due to its superior piezoresponse properties. The enhanced piezoresponse of this system has a strong correlation with its microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. In this work, the effects of structural and microstructural evolution on the piezoelectric properties of a BaTi0.97Sn0.03O3 (BST) compound are explored. Structural and piezoelectric analysis elucidates that the samples experiencing a field induced tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transformation exhibit better piezoresponse. In addition, the domain configurations have a strong correlation with the synthesis conditions, where the distribution of lamellar and/or stripe types of domain patterns show enhancement in comparison to those of labyrinth type with increase in sintering temperature. Rayleigh analysis confirms that the increase in the irreversible nature of non-180° domain walls can improve the d 33 values of the BST samples. Overall, the results illustrate that the stripe domain configurations and field induced polarization switching from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase favour superior piezoresponse in the samples.

High-resolution quantitative and functional MRI indicate lower myelination of thin and thick stripes in human secondary visual cortex.

The characterization of cortical myelination is essential for the study of structure-function relationships in the human brain. However, knowledge about cortical myelination is largely based on post-mortem histology, which generally renders direct comparison to function impossible. The repeating pattern of pale-thin-pale-thick stripes of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in the primate secondary visual cortex (V2) is a prominent columnar system, in which histology also indicates different myelination of thin/thick versus pale stripes. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at ultra-high field strength (7 T) to localize and study myelination of stripes in four human participants at sub-millimeter resolution in vivo. Thin and thick stripes were functionally localized by exploiting their sensitivity to color and binocular disparity, respectively. Resulting functional activation maps showed robust stripe patterns in V2 which enabled further comparison of quantitative relaxation parameters between stripe types. Thereby, we found lower longitudinal relaxation rates (R1) of thin and thick stripes compared to surrounding gray matter in the order of 1-2%, indicating higher myelination of pale stripes. No consistent differences were found for effective transverse relaxation rates (R2*). The study demonstrates the feasibility to investigate structure-function relationships in living humans within one cortical area at the level of columnar systems using qMRI.

Research on Automatic Error Data Recognition Method for Structured Light System Based on Residual Neural Network

In a structured light system, the positioning accuracy of the stripe is one of the determinants of measurement accuracy. However, the quality of the structured light stripe is reduced by noise, object shape, color, etc. The positioning accuracy of the low-quality stripe center will be decreased, and the large error will be introduced into measurement results, which can only be recognized by a human. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method to identify data with relatively large errors in 3D measurement results by evaluating the quality of the grayscale distribution of stripes. In this method, the undegraded and degraded stripe images are captured. Then, the residual neural network is trained using the grayscale distribution of the two types of stripes. The captured stripes are classified by the trained model. Finally, the data corresponding to the degraded stripes, which correspond to large errors in the data, can be identified according to the classified results. The experiment shows that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively identify the data with large errors automatically.

68‐4: A Text Legibility Improvement Method for OLED Devices

Lots of technologies have been proposed to improve the visibility of text on displays. In particular, Microsoft's ClearType [1][21 technology which is well‐known to improve the horizontal resolution by controlling the grayscale of R, G, and B sub‐pixels individually. Though this technology is a standard especially in Windows OS, it is widely known to be the best way to improve the font quality regardless of OS type. However, based upon our review and experiment, this technology is effective to RGB stripe type structures such as LCDs but its effectiveness is quite low in S‐Stripe type structures such as OLEDs. In this paper, we conduct a research and propose the best way that can improve the legibility of text processed with ClearType based upon our subjective evaluation in OLEDs.

Clinical case of fulminant hepatitis in a child with hepatolenticular degeneration

The article presents a detailed analysis of the diagnostic search for Wilson’s disease in childhood. Polymorphism of clinical symptoms of the disease has led to various descriptions of this pathology and its manifestations. Despite more than a century of experience in studying the peculiarities of hepatolenticular degeneration, at the present stage the diagnosis of the disease, especially in children, remains a difficult issue. According to the literature data, there are no characteristic symptoms and typical clinical picture of this disease, which is the reason for the late diagnosis of this pathology in children. The earlier treatment is started, especially if at the preclinical stage, the higher is the efficacy and the more favorable the prognosis will be observed. The article summarizes information about the objective difficulties of proper diagnosis of this disease. In a specific clinical case presented in the article, the onset of hepatolenticular degeneration arose in the form of fulminant hepatitis with the development of acute liver failure, in which cytolysis of hepatocytes led to the release of copper that increased the content of the microelement in the blood. Particular attention should be paid to the symptoms that should alert the practitioner to Wilson’s disease, exactly such as the presence of jaundice of unknown origin, bleeding gums or multiple ecchymoses on the skin of the chest and back, a specific type of stripes (white, periodically changing color to reddish-blue) on thighs and axillary areas; hormonal disorders in the form of amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea in girls, as well as decreased intelligence and mental changes in the form of mood swings, or attacks of aggression, problems with school performance. Particular attention is paid to the role of an edema-ascites syndrome, in the absence of signs of portal hypertension, which is a pathognomonic sign of the onset of abdominal hepatolenticular degeneration, which is associated with early liver dysfunction.

Post-transcriptional gene silencing of the chalcone synthase gene CHS causes corolla lobe-specific whiting of Japanese gentian.

Post-transcriptional gene silencing of the chalcone synthase gene CHS specifically suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in corolla lobes and is responsible for the formation of a stripe type bicolor in Japanese gentian. The flower of Japanese gentian is a bell-shaped corolla composed of lobes and plicae, which is painted uniformly blue. However, the gentian cultivar 'Hakuju' shows bicolor phenotype (blue-white stripe corolla), in which anthocyanin accumulation is suppressed only in corolla lobes. Expression analysis indicated that steady-state levels of chalcone synthase (CHS) transcripts were remarkably reduced in corolla lobes compared with plicae during petal pigmentation initiation. However, no significant difference in expression levels of other flavonoid biosynthetic structural and regulatory genes was detected in its lobes and plicae. On feeding naringenin in white lobes, anthocyanin accumulation was recovered. Northern blotting probed with CHS confirmed the abundant accumulation of small RNAs in corolla lobes. Likewise, small RNA-seq analysis indicated that short reads from its lobes were predominantly mapped onto the 2nd exon region of the CHS gene, whereas those from the plicae were scarcely mapped. Subsequent infection with the gentian ovary ringspot virus (GORV), which had an RNA-silencing activity, showed the recovery of partial pigmentation in lobes. Hence, these results strongly suggested that suppressing anthocyanin accumulation in the lobes of bicolored 'Hakuju' was attributed to the specific degradation of CHS mRNA in corolla lobes, which was through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Herein, we revealed the molecular mechanism of strip bicolor formation in Japanese gentian, and showed that PTGS of CHS was also responsible for flower color pattern in a floricultural plant other than petunia and dahlia.

Ground-state phase diagram of the t-t′-J model

We report results of large-scale ground-state density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations on t-[Formula: see text]-J cylinders with circumferences 6 and 8. We determine a rough phase diagram that appears to approximate the two-dimensional (2D) system. While for many properties, positive and negative [Formula: see text] values ([Formula: see text]) appear to correspond to electron- and hole-doped cuprate systems, respectively, the behavior of superconductivity itself shows an inconsistency between the model and the materials. The [Formula: see text] (hole-doped) region shows antiferromagnetism limited to very low doping, stripes more generally, and the familiar Fermi surface of the hole-doped cuprates. However, we find [Formula: see text] strongly suppresses superconductivity. The [Formula: see text] (electron-doped) region shows the expected circular Fermi pocket of holes around the [Formula: see text] point and a broad low-doped region of coexisting antiferromagnetism and d-wave pairing with a triplet p component at wavevector [Formula: see text] induced by the antiferromagnetism and d-wave pairing. The pairing for the electron low-doped system with [Formula: see text] is strong and unambiguous in the DMRG simulations. At larger doping another broad region with stripes in addition to weaker d-wave pairing and striped p-wave pairing appears. In a small doping region near [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], we find an unconventional type of stripe involving unpaired holes located predominantly on chains spaced three lattice spacings apart. The undoped two-leg ladder regions in between mimic the short-ranged spin correlations seen in two-leg Heisenberg ladders.

Numerical study of vortex-induced vibration of a flexible cylinder with large aspect ratios in oscillatory flows

Numerical investigations on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexible cylinder with different length to diameter ratios, named the aspect ratio (L/D), ranging from 167 to 667 in an oscillatory flow have been conducted by the viv-FOAM-SJTU solver. The solver is developed based on the open source toolbox OpenFOAM and the two-dimensional (2D) strip theory. Hydrodynamic forces are calculated through the PIMPLE algorithm in each 2D fluid strip. The Finite Element Method (FEM) combined with the Newmark-β method are used to calculate vibrations of the flexible cylinder in both crossflow and inline directions. The cylinder model is pinned at both ends with top and bottom support frames forced to harmonically oscillate in the inline direction, which contributes to the generation of a relative oscillatory flow between the still water and the flexible cylinder. Mesh and fluid strip convergence studies are conducted to choose the appropriate computational model for subsequent simulations. Simulation results and experiment results are in good agreement that verifies the validity of the solver. Comparisons among simulations with different aspect ratios are analyzed detailedly. The maximum vibration amplitude, the dominant vibration mode and the non-dimensional dominant vibration frequency in both directions are enlarged apparently with the increase of the cylinder aspect ratio. The typical vibration trajectory changes from the butterfly type to the stripe type with L/D increases.

Distinct evolution of charge occupations on Fe 3d orbitals in hole-doped iron arsenic superconductors

First-principles calculations are performed to study the hole doping effect in a series of iron arsenic superconductors, such as the undoped CaFe2As2, CaFeAsF, and the hole-doped CaKFe4As4, KCa2Fe4As4F2, and KFe2As2. Charge occupations in the Fe 3d orbitals are found to show opposite variations when the filling is changed. Compared with the undoped CaFe2As2 and CaFeAsF, charges of the and orbitals decrease while those of the and d xy orbitals increase in the hole-doped materials CaKFe4As4, KCa2Fe4As4F2 and KFe2As2. By further analyzing the Pauli susceptibilities of CaFe2As2 and CaFeAsF, instability is found at the wave vector of , which is responsible for the stripe type antiferromagnetic order. In contrast, the Pauli susceptibilities of CaKFe4As4 and KCa2Fe4As4F2 at are strongly suppressed while the instabilities remain around , which may be the origin of superconductivity. Combining with the calculated orbital-resolved Pauli susceptibility, we conclude that hole doping mainly results in a decrease of charge occupations in the and orbitals, and these three orbitals play dominant roles in controlling the magnetic and superconducting properties in these iron-based superconductors.

Automatic laser profile recognition and fast tracking for structured light measurement using deep learning and template matching

Measurement technology based on structured light is a current research focus in the field of visual measurement and is widely applicable to various fields of industrial measurement. How to quickly and accurately locate and continuously track the rail head and rail waist region from dynamically changing laser fringe images remains a key issue to be solved in rail profile detection and analysis. An algorithm based on deep learning is proposed in this paper to realize the recognition of different types of rail profiles. A template-matching driven temporal and spatial contextual tracking algorithm is then employed to achieve rapid tracking of the railhead laser stripe. This method effectively solves the problem of profile measurement for passing trains at crossings and realizes accurate positioning and fast tracking of various types of laser stripes.

The effects of charge-doping and structural-parameter variations on magnetic behavior of BaFe2As2 compound

In this paper, the effect of charge- doping and structural parameters on magnetic properties of BaFe2As2 compound were investigated by density functional theory (DFT). As can be seen, substituting Fe sites with Mn increases the competition between the stripe and checkerboard magnetic type in the system and hence, the lack of superconductivity in BaFe2−xMnx compound has been observed. Furthermore, the results show strong magneto-elastic effect because of the variations of structural parameters through doping to the system which finally lead to the unusual magnetic behavior in Ba1−xTlxFe2As2 around x = 0.05. The calculations also confirm that comparing to charge-doping, structural parameters have a major role in these materials.

Influence of microwave heating on metallurgical and mechanical properties of Ni-40Cr3C2 composite clads in the context of cavitation erosion resistance characteristics

Surface modification is one of the most reliable solutions for protecting the material damage in hydraulic turbines due to cavitation phenomena. However, the conventional coating/cladding process has many drawbacks like high porosity, weak adhesion strength, and poor fracture toughness. In contrast, the cladding process with microwave hybrid heating can overcome these limitations. Hence, this study aims to develop the microwave processed composite clad of Ni-based alloy with 40% Cr3C2 (by wt.) on SS-316 substrate in the domestic microwave oven of 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power. The selection of the material system for this study was based on mitigating the effect of cavitation erosion. The thorough metallurgical and mechanical characterization of the developed composite clad was done. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the developed composite clads had a uniform thickness of 600 µm and free from interfacial cracks and visible pores (measured porosity ∼1.67% – as per ASTM B276). Uniformly dispersed hexagonal and stripe type carbides precipitate in the Ni-based alloy matrix of the composite clad was observed through scanning electron microscopy images. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that various hard carbides (SiC, Ni3C, Cr3Ni2SiC, Cr7C3, and NiC) and intermetallic (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, and Cr3Si) phases were formed during microwave heating. The microhardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness of the Ni-40Cr3C2 clads were evaluated. The results reveal that the composite clad possesses microhardness = 605 ± 80 HV0.3 (∼3 times SS-316), flexural strength = 813.23 ± 16.2 MPa, and fracture toughness = 7.44 ± 0.2 MPa√m. The appropriate value of these properties makes this composite clad suitable for cavitation erosion resistance application.

Soliton pairs in two-dimensional nonlocal media.

We study the interaction of optical beams of different wavelengths, described by a two-component, two-dimensional (2D) nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) model. Using a multiscale expansion method the NLS model is asymptotically reduced to the completely integrable 2D Mel'nikov system, the soliton solutions of which are used to construct approximate dark-bright and antidark-bright soliton solutions of the original NLS model; the latter being unique to the nonlocal NLS system with no relevant counterparts in the local case. Direct numerical simulations show that, for sufficiently small amplitudes, both these types of soliton stripes do exist and propagate undistorted, in excellent agreement with the analytical predictions. Larger amplitude of these soliton stripes, when perturbed along the transverse direction, disintegrate either to filled vortex structures (the dark-bright solitons) or to radiation (the antidark-bright solitons).

Luminescent Spectral Rulers for Noninvasive Displacement Measurement through Tissue.

A luminescent spectral ruler was developed to measure micrometer to millimeter displacements through tissue. The spectral ruler has two components: a luminescent encoder patterned with alternating stripes of two spectrally distinct luminescent materials and an analyzer mask with periodic transparent windows the same width as the encoder stripes. The analyzer mask is placed over the encoder and held so that only one type of luminescent stripe is visible through the window; sliding the analyzer over the encoder modulates the luminescence spectrum acquired through the analyzer windows, enabling detection of small displacements without imaging. We prepared two types of spectral rulers, one with a fluorescent encoder and a second with an X-ray excited optical luminescent (XEOL) encoder. The fluorescent ruler used two types of quantum dots to form stripes that were excited with 633 nm light and emitted at 645 and 680 nm, respectively. Each ruler type was covered with chicken breast tissue to simulate implantation. The XEOL ruler generated a strong signal with negligible tissue autofluorescence but used ionizing radiation, while the fluorescence ruler used non-ionizing red light excitation but required spectral fitting to account for tissue autofluorescence. The precision for both types of luminescent spectral rulers (with 1 mm wide analyzer windows, and measured through 6 mm of tissue) was <2 μm, mostly limited by shot noise. The approach enabled high micrometer to millimeter displacement measurements through tissue and has applications in biomechanical and mechanochemical measurements (e.g., tracking postsurgical bone healing and implant-associated infection).

Breeding of Phalaenopsis ‘SM 3337’ with Stripe Type of Pink Flower

Breeding of <i>Phalaenopsis</i> ‘SM 3337’ with Stripe Type of Pink Flower

Simulation Studies on Line Intersect Sampling of Residues Left After Cut-to-Length Logging

Upon carrying out logging, residues remain in the cutting area. Logging residues are an additional source of wood raw material for the production of fuel chips to be used in bioenergetics. In order to plan the logging residues collection and processing technology, it is necessary to gather information on the amount of this type of waste and its distribution within the cutting area.The article deals with the line intersect (LIS) method.The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of the LIS method for quantifying logging residues after cut-to-length logging (CTL), uniformly distributed within the technology traffic lanes (strips) of width b on the cutting area of arbitrary shape S.The studies were conducted using computer simulations. In the models, logging residues are represented as clusters in the form of circles. The laws of distribution of the radius of the clusters and their position in the plot were determined by field measurements.In the simulations, clusters uniformly distributed along the X-axis and stripes on the Y-axis were considered. The samples of lines were the set of lines of different length and mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y.In the simulations, four types of stripes were considered with a different angle to the Y-axis. Type 1 – angle = 0°, type 2 – angle = 15°, type 3 angle = 30°, type 4 – angle = 45°.It was determined through simulation that the estimated mean radius of the clusters is greater by 24% than the true mean radius.The LIS method formula is appropriate for estimating the amount of forest residues after CTL logging provided the true mean radius is taken. According to the results of simulation experiments, it was found that the results are in good agreement with the theoretical formulas if the location of the sample lines is mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y of the area. Differences remain within the limits of 20% error.

Morphological Cell Types Projecting from V1 Layer 4B to V2 Thick and Thin Stripes.

In macaque visual cortex, different cytochrome oxidase stripes of area V2 receive segregated projections from layers (L)2/3 and 4B of the primary visual cortex (V1), and project to dorsal or ventral stream extrastriate areas. Parallel V1-to-V2 pathways suggest functionally specialized circuits, but it is unknown whether these circuits arise from distinct cell types. V1 L4B includes two morphological types of excitatory projection neurons: pyramids, which carry mixed magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) information to downstream areas, and spiny stellates, which carry only M information. Previous studies have shown that, overall, V2 receives ∼80% of its L4B inputs from pyramids, thus receiving mixed M and P signals. However, it is unknown how pyramids and stellates distribute their outputs to the different V2 stripes, and whether different stripes receive inputs from morphologically distinct neuron types. Using viral-mediated labeling of V2-projecting L4B neurons in male macaques, we show that thick stripes receive a greater contribution of L4B inputs from M-dominated spiny stellates compared with thin stripes. Both stripe types, however, receive a much larger contribution from spiny stellates than previously shown for V2 overall, indicating that a larger amount of M information than previously thought flows into both the dorsal and ventral streams via the V2 thick and thin stripes, respectively. Moreover, we identify four types of V2-projecting L4B cells differing in size and complexity. Three such cell types project to both thin and thick stripes, but one type, the giant spiny-stellate neuron, resembling L4B neurons projecting to motion-sensitive area MT, was only found to project to thick stripes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Area V1 partitions visual information into functionally specialized parallel pathways which terminate into distinct stripes of area V2. We asked whether V1 inputs to different V2 stripes arise from morphologically different cell types. V1 layer (L)4B has two cell types: pyramids, which carry both magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) visual signals, and spiny stellates, which carry only M signals. We find that V2 thick stripes, which project to areas processing object motion, receive a larger fraction of L4B input from M-dominated stellates compared with thin stripes, which project to areas processing object attributes. We also identify four morphological types of V2-projecting L4B neurons, suggestive of four functionally specialized cell types.

Significance of the secondary pores in perthite for oil storage and flow in tight sandstone reservoir

Abstract Perthite is a special type of skeleton mineral in tight oil sandstone which cannot be ignored. However, few attention was paid to the secondary pores in perthite and their contributions in tight oil reservoir. This study reveals the perthite's significance in unconventional oil flow characterizes comprehensively and quantitativel by combining the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) with high resolution, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, high precision image processing, comprehensive parameters construction and calculation. Typical perthite samples of Chang 7 tight oil reservoir of Ordos basin were selected for this study. Our results demonstrate that the growth of K-feldspar and Na-feldspar in perthite is complementary. The mixing process of the two types of stripes promotes each other rather than inhibiting each other. As to the development of secondary pores of perthite, there are clear differences in the area and number of pores, medium differences in the porosity, radius and perimeter, and small differences in other parameters. The more regular and uniform growth of Na-feldspar, the more likely the perthite is to form regular and normalized secondary pore. At least 56.7% of the secondary pore of perthite contributes to oil flow in the process of oil migration or development, and its scientific significance cannot be ignored. The conclusion could provide the geological basis for the effective development of the unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Remote Sensing Image Stripe Detecting and Destriping Using the Joint Sparsity Constraint with Iterative Support Detection

Remote sensing images have been applied to a wide range of fields, but they are often degraded by various types of stripes, which affect the image visual quality and limit the subsequent processing tasks. Most existing destriping methods fail to exploit the stripe properties adequately, leading to suboptimal performance. Based on a full consideration of the stripe properties, we propose a new destriping model to achieve stripe detection and stripe removal simultaneously. In this model, we adopt the unidirectional total variation regularization to depict the directional property of stripes and the weighted ℓ 2 , 1 -norm regularization to depict the joint sparsity of stripes. Then, we combine the alternating direction method of multipliers and iterative support detection to solve the proposed model effectively. Comparison results on simulated and real data suggest that the proposed method can remove and detect stripes effectively while preserving image edges and details.